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Author |
Aimene, Y.; Vidal-Salle, E.; Hagege, B.; Sidoroff, F.; Boisse, P. |
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Title |
A Hyperelastic Approach for Composite Reinforcement Large Deformation Analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Composite Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Compos Mater. |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5-26 |
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Keywords |
hyperelasticity; woven reinforcements; forming; fabric mechanical behavior; finite element |
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Abstract |
A hyperelastic constitutive model is developed for textile composite reinforcement at large strain. A potential is proposed, which is the addition of two tension and one shear energies. The proposed potential is a function of the right Cauchy Green and structural tensor invariants whose choice corresponds to textile composite reinforcement mechanical behavior which exhibits weak elongations in the fiber directions and large angular variations in the fabric plane. The model is implemented in a Vumat user routine of ABAQUS/Explicit. Some elementary tests are performed in order to identify the model and verify its validity. It is then used to simulate the hemispherical punch forming of balanced and unbalanced fabrics. A correct agreement is obtained with experimental forming processes. |
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Address |
[Aimene, Y.; Vidal-Salle, E.; Boisse, P.] Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, LaMCoS, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France, Email: philippe.boisse@insa-lyon.fr |
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SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD |
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ISSN |
0021-9983 |
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Notes  |
ISI:000273509100001 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
84 |
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Author |
Picard, N.; Mortier, F.; Rossi, V.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
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Title |
Clustering species using a model of population dynamics and aggregation theory |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
221 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
152-160 |
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Keywords |
Aggregation theory; Species grouping; Species richness; Tropical rainforest; Usher model |
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Abstract |
The high species diversity of some ecosystems like tropical rainforests goes in pair with the scarcity of data for most species. This hinders the development of models that require enough data for fitting. The solution commonly adopted by modellers consists in grouping species to form more sizeable data sets. Classical methods for grouping species such as hierarchical cluster analysis do not take account of the variability of the species characteristics used for clustering. In this study a clustering method based on aggregation theory is presented. It takes account of the variability of species characteristics by searching for the grouping that minimizes the quadratic error (square bias plus variance) of some model's prediction. This method allows one to check whether the gain in variance brought by data pooling compensate for the bias that it introduces. This method was applied to a data set on 94 tree species in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, using a Usher matrix model to predict species dynamics. An optimal trade-off between bias and variance was found when grouping species. Grouping species appeared to decrease the quadratic error, except when the number of groups was very small. This clustering method yielded species groups similar to those of the hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's method when variance was small, that is when the number of groups was small. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Picard, Nicolas; Mortier, Frederic; Rossi, Vivien; Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie] CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: nicolas.picard@cirad.fr |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000273628800004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
85 |
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Pickett, K.M.; Carpenter, J.M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
“Basal” but not primitive: the nest of Apoica arborea de Saussure, 1854 (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Zoosystema |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zoosystema |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
945-948 |
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Keywords |
Insecta; Hymenoptera; Vespidae; Polistinae; Apoica; social wasps; nest architecture; mosaic evolution |
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Abstract |
The first nest of Apoica arborea ever collected is reported. Characteristics of the unusual nest design are discussed relative to other members of the genus Apoica and other epiponine genera. The characteristics of its nest architecture are a mosaic of primitive and derived features for the Polistinae, and thus the nest design is not properly interpreted as the primitive condition from which other swarm-founding wasp nest designs are derived. The frequent conflation of “basal” and primitive is discussed. |
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[Pickett, Kurt M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA, Email: kurt.pickett@uvm.edu |
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PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSEUM, PARIS |
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ISSN |
1280-9551 |
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Notes |
ISI:000273733000008 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
188 |
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Author |
Conte, D.E.; Aboulaich, A.; Robert, F.; Olivier-Fourcade, J.; Jumas, J.C.; Jordy, C.; Willmann, P. |
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Title |
