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Author |
Cereghino, R.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Corbara, B. |
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Title |
Ants mediate the structure of phytotelm communities in an ant-garden bromeliad |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1549-1556 |
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Keywords |
Aechmea mertensii; ant-gardens; biodiversity; bromeliads; Camponotus femoratus; Crematogaster levior; macroinvertebrates; mutualism; Pachycondyla goeldii; phytotelmata; secondary forest; Sinnamary; French Guiana; species interactions |
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Abstract |
The main theories explaining the biological diversity of rain forests often confer a limited understanding of the contribution of interspecific interactions to the observed patterns. We show how two-species mutualisms can affect much larger segments of the invertebrate community in tropical rain forests. Aechmea mertensii (Bromeliaceae) is both a phytotelm (plant-held water) and an ant-garden epiphyte. We studied the influence of its. associated ant species (Pachycondyla goeldii and Camponotus femoratus) on the physical characteristics of the plants, and, subsequently, on the diversity of the invertebrate communities that inhabit their tanks. As dispersal agents for the bromeliads, P. goeldii and C. femoratus influence the shape and size of the bromeliad by determining the location of the seedling, from exposed to partially shaded areas. By coexisting on a local scale, the two ant species generate a gradient of habitat conditions in terms of available resources (space and food) for aquatic invertebrates, the diversity of the invertebrate communities increasing with greater volumes of water and fine detritus. Two-species mutualisms are widespread in nature, but their influence on the diversity of entire communities remains largely unexplored. Because macroinvertebrates constitute an important part of animal production in all ecosystem types, further investigations should address the functional implications of such indirect effects. |
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[Cereghino, Regis] Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Lab Ecol Fonct,EcoLab, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: cereghin@cict.fr |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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ISI:000277867600030 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
59 |
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Author |
Blanc, L.; Echard, M.; Herault, B.; Bonal, D.; Marcon, E.; Chave, J.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Dynamics of aboveground carbon stocks in a selectively logged tropical forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecological Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Appl. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1397-1404 |
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Keywords |
aboveground biomass; carbon sequestration; deforestation; French Guiana; global change; timber stand improvement; tropical forests |
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Abstract |
The expansion of selective logging in tropical forests may be an important source of global carbon emissions. However, the effects of logging practices on the carbon cycle have never been quantified over long periods of time. We followed the fate of more than 60 000 tropical trees over 23 years to assess changes in aboveground carbon stocks in 48 1.56-ha plots in French Guiana that represent a gradient of timber harvest intensities, with and without intensive timber stand improvement (TSI) treatments to stimulate timber tree growth. Conventional selective logging led to emissions equivalent to more than a third of aboveground carbon stocks in plots without TSI (85 Mg C/ha), while plots with TSI lost more than one-half of aboveground carbon stocks (142 Mg C/ha). Within 20 years of logging, plots without TSI sequestered aboveground carbon equivalent to more than 80% of aboveground carbon lost to logging (-70.7 Mg C/ha), and our simulations predicted an equilibrium aboveground carbon balance within 45 years of logging. In contrast, plots with intensive TSI are predicted to require more than 100 years to sequester aboveground carbon lost to emissions. These results indicate that in some tropical forests aboveground carbon storage can be recovered within half a century after conventional logging at moderate harvest intensities. |
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Address |
[Bonal, Damien; Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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1051-0761 |
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ISI:000269075200003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
105 |
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Fortunel, C.; Garnier, E.; Joffre, R.; Kazakou, E.; Quested, H.; Grigulis, K.; Lavorel, S.; Ansquer, P.; Castro, H.; Cruz, P.; Dolezal, J.; Eriksson, O.; Freitas, H.; Golodets, C.; Jouany, C.; Kigel, J.; Kleyer, M.; Lehsten, V.; Leps, J.; Meier, T.; Pakeman, R.; Papadimitriou, M.; Papanastasis, V.P.; Quetier, F.; Robson, M.; Sternberg, M.; Theau, J.P.; Thebault, A.; Zarovali, M. |
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Title |
Leaf traits capture the effects of land use changes and climate on litter decomposability of grasslands across Europe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
598-611 |
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Keywords |
climate; community functional parameters; disturbance; leaf traits; litter decomposability; litter quality |
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Abstract |
Land use and climate changes induce shifts in plant functional diversity and community structure, thereby modifying ecosystem processes. This is particularly true for litter decomposition, an essential process in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients. In this study, we asked whether changes in functional traits of living leaves in response to changes in land use and climate were related to rates of litter potential decomposition, hereafter denoted litter decomposability, across a range of 10 contrasting sites. To disentangle the different control factors on litter decomposition, we conducted a microcosm experiment to determine the decomposability under standard conditions of litters collected in herbaceous communities from Europe and Israel. We tested how environmental factors ( disturbance and climate) affected functional traits of living leaves and how these traits then modified litter quality and subsequent litter decomposability. Litter decomposability appeared proximately linked to initial litter quality, with particularly clear negative correlations with lignin-dependent indices ( litter lignin concentration, lignin : nitrogen ratio, and fiber component). Litter quality was directly related to community-weighted mean traits. Lignin-dependent indices of litter quality were positively correlated with community-weighted mean leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and negatively correlated with community-weighted mean leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC). Consequently, litter decomposability was correlated negatively with community-weighted mean LDMC, and positively with community-weighted mean LNC. Environmental factors ( disturbance and climate) influenced community-weighted mean traits. Plant communities experiencing less frequent or less intense disturbance exhibited higher community-weighted mean LDMC, and therefore higher litter lignin content and slower litter decomposability. LDMC therefore appears as a powerful marker of both changes in land use and of the pace of nutrient cycling across 10 contrasting sites. |
