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Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. ; Authier, Louise ; Schimann, Heidy ; Baraloto, Christophier |
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Title |
Root anatomy helps to reconcile observed root trait syndromes in tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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108 |
Issue |
5 |
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744-755 |
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Botanical Society of America |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1056 |
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Author |
Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Quilichini, A.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Comparative Structure and Ontogeny of the Foliar Domatia in Three Neotropical Myrmecophytes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
557-565 |
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Keywords |
anatomy; ant-plant mutualism; Chrysobalanaceae; domatia; French Guiana; Hirtella physophora; Maieta guianensis; Melastomataceae; myrmecophyte; ontogeny; Tococa guianensis |
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Abstract |
The origin and timing of the appearance of leaf domatia during the ontogeny of plants are important evolutionary traits driving the maintenance of ant-plant associations. In this study conducted in French Guiana on Hirtella physophora, Maieta guianensis, and Tococa guianensis, we focused on the formation and development of leaf domatia having different morphological origins. We modeled the timing of the onset of these domatia, then compared their morpho-anatomical structure. Although the ontogenetic development of the domatia differed between species, they developed very early in the plant's ontogeny so that we did not note differences in the timing of the onset of these domatia. For H. physophora seedlings, a transitional leaf forms before the appearance of fully developed domatia, whereas in M. guianensis and T. guianensis the domatia forms abruptly without transitional leaves. Moreover, in all cases, the morpho-anatomical structure of the domatia differed considerably from the lamina. All three species had similar morpho-anatomical characteristics for the domatia, indicating a convergence in their structural and functional characteristics. This convergence between taxonomically distant plant species bearing domatia having different morphological origins could be interpreted as a product of the plant's evolution toward the morphology and anatomy most likely to maximize ant recruitment and long-term residence. |
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Address |
[Leroy, Celine; Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: Celine.Leroy@ecofog.gf |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000276045500003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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65 |
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Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T.; Coutand, C.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
How to determine sapling buckling risk with only a few measurements |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1583-1593 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; critical buckling height; French Guiana; risk factor; sapling; stem form; tropical rain forest; trunk volume |
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Tree buckling risk (actual height/critical buckling height) is an important biomechanical trait of plant growth strategies, and one that contributes to species coexistence. To estimate the diversity of this trait among wide samples, a method that minimizes damage to the plants is necessary. On the basis of the rarely used, complete version of Greenhill's model (1881, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 4(2): 65-73), we precisely measured all the necessary parameters on a sample of 236 saplings of 16 species. Then, using sensitivity (variance) analysis, regressions between successive models for risk factors and species ranks and the use of these models on samples of self- and nonself-supporting saplings, we tested different degrees of simplification up to the most simple and widely used formula that assumes that the tree is a cylindrical homogeneous pole. The size factor had the greatest effect on buckling risk, followed by the form factor and the modulus of elasticity of the wood. Therefore, estimates of buckling risk must consider not only the wood properties but especially the form factor. Finally, we proposed a simple but accurate method of assessing tree buckling risk that is applicable to a wide range of samples and that requires mostly nondestructive measurements. |
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INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: jaouen-g@kourou.cirad.fr |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000251466600001 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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148 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Forget, P.M. |
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Title |
Seed size, seedling morphology, and response to deep shade and damage in neotropical rain forest trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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94 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
901-911 |
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Keywords |
cotyledons; French Guiana; functional morphology; herbivory; life history; phylogeny; regeneration strategy; shade tolerance |
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Abstract |
To investigate the existence of coordinated sets of seedling traits adapted to contrasting establishment conditions, we examined evolutionary convergence in seedling traits for 299 French Guianan woody plant species and the stress response in a shadehouse of species representing seed size gradients within five major cotyledon morphology types. The French Guianan woody plant community has larger seeds than other tropical forest communities and the largest proportion of hypogeal cotyledon type (59.2%) reported for tropical forests. Yet the community includes many species with intermediate size seeds that produce seedlings with different cotyledonal morphologies. A split-plot factorial design with two light levels (0.8% and 16.1% PAR) and four damage treatments (control, seed damage, leaf damage, stem damage) was used in the shadehouse experiment. Although larger-seeded species had higher survival and slower growth, these patterns were better explained by cotyledon type than by seed mass. Even larger-seeded species with foliar cotyledons grew faster than species with reserve-type cotyledons, and survival after stem grazing was five times higher in seedlings with hypogeal cotyledons than with epigeal cotyledons. Thus, to predict seedling performance using seed size, seedling morphology must also be considered. |