Sn-x[BPO4](1-x) composites as negative electrodes for lithium ion cells: Comparison with amorphous SnB0.6P0.4O2.9 and effect of composition |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Solid State Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Solid State Chem. |
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Volume |
183 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
65-75 |
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Keywords |
Sn-based composites; Lithium-ion batteries; Negative electrodes; Mossbauer spectroscopy; LixSn alloys |
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Abstract |
A comparative study of two Sn-based composite materials as negative electrode for Li-ion accumulators is presented. The former SnB0.6P0.4O2.9 obtained by in-situ dispersion of SnO in an oxide matrix is shown to be an amorphous tin composite oxide (ATCO). The latter Sn-0.72[BPO4](0.28) obtained by ex-situ dispersion of Sri in a borophosphate matrix consists of Sri particles embedded in a crystalline BPO4 matrix. The electrochemical responses of ATCO and Sn-0.72.[BPO4](0.28) composite in galvanostatic mode show reversible capacities of about 450 and 530 mAhg(-1), respectively, with different irreversible capacities (60% and 29%). Analysis of these composite materials by Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopy in transmission (TMS) and emission (CEMS) modes confirms that ATCO is an amorphous Sn-II composite oxide and shows that in the case of Sn-0.72[BPO4](0.28), the Surface of the tin clusters is mainly formed by Sn-II in an amorphous interface whereas the bulk of the clusters is mainly formed by Sn-0. The determination of the recoilless free fractions f (Lamb-Mossbauer factors) leads to the effective fraction of both Sn-0 and Sn-II species in such composites. The influence of chemical composition and especially of the surface-to-bulk tin species ratio oil the electrochemical behaviour has been analysed for several Sn-x[BPO4](1-x) composite materials (0.17 < x < 0.91). The cell using the compound Sn-0.72[BPO4](0.28) as active material exhibits interesting electrochemical performances (reversible capacity of 500 mAh g(-1) at C/5 rate). (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Conte, Donato Ercole; Aboulaich, Abdelmaula; Robert, Florent; Olivier-Fourcade, Josette; Jumas, Jean-Claude] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5253,Inst Charles Gerhardt, Equipe Agregats Interfaces & Mat Energie, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: iguanasornione@libero.it |
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ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE |
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ISSN |
0022-4596 |
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Notes |
ISI:000273834600010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
83 |
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Author |
Chave, J.; Navarrete, D.; Almeida, S.; Alvarez, E.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Bonal, D.; Chatelet, P.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Goret, J.Y.; von Hildebrand, P.; Jimenez, E.; Patino, S.; Penuela, M.C.; Phillips, O.L.; Stevenson, P.; Malhi, Y. |
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Title |
Regional and seasonal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-55 |
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Abstract |
The production of aboveground soft tissue represents an important share of total net primary production in tropical rain forests. Here we draw from a large number of published and unpublished datasets (n=81 sites) to assess the determinants of litterfall variation across South American tropical forests. We show that across old-growth tropical rainforests, litterfall averages 8.61 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation, in dry mass units). Secondary forests have a lower annual litterfall than old-growth tropical forests with a mean of 8.01 +/- 3.41 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Annual litterfall shows no significant variation with total annual rainfall, either globally or within forest types. It does not vary consistently with soil type, except in the poorest soils (white sand soils), where litterfall is significantly lower than in other soil types (5.42 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)). We also study the determinants of litterfall seasonality, and find that it does not depend on annual rainfall or on soil type. However, litterfall seasonality is significantly positively correlated with rainfall seasonality. Finally, we assess how much carbon is stored in reproductive organs relative to photosynthetic organs. Mean leaf fall is 5.74 +/- 1.83 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (71% of total litterfall). Mean allocation into reproductive organs is 0.69 +/- 0.40 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (9% of total litterfall). The investment into reproductive organs divided by leaf litterfall increases with soil fertility, suggesting that on poor soils, the allocation to photosynthetic organs is prioritized over that to reproduction. Finally, we discuss the ecological and biogeochemical implications of these results. |
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Address |
[Chave, J.] CNRS UPS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, Toulouse, France, Email: chave@cict.fr |
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COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH |
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ISSN |
1726-4170 |
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Notes |
ISI:000274058100004 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
70 |
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Author |
Scotti, I.; Calvo-Vialettes, L.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Citterio, M.; Degen, B.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Genetic variation for growth, morphological, and physiological traits in a wild population of the Neotropical shade tolerant rainforest tree Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
319-329 |
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Keywords |
Ecophysiological traits; Heritability; Guiana shield; Amazon; Ecological genetics |
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Abstract |
