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Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Relationship between growth stress, mechanical-physical properties and proportion of fibre with gelatinous layer in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Holzforschung |
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Holzforschung |
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57 |
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2 |
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189-195 |
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growth stress; longitudinal Young's modulus; shrinkage; normal wood; tension wood; gelatinous layer; Castanea Sativa |
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A range of mechanical and physical properties were determined for 96 specimens of chestnut wood and for wood types ranging from compression to tension wood; tests included (1) growth stress, (2) longitudinal Young's modulus in green and air-dried states (3) shrinkage in longitudinal and tangential directions. Anatomical observations permitted determination of the proportion of fibres with a gelatinous layer. The influence of these atypical fibres on macroscopic wood properties is examined and discussed. A basic model is proposed to determine their properties in theoretically isolated conditions. |
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Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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0018-3830 |
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ISI:000181797800011 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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274 |
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Brémaud, I.; Ruelle, J.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Changes in viscoelastic vibrational properties between compression and normal wood: Roles of microfibril angle and of lignin |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Holzforschung |
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67 |
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1 |
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75-85 |
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Compression wood (CW); Damping coefficient; Ft-Ir; Internal friction; Lignin; Microfibril angle (MFA); Picea abies; Pinus pinaster; Pinus sylvestris; Specific dynamic modulus of elasticity; Viscoelastic vibrational properties |
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This study aims at better understanding the respective influences of specific gravity (γ ), microfibril angle (MFA), and cell wall matrix polymers on viscoelastic vibrational properties of wood in the axial direction. The wide variations of properties between normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) are in focus. Three young bent trees (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster ), which recovered verticality, were sampled. Several observed differences between NW and CW were highly significant in terms of anatomical, physical (γ, shrinkage, CIE Lab colorimetry), mechanical (compressive strength), and vibrational properties. The specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E′/γ) decreases with increasing MFA, and Young's modulus (E′) can be satisfactorily explained by γ and MFA. Apparently, the type of the cell wall polymer matrix is not influential in this regard. The damping coefficient (tan δ) does not depend solely on the MFA of NW and CW. The tanδ-E′/γ relationship evidences that, at equivalent E′/γ, the tan δ of CW is approximately 34% lower than that of NW. This observation is ascribed to the more condensed nature of CW lignins, and this is discussed in the context of previous findings in other hygrothermal and time/frequency domains. It is proposed that the lignin structure and the amount and type of extractives, which are both different in various species, are partly responsible for taxonomy-related damping characteristics. Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston. |
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Wood Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland |
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Export Date: 25 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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471 |
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Dezerald, O.; Talaga, S.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Title |
Environmental determinants of macroinvertebrate diversity in small water bodies: Insights from tank-bromeliads |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Hydrobiologia |
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Hydrobiologia |
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723 |
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1 |
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77-86 |
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Freshwater biodiversity; Linear mixed effect modelling; Microcosms; Phytotelmata; Ponds |
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The interlocking leaves of tank-forming bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) collect rainwater and detritus, thus creating a freshwater habitat for specialized organisms. Their abundance and the possibility of quantifying communities with accuracy give us unparalleled insight into how changes in local to regional environments influence community diversity in small water bodies. We sampled 365 bromeliads (365 invertebrate communities) along a southeastern to northwestern range in French Guiana. Geographic locality determined the species pool for bromeliad invertebrates, and local environments determined the abundance patterns through the selection of traits that are best adapted to the bromeliad habitats. Patterns in community structure mostly emerged from patterns of predator species occurrence and abundance across local-regional environments, while the set of detritivores remained constant. Water volume had a strong positive correlation with invertebrate diversity, making it a biologically relevant measure of the pools' carrying capacity. The significant effects of incoming detritus and incident light show that changes in local environments (e.g., the conversion of forest to cropping systems) strongly influence freshwater communities. Because changes in local environments do not affect detritivores and predators equally, one may expect functional shifts as sets of invertebrates with particular traits are replaced or complemented by other sets with different traits. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. |
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CNRS, EcoLab (UMR-CNRS 5245), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France |
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00188158 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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517 |
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Rodríguez-Pérez, H.; Hilaire, S.; Mesléard, F. |
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Temporary pond ecosystem functioning shifts mediated by the exotic red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): a mesocosm study |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Hydrobiologia |
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Hydrobiologia |
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767 |
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1 |
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333-345 |
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Ecosystem functioning; Exotic crayfish; Procambarus clarkii; Temporary pond |