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Address |
[Fortunel, Claire; Garnier, Eric; Joffre, Richard; Kazakou, Elena] CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: claire.fortunel@ecofog.gf |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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Notes |
ISI:000263776800003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
121 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Morneau, F.; Bonal, D.; Blanc, L.; Ferry, B. |
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Title |
Seasonal water stress tolerance and habitat associations within four neotropical tree genera |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
478-489 |
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Keywords |
drought tolerance; French Guiana; photosynthetic capacity; phylogenetically independent contrast; relative growth rate; seasonally flooded forest; specific leaf area; torus translation method; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
We investigated the relationship between habitat association and physiological performance in four congeneric species pairs exhibiting contrasting distributions between seasonally flooded and terra firme habitats in lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana, including Virola and Iryanthera ( Myristicaceae), Symphonia ( Clusiaceae), and Eperua (Caesalpiniaceae). We analyzed 10-year data sets of mapped and measured saplings ( stems >= 150 cm in height and < 10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) and trees ( stems >= 10 cm dbh) across 37.5 ha of permanent plots covering a 300-ha zone, within which seasonally flooded areas ( where the water table never descends below 1 m) have been mapped. Additionally, we tested the response of growth, survival, and leaf functional traits of these species to drought and flood stress in a controlled experiment. We tested for habitat preference using a modi. cation of the torus translation method. Strong contrasting associations of the species pairs of Iryanthera, Virola, and Symphonia were observed at the sapling stage, and these associations strengthened for the tree stage. Neither species of Eperua was significantly associated with flooded habitats at the sapling stage, but E. falcata was significantly and positively associated with flooded forests at the tree stage, and trees of E. grandiflora were found almost exclusively in nonflooded habitats. Differential performance provided limited explanatory support for the observed habitat associations, with only congeners of Iryanthera exhibiting divergent sapling survival and tree growth. Seedlings of species associated with flooded forest tended to have higher photosynthetic capacity than their congeners at field capacity. In addition, they tended to have the largest reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth rate in response to experimental drought stress and the least reductions in response to experimental inundation. The corroboration of habitat association with differences in functional traits and, to a lesser extent, measures of performance provides an explanation for the regional coexistence of these species pairs. We suggest that specialization to seasonally flooded habitats may explain patterns of adaptive radiation in many tropical tree genera and thereby provide a substantial contribution to regional tree diversity. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, Email: baraloto@botany.ufl.edu |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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Notes |
ISI:000245668400021 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
165 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2461-2472 |
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Keywords |
canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
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Address |
Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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Notes |
ISI:000231373600021 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
252 |
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Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Barreneche, T.; Kremer, A.; Plomion, C. |
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Title |
Quantitative trait loci mapping for vegetative propagation in pedunculate oak |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
369-374 |
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Keywords |
vegetative propagation; QTL; Quercus robur |
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Abstract |
Vegetative propagation is one of the main methods used for the deployment of improved genetic forest tree species. The objective of this paper was to study the genetic architecture of vegetative propagation by detecting Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur). The mapping population consisted on an F-1 family of 278 offspring. Assessment of rooting ability over three years permitted the detection of 10 QTLs explaining between 4.4 and 13.8% of phenotypic variance, of which the two strongest were stable across years. Ongoing genomics programs in trees and in Arabidopsis are starting to shed light on the nature of the underlying genes. |
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Address |
Equipe Genet, INRA, UMR 1202, BIOGECO, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: christophe.plomion@pierroton.inra.fr |
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E D P SCIENCES |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000229668600010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
255 |
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Author |
Amusant, N.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M.; Janin, G.; Thevenon, M.F. |
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Title |
Decay resistance in Dicorynia guianensis Amsh.: analysis of inter-tree and intra-tree variability and relations with wood colour |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
373-380 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; Amazonian wood; wood colour/decay resistance; heartwood; variability |
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Abstract |
Dicorynia guianensis Amsh. is very widespread in the forests of French Guiana and moreover is the leading species harvested in this area, but its main defect remains the great variability of wood durability, especially with respect to fungal decay. The aim of this work was to study this inter- and intra-tree variability in order to identify the parameters responsible for this variation (growth area, height and radial position) within the tree. The resistance decrease from the outer heartwood to the pith. Measurement of colour variation using the CIELAB (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*) system was performed at the intra-tree level to highlight the longitudinal and radial gradients of variation. Dicorynia guianensis becomes less red and dark from the outer to the inner heartwood and from the base to the top. Lastly, variations of colour and durability were correlated: the wood is less resistant the redder and darker it is. |
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Address |
CIRAD Foret, Forest Prod Programme, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: nadine.amusant@cirad.fr |