Quantitative genetic diversity is a fundamental component of the interaction between natural populations and their environment. In breeding programmes, quantitative genetic studies on tropical trees have so far focused on fast-growing, light-demanding species, but no information exists on shade-tolerant, slow-growing species. For this study, 27 3-year-old open-pollinated families of the Neotropical shade-tolerant rainforest tree Sextonia rubra were measured in semicontrolled conditions for 20 morphological, growth, and photosynthesis traits; the effect of genetic relatedness, habitat of provenance, and mother tree status on seedling traits was analysed. Nine traits displayed significant genetic effects, while mother tree status and habitat effects were not significant (P > 0.05) for an y trait. Estimated heritability varied between 0.14 and 0.28, with growth-related traits having the highest values. Additive genetic variation correlated positively with nonheritable variation, suggesting that ecological-evolutionary factors increasing or decreasing additive genetic variance may also affect nonheritable variation in the same direction. Our results suggest that quantitative genetic variability should be taken into account in ecological studies on, and in the management of, natural tropical rainforests; further research is needed to investigate genetic x environment interactions, in particular from the point of view of the genetic response of shade-tolerant plant species to variations in light availability. |
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Address |
[Scotti, Ivan; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Bonal, Damien] INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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SPRINGER HEIDELBERG |
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ISSN |
1614-2942 |
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Notes |
ISI:000274112600015 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
68 |
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Author |
Roux, O.; Billen, J.; Orivel, J.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
An Overlooked Mandibular-Rubbing Behavior Used during Recruitment by the African Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e8957 |
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Abstract |
In Oecophylla, an ant genus comprising two territorially dominant arboreal species, workers are known to (1) use anal spots to mark their territories, (2) drag their gaster along the substrate to deposit short-range recruitment trails, and (3) drag the extruded rectal gland along the substrate to deposit the trails used in long-range recruitment. Here we study an overlooked but important marking behavior in which O. longinoda workers first rub the underside of their mandibles onto the substrate, and then-in a surprising posture-tilt their head and also rub the upper side of their mandibles. We demonstrate that this behavior is used to recruit nestmates. Its frequency varies with the rate at which a new territory, a sugary food source, a prey item, or an alien ant are discovered. Microscopy analyses showed that both the upper side and the underside of the mandibles possess pores linked to secretory glands. So, by rubbing their mandibles onto the substrate, the workers probably spread a secretion from these glands that is involved in nestmate recruitment. |
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[Roux, Olivier; Dejean, Alain] CNRS, UMR, Kourou, France, Email: oroux@cict.fr |
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Publisher |
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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Notes |
ISI:000274209700003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
82 |
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Author |
Coutand, C.; Chevolot, M.; Lacointe, A.; Rowe, N.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Mechanosensing of stem bending and its interspecific variability in five neotropical rainforest species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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Volume |
105 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
341-347 |
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Keywords |
Mechanosensing; interspecific variability; trees; lianas; rain forest; neotropical species; bending; biomechanics; Bauhinia; Eperua; Symphonia; Tachigali |
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Abstract |
In rain forests, sapling survival is highly dependent on the regulation of trunk slenderness (height/diameter ratio): shade-intolerant species have to grow in height as fast as possible to reach the canopy but also have to withstand mechanical loadings (wind and their own weight) to avoid buckling. Recent studies suggest that mechanosensing is essential to control tree dimensions and stability-related morphogenesis. Differences in species slenderness have been observed among rainforest trees; the present study thus investigates whether species with different slenderness and growth habits exhibit differences in mechanosensitivity. Recent studies have led to a model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strains model) that predicts a quantitative relationship between the applied sum of longitudinal strains and the plant's responses in the case of a single bending. Saplings of five different neotropical species (Eperua falcata, E. grandiflora, Tachigali melinonii, Symphonia globulifera and Bauhinia guianensis) were subjected to a regimen of controlled mechanical loading phases (bending) alternating with still phases over a period of 2 months. Mechanical loading was controlled in terms of strains and the five species were subjected to the same range of sum of strains. The application of the sum-of-strain model led to a dose-response curve for each species. Dose-response curves were then compared between tested species. The model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strain model) applied in the case of multiple bending as long as the bending frequency was low. A comparison of dose-response curves for each species demonstrated differences in the stimulus threshold, suggesting two groups of responses among the species. Interestingly, the liana species B. guianensis exhibited a higher threshold than other Leguminosae species tested. This study provides a conceptual framework to study variability in plant mechanosensing and demonstrated interspecific variability in mechanosensing. |