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Temporary ponds, acknowledged for their conservation value, are colonized by the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii. We have tested the consequences of this colonization for the ecosystem under two contrasted scenarios: one single individual arrival or three individuals arrival. We recreated the temporary pond ecosystem in 1 m2 tanks to investigate the impact of the two crayfish densities. We studied the macrophyte community composition and abundance, chlorophyll a and total suspended solids concentrations, and the diversity and functional composition of micro-crustacean and macro-invertebrate communities. We observed a reduction of macrophyte biomass in experimental crayfish mesocosms in comparison with control tanks, nearly 80 and 40% less in 3 and 1 crayfish/m2 tanks, respectively. The macrophyte community shifted, followed by a filamentous algae development, an increase of bare sediment and turbidity in crayfish tanks. The macro-invertebrate community suffered a richness loss of 28 and 22%, in 3 and 1 crayfish/m2 tanks, respectively. Functionally, macro-invertebrate diversity reduction most strongly affected the grazer, detritivore and predator trophic groups. Microcrustaceans seemed not to be affected by the introduction of the crayfish. The introduction of the crayfish greatly altered the ecosystem structure and subsequently the ecosystem functioning. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. |
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EcoFoG, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS UMR 8172, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 8 February 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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655 |
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Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dezerald, O.; Trzcinski, M.K.; Carrias, J.-F.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Title |
What drives detrital decomposition in neotropical tank bromeliads? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Hydrobiologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hydrobiologia |
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802 |
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1 |
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85-95 |
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Context dependency; Ecosystem function; Food webs; Leaf litter; Phytotelmata; Rainforest |
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Decomposition experiments that control leaf litter species across environments help to disentangle the roles of litter traits and consumer diversity, but once we account for leaf litter effects, they tell us little about the variance in decomposition explained by shifts in environmental conditions versus food-web structure. We evaluated how habitat, food-web structure, leaf litter species, and the interactions between these factors affect litter mass loss in a neotropical ecosystem. We used water-filled bromeliads to conduct a reciprocal transplant experiment of two litter species between an open and a forested habitat in French Guiana, and coarse- and fine-mesh enclosures embedded within bromeliads to exclude invertebrates or allow them to colonize leaf litter disks. Soft Melastomataceae leaves decomposed faster in their home habitat, whereas tough Eperua leaves decomposed equally in both habitats. Bacterial densities did not differ significantly between the two habitats. Significant shifts in the identity and biomass of invertebrate detritivores across habitats did not generate differences in leaf litter decomposition, which was essentially microbial. Despite the obvious effects of habitats on food-web structure, ecosystem processes are not necessarily affected. Our results pose the question of when does environmental determinism matter for ecosystem functions, and when does it not. © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. |
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IRD – UMR AMAP, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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775 |
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Céréghino, R.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F. |
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Ecological determinants of community structure across the trophic levels of freshwater food webs: a test using bromeliad phytotelmata |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Hydrobiologia |
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Hydrobiologia |
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847 |
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2 |
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391-402 |
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Environmental filtering; Functional group; Neotropical; Niche; Trophic interactions; alga; assembly rule; bacterium; community structure; ecological modeling; environmental conditions; food web; freshwater ecosystem; functional group; Neotropic Ecozone; niche; protozoan; taxonomy; trophic interaction; trophic level; algae; Invertebrata; Protozoa |
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Understanding the relative importance of habitat and biotic drivers on community assembly across food web components is an important step towards predicting the consequences of environmental changes. Because documenting entire food webs is often impractical, this question has been only partially investigated. Here, we partitioned variation in species assemblages of the major components of tank bromeliad food webs (bacteria, algae, protozoans, detritivorous and predatory invertebrates) into habitat and biotic determinants and examined the influence of habitat variables and predator or prey abundance on all taxonomic assemblages. Ecological determinism of assemblage structure ranged from weak in bacteria (< 10% of the explained variance) to strong in predatory invertebrates (90%). Habitat features and canopy openness significantly influenced species assemblages; however, prey or predator density had far and away the most significant structuring effects. If biotic forces are at least as important as the abiotic forces while the importance of stochasticity declines towards upper trophic levels, then trophic levels could respond differently to natural or anthropogenic disturbance and to shifts in species distributions. The effects of such differential responses on food web reconfiguration, however, remain to be elucidated. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. |
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UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), Kourou, 97310, France |
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Springer |
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00188158 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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996 |
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Solander, K.C.; Newman, B.D.; Carioca De Araujo, A.; Barnard, H.R.; Berry, Z.C.; Bonal, D.; Bretfeld, M.; Burban, B.; Candido, L.A.; Célleri, R.; Chambers, J.Q.; Christoffersen, B.O.; Detto, M.; Dorigo, W.A.; Ewers, B.E.; Ferreira, S.J.F.; Knohl, A.; Leung, L.R.; McDowell, N.G.; Miller, G.R.; Monteiro, M.T.F.; Moore, G.W.; Negron-Juarez, R.; Saleska, S.R.; Stiegler, C.; Tomasella, J.; Xu, C. |
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Title |
The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
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Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |
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24 |
Issue |
5 |
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2303-2322 |