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Address |
Inst Natl Rech Agronom, UMR, Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, France, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000249830600001 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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159 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Fournier, M.; Prevost, M.F.; Beauchene, J.; Bardet, S. |
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Title |
Biomechanics of buttressed trees: Bending strains and stresses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1349-1356 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; buttress; Eleaocarpaceae; French Guiana; Sloanea spp.; tropical trees; wood |
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Abstract |
The different hypotheses about buttress function and formation mainly involve mechanical theory. Forces were applied to two trees of Sloanea spp.. a tropical genus that develops typical thin buttresses. and the three-dimensional strains were measured at different parts of the trunk base. Risks of failure were greater on the buttress sides, where shear and tangential stresses are greater, not on the ridges. in spite of high longitudinal (parallel to the grain) stresses. A simple beam model, computed from the second moment of area of digitized cross sections, is consistent with longitudinal strain variations but cannot predict accurately variations with height. Patterns of longitudinal strain variation along ridges are very different in the two individuals, owing to a pronounced lateral curvature in one specimen. The constant stress hypothesis is discussed based on these results. Without chronological data during the development of the tree. it cannot be proved that buttress formation is activated by stress or strain. |
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CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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Notes |
ISI:000185459000010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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244 |
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Author |
Lobova, T.A.; Mori, S.A.; Blanchard, F.; Peckham, H.; Charles-Dominique, P. |
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Title |
Cecropia as a food resource for bats in French Guiana and the significance of fruit structure in seed dispersal and longevity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
388-403 |
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Keywords |
bat dispersal; Cecropia; French Guiana; fruit anatomy; fruit morphology; mucilage; Neotropical bats; soil seed bank |
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Abstract |
Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) is a Neotropical genus of pioneer plants. A review of bat/plant dispersal interactions revealed that 15 species of Cecropia are consumed by 32 species of bats. In French Guiana, bats were captured in primary and secondary forests, yielding 936 fecal samples with diaspores, among which 162 contained fruits of C. obtusa, C. palmata, and C. sciadophylla. A comparative morphological and anatomical study of fruits and seeds taken directly from herbarium specimens, bat feces, and an experimental soil seed bank was made. Contrary to previous reports, the dispersal unit of Cecropia is the fruit not the seed. Bats consume the infructescence, digest pulp derived from the enlarged, fleshy perianth, and defecate the fruits. The mucilaginous pericarp of Cecropia is described. The external mucilage production of Cecropia may facilitate endozoochory. The exocarp and part of the mesocarp may be lost after passage through the digestive tract of bats, but fruits buried for a year in the soil seed bank remain structurally unchanged. Fruit characters were found to be useful for identifying species of bat-dispersed Cecropia. Bat dispersal is not necessary for seed germination but it increases seed survival and subsequent germination. Fruit structure plays a significant role in seed longevity. |
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New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000183133100008 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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272 |
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Sarmiento, C.; Patino, S.; Paine, C.E.T.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, A.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Within-Individual Variation of Trunk and Branch Xylem Density in Tropical Trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
140-149 |
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Keywords |
branch xylem density; French Guiana; functional trait; tropical trees; trunk xylem density; wood economics |
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Abstract |
Premise of the study : Wood density correlates with mechanical and physiological strategies of trees and is important for estimating global carbon stocks. Nonetheless, the relationship between branch and trunk xylem density has been poorly explored in neotropical trees. Here, we examine this relationship in trees from French Guiana and its variation among different families and sites, to improve the understanding of wood density in neotropical forests. Methods : Trunk and branch xylem densities were measured for 1909 trees in seven sites across French Guiana. A major-axis fit was performed to explore their general allometric relationship and its variation among different families and sites. Key results : Trunk xylem and branch xylem densities were significantly positively correlated, and their relationship explained 47% of the total variance. Trunk xylem was on average 9% denser than branch xylem. Family-level differences and interactions between family and site accounted for more than 40% of the total variance, whereas differences among sites explained little variation. Conclusions : Variation in xylem density within individual trees can be substantial, and the relationship between branch xylem and trunk xylem densities varies considerably among families and sites. As such, whole-tree biomass estimates based on non-destructive branch sampling should correct for both taxonomic and environmental factors. Furthermore, detailed estimates of the vertical distribution of wood density within individual trees are needed to determine the extent to which relying solely upon measures of trunk wood density may cause carbon stocks in tropical forests to be overestimated. |
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Address |
[Sarmiento, Carolina; Patino, Sandra; Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97310, French Guiana, Email: carolinasar@gmail.com |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000285747900019 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