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Address |
[Coutand, Catherine; Lacointe, Andre] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, PIAF, UMR 547, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: coutand@clermont.inra.fr |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0305-7364 |
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Notes |
ISI:000274347000025 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
71 |
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Author |
Schwalm, C.R.; Williams, C.A.; Schaefer, K.; Arneth, A.; Bonal, D.; Buchmann, N.; Chen, J.Q.; Law, B.E.; Lindroth, A.; Luyssaert, S.; Reichstein, M.; Richardson, A.D. |
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Title |
Assimilation exceeds respiration sensitivity to drought: A FLUXNET synthesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
657-670 |
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Keywords |
biome; carbon cycling; drought; eddy covariance; evaporative fraction; FLUXNET; synthesis |
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Abstract |
The intensification of the hydrological cycle, with an observed and modeled increase in drought incidence and severity, underscores the need to quantify drought effects on carbon cycling and the terrestrial sink. FLUXNET, a global network of eddy covariance towers, provides dense data streams of meteorological data, and through flux partitioning and gap filling algorithms, estimates of net ecosystem productivity (F-NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (P), and ecosystem respiration (R). We analyzed the functional relationship of these three carbon fluxes relative to evaporative fraction (EF), an index of drought and site water status, using monthly data records from 238 micrometeorological tower sites distributed globally across 11 biomes. The analysis was based on relative anomalies of both EF and carbon fluxes and focused on drought episodes by biome and climatic season. Globally P was approximate to 50% more sensitive to a drought event than R. Network-wide drought-induced decreases in carbon flux averaged -16.6 and -9.3 g C m-2 month-1 for P and R, i.e., drought events induced a net decline in the terrestrial sink. However, in evergreen forests and wetlands drought was coincident with an increase in P or R during parts of the growing season. The most robust relationships between carbon flux and EF occurred during climatic spring for F-NEP and in climatic summer for P and R. Upscaling flux sensitivities to a global map showed that spatial patterns for all three carbon fluxes were linked to the distribution of croplands. Agricultural areas exhibited the highest sensitivity whereas the tropical region had minimal sensitivity to drought. Combining gridded flux sensitivities with their uncertainties and the spatial grid of FLUXNET revealed that a more robust quantification of carbon flux response to drought requires additional towers in all biomes of Africa and Asia as well as in the cropland, shrubland, savannah, and wetland biomes globally. |
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Address |
[Schwalm, Christopher R.; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA, Email: cschwalm@clarku.edu |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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ISSN |
1354-1013 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000274419400014 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
69 |
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Author |
Dejean, A.; Fisher, B.L.; Corbara, B.; Rarevohitra, R.; Randrianaivo, R.; Rajemison, B.; Leponce, M. |
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Title |
Spatial Distribution of Dominant Arboreal Ants in a Malagasy Coastal Rainforest: Gaps and Presence of an Invasive Species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e9319 |
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Abstract |
We conducted a survey along three belt transects located at increasing distances from the coast to determine whether a non-random arboreal ant assemblage, such as an ant mosaic, exists in the rainforest on the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. In most tropical rainforests, very populous colonies of territorially dominant arboreal ant species defend absolute territories distributed in a mosaic pattern. Among the 29 ant species recorded, only nine had colonies large enough to be considered potentially territorially dominant; the remaining species had smaller colonies and were considered non-dominant. Nevertheless, the null-model analyses used to examine the spatial structure of their assemblages did not reveal the existence of an ant mosaic. Inland, up to 44% of the trees were devoid of dominant arboreal ants, something not reported in other studies. While two Crematogaster species were not associated with one another, Brachymyrmex cordemoyi was positively associated with Technomyrmex albipes, which is considered an invasive species-a non-indigenous species that has an adverse ecological effect on the habitats it invades. The latter two species and Crematogaster ranavalonae were mutually exclusive. On the other hand, all of the trees in the coastal transect and at least 4 km of coast were occupied by T. albipes, and were interconnected by columns of workers. Technomyrmex albipes workers collected from different trees did not attack each other during confrontation tests, indicating that this species has formed a supercolony along the coast. Yet interspecific aggressiveness did occur between T. albipes and Crematogaster ranavalonae, a native species which is likely territorially dominant based on our intraspecific confrontation tests. These results suggest that the Masoala rainforest is threatened by a potential invasion by T. albipes, and that the penetration of this species further inland might be facilitated by the low density of native, territorially dominant arboreal ants normally able to limit its progression. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech 8172, Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000274923700021 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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81 |
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