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Cluster analysis; Oceanography; Soil moisture; Surface waters; Tropics; Climate anomalies; Clustered datum; Hydrologic changes; Land data assimilation systems; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Situ soil moistures; Tropical hydrologies; Tropical Pacific ocean; Soil surveys |
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The 2015–2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997–1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015–2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25∘) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982–1983, 1997–1998 and 2015–2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2=0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales. |
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Coordination of Research and Development, National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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10275606 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 29 May 2020; Correspondence Address: Solander, K.C.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National LaboratoryUnited States; email: ksolander@lanl.gov |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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934 |
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Ruelle, J.; Clair, B.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
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Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 2. Comparison of some anatomical and ultrastructural criteria |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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IAWA Journal |
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IAWA J. |
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27 |
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4 |
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341-376 |
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tension wood; opposite wood; tropical rain forest; vessels; wood anatomy; wood fibre |
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The anatomy of tension wood and opposite wood was compared in 21 tropical rain forest trees from 21 species belonging to 18 families from French Guyana. Wood specimens were taken from the upper and lower sides of naturally tilted trees. Measurement of the growth stress level ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile-stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood and normally tensile-stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Quantitative parameters relating to fibres and vessels were measured on transverse sections of both tension and opposite wood to check if certain criteria can easily discriminate the two kinds of wood. We observed a decrease in the frequency of vessels in the tension wood in all the trees studied. Other criteria concerning shape and surface area of the vessels, fibre diameter or cell wall thickness did not reveal any general trend. At the ultrastructural level, we observed that the microfibril angle in the tension wood sample was lower than in opposite wood in all the trees except one (Licania membranacea). |
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UAG, ENGREF,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA,ECOFOG, CIRAD,CNRS, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr |
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INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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0928-1541 |
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ISI:000242437400001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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171 |
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Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
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Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 1. Occurrence and efficiency of the G-layer |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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IAWA Journal |
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IAWA J. |
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27 |
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3 |
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329-338 |
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gelatinous layer; G-layer; French Guyana; tropical rain forest; tension wood; wood anatomy |
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Wood samples were taken from the upper and lower sides of 21 naturally tilted trees from 18 families of angiosperms in the tropical rain forest in French Guyana. The measurement of growth stresses ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood, and lower tensile stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Eight species had tension wood fibres with a distinct gelatinous layer (G-layer). The distribution of gelatinous fibres varied from species to species. One of the species, Casearia javitensis (Flacourtiaceae), showed a peculiar multilayered secondary wall in its reaction wood. Comparison between the stress level and the occurrence of the G-layer indicates that the G-layer is not a key factor in the production of high tensile stressed wood. |
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UAG, INRA, ENGREF, CIRAD CNRS,ECOFOG,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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0928-1541 |
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ISI:000240542400008 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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176 |
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Clair, B.; Gril, J.; Baba, K.; Thibaut, B.; Sugiyama, J. |
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Precautions for the structural analysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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IAWA Journal |
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IAWA J. |
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26 |
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2 |
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189-195 |
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artefact; fibre wall; gelatinous layer (G-layer); tension wood |
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The gelatinous layer (G-layer) of tension wood fibres in hardwood contributes to the mechanical function of the living tree and has significant consequences on properties of solid wood. Its size, shape and structure observed by optical or electron microscopy exhibits characteristic anatomical features. However, we found that sectioning of non-embedded wood samples results in an uncontrolled swelling of the G-layer. In order to assess this artefact, the shape and thickness of the G-layer was monitored by serial sections from an embedded wood sample, from its trimmed transverse face to that located several hundreds of micrometres deep. The results revealed that the initial cutting before embedding produced a border effect responsible for the swollen nature, which is similar to sections from non-embedded material. After a conventional embedding technique was applied, a section of at least 30 micrometres below the trimming surface is required to observe an un-swollen G-layer. |
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Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Lab Biomass Morphogenesis & Informat, Kyoto 6110011, Japan, Email: clair@blmgc.univ.montp2.fr |
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INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0928-1541 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
ISI:000229698100003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
254 |
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