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E D P SCIENCES |
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1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000223955500009 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
262 |
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Author |
Bardet, S.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Influence of basic density and temperature on mechanical properties perpendicular to grain of ten wood tropical species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-59 |
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Keywords |
green wood; tropical wood; transverse mechanical properties; basic density; softening temperature |
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Abstract |
The influence of temperature on transverse mechanical properties of 10 tropical species in green condition was studied in radial compression (0 to 99 degreesC), transverse shear with longitudinal-radial shearing plane and rupture of the longitudinal-tangential plane (20 to 80 degreesC). Basic density ranged from 0.21 to 0.91 g cm(-3). Load-displacement curves were characterised by initial rigidity, yield stress, yield strain and strain energy at 20% strain level. The relation between each criterion and basic density was expressed by a power law. The dependency on temperature evidenced a sharp glassy transition, except for the fracture energy only slightly influenced by temperature. An empirical model allowed evaluating a transition temperature between 51 and 69 degreesC, depending on the species and the criterion, which was attributed to lignin. Detailed analysis of the apparent modulus in radial compression suggested that complex relaxation phenomena occur around 10 degreesC and that the rubbery state is not fully reached at 80 degreesC. |
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Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, Equipe Bois, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France |
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E D P SCIENCES |
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1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000181322100006 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
275 |
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Author |
Male, P.J.G.; Loiseau, A.; Estoup, A.; Quilichini, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the neotropical plant-ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) and multiplexing with other microsatellites from the ant subfamily Myrmicinae |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
European Journal of Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Entomol. |
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Volume |
107 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
673-675 |
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Keywords |
Hymenoptera; Formicidae; Myrmicinae; Allomerus; ant-plant mutualism; microsatellites; plant-ant |
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Abstract |
Five polymorphic microsatellite loci of the arboreal ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae) were isolated and characterized. The amplification and polymorphism of seven additional microsatellite loci, previously developed for the ant species A. octoarticulatus and Wasmannia auropunctata, were also tested and the amplification conditions necessary for genotyping the complete set of 12 multiplexed markers in A. decemarticulatus determined. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 15 and observed heterozygosity varied front 0.09 to 0.95. Cross-species amplification of these loci was also successfully achieved in additional species of the same ant subfamily, Myrmicinae. This set of microsatellite markers will be used in studies on the mating system and population genetic structure of Myrmicinae in general and A. decemarticulatus in particular. |
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Address |
[Male, Pierre-Jean G.; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol EDB, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: pjmale@cict.fr |
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CZECH ACAD SCI, INST ENTOMOLOGY |
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ISSN |
1210-5759 |
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Notes |
ISI:000284434300020 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
19 |
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Author |
Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Sonnier, G.; Dreyer, E. |
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Title |
Similar irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits in saplings of 12 tropical rainforest tree species with highly different leaf mass to area ratio |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Plant Biol. |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
342-355 |
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Keywords |
functional diversity; light availability; photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; photosynthetic capacity; tropical rainforest |
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Abstract |
Leaf traits of tropical tree species display an important inter-specific diversity, as detected for instance in the large range of values of leaf mass : area ratio (LMA). They also demonstrate a large irradiance-elicited plasticity, but there is still debate whether this plasticity differs among species. To address this question, leaf traits were recorded on saplings from 12 rainforest tree species in French Guiana, grown under approximately 5, 10 and 20% relative irradiance. Fifteen structural and physiological leaf traits related to photosynthesis were measured. The irradiance-elicited plasticity was quantified using a relative distance plasticity index. A large inter-specific diversity was detected for all leaf traits. A principal component analysis opposed species with a large mass-based photosynthesis, respiration, N content and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, to species with a large leaf mass : area ratio, LMA. The two pioneer species used in this study displayed the largest photosynthetic capacity (and lowest LMA) and ranked at one end of the species continuum. Relative irradiance affected almost all traits with the exception of mass-based photosynthesis. A weak interaction was found between species and relative irradiance and the species ranking was maintained among relative irradiance treatments for the majority of the traits. A principal component analysis of the values of relative-distance plasticity index failed to reveal any consistent patterns of traits or species. We concluded that irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits was similar among species irrespective of LMA and successional status, despite the occurrence of a large inter-specific diversity for the investigated traits. |
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[Dreyer, Erwin] Nancy Univ, INRA, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres 1137, IFR Ecosyst Forestiers Agroressources Biomol & Al, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: dreyer@nancy.inra.fr |
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CSIRO PUBLISHING |
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1445-4408 |
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ISI:000275979100009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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63 |
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