290 |
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Author |
Eva, H.D.; Belward, A.S.; De Miranda, E.E.; Di Bella, C.M.; Gond, V.; Huber, O.; Jones, S.; Sgrenzaroli, M.; Fritz, S. |
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Title |
A land cover map of South America |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
731-744 |
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Keywords |
Amazonia; ecosystems; land cover; mapping; South America; vegetation classes |
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Abstract |
A digital land cover map of South America has been produced using remotely sensed satellite data acquired between 1995 and the year 2000. The mapping scale is defined by the 1 km spatial resolution of the map grid-cell. In order to realize the product, different sources of satellite data were used, each source providing either a particular parameter of land cover characteristic required by the legend, or mapping a particular land cover class. The map legend is designed both to fit requirements for regional climate modelling and for studies on land cover change. The legend is also compatible with a wider, global, land cover mapping exercise, which seeks to characterize the world's land surface for the year 2000. As a first step, the humid forest domain has been validated using a sample of high-resolution satellite images. The map demonstrates both the major incursions of agriculture into the remaining forest domains and the extensive areas of agriculture, which now dominate South America's grasslands. |
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Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, TP 440, I-21020 Ispra, Italy, Email: hugh.eva@jrc.it |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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1354-1013 |
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ISI:000221421600015 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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235 |
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Author |
Latouche-Halle, C.; Ramboer, A.; Bandou, E.; Caron, H.; Kremer, A. |
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Title |
Long-distance pollen flow and tolerance to selfing in a neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1055-1064 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; microsatellites; outcrossing rate; pollen flow; reproductive success; tropical tree |
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Abstract |
Outcrossing rates, pollen dispersal and male mating success were assessed in Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, a neotropical tree endemic to the Guiana shield. All adult trees within a continuous area of 40 ha (n = 157) were mapped, and were genotyped with six microsatellite loci. In addition, progenies were genotyped from 22 mature trees. At the population level, the species was mostly outcrossing (t(m) = 0.89) but there was marked variation among individuals. One tree exhibited mixed mating, confirming earlier results obtained with isozymes that D. guianensis can tolerate selfing. A Bayesian extension of the fractional paternity method was used for paternity analysis, and was compared with the neighbourhood method used widely for forest trees. Both methods indicated that pollen dispersal was only weakly related to distance between trees within the study area, and that the majority (62%) of pollen came from outside the study stand. Using maximum likelihood, male potential population size was estimated to be 1119, corresponding to a neighbourhood size of 560 hectares. Male mating success was, however, related to the diameter of the stem and to flowering intensity assessed visually. The mating behaviour of D. guianensis is a combination of long-distance pollen flow and occasional selfing. The species can still reproduce when it is extremely rare, either by selfing or by dispersing pollen at long distances. These results, together with the observation that male mating success was correlated with the size of the trees, could be implemented in management procedures aiming at regenerating the species. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: caron@pierroton.mra.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221016300007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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237 |
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Author |
de Grandcourt, A.; Epron, D.; Montpied, P.; Louisanna, E.; Bereau, M.; Garbaye, J.; Guehl, J.M. |
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Title |
Contrasting responses to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus availability in seedlings of two tropical rainforest tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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Volume |
161 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
865-875 |
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Keywords |
phosphorus; growth; efficiency; Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas; tropical rainforest; seedlings; Dicorynia guianensis; Eperua falcata |
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Abstract |
This work aimed at understanding the role of mycorrhizal status in phosphorus efficiency of tree seedlings in the tropical rainforest of French Guyana. Mycorrhizal colonization, growth, phosphorus content, net photosynthesis and root respiration were determined on three occasions during a 9-month growth period for seedlings of two co-occurring species (Dicorynia guianensis and Eperua falcata) grown at three soil phosphorus concentrations, with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Seedlings of both species were unable to absorb phosphorus in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited coils that are specific of Paris-type mycorrhizae. Both species benefited from the mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of phosphorus acquisition but the growth of E. falcata seedlings was unresponsive to this mycorrhizal improvement of phosphorus status, probably because of the combination of high seed mass and P reserves, with low growth rate. The two species belong to two different functional groups regarding phosphorus acquisition, D. guianensis being an obligate mycotrophic species. |
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Address |
Univ Franche Comte, Lab Biol & Ecophysiol, F-25211 Montbeliard, France, Email: daniel.epron@scbiol.uhp-nancy.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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0028-646X |
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ISI:000188646500022 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
239 |
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