| Records |
| Author |
Almeras, T.; Thibaut, A.; Gril, J. |
| Title |
Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Trees-Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees-Struct. Funct. |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
457-467 |
| Keywords |
biomechanics; reaction wood; maturation strain; Young's modulus; eccentricity |
| Abstract |
Active mechanisms of re-orientation are necessary to maintain the verticality of tree stems. They are achieved through the production of reaction wood, associated with circumferential variations of three factors related to cambial activity: maturation strain, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (MOE) and eccentric growth. These factors were measured on 17 mature trees from different botanical families and geographical locations. Various patterns of circumferential variation of these factors were identified. A biomechanical analysis based on beam theory was performed to quantify the individual impact of each factor. The main factor of re-orientation is the circumferential variation of maturation strains. However, this factor alone explains only 57% of the re-orientations. Other factors also have an effect through their interaction with maturation strains. Eccentric growth is generally associated with heterogeneity of maturation strains, and has an important complementary role, by increasing the width of wood with high maturation strain. Without this factor, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 31% for angiosperms and 26% for gymnosperms. In the case of angiosperms, MOE is often larger in tension wood than in normal wood. Without these variations, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 13%. In the case of gymnosperm trees, MOE of compression wood is lower than that of normal wood, so that re-orientation efficiency would be increased by 24% without this factor of variations. |
| Address |
Nagoya Univ, Lab Biomat Phys, Dept Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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| Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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| ISSN |
0931-1890 |
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Notes  |
ISI:000229890700012 |
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no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
253 |
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| Author |
Delaval, M.; Henry, M.; Charles-Dominique, P. |
| Title |
Interspecific competition and niche partitioning: Example of a neotropical rainforest bat community |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
149-165 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
To understand the organization of a bat community and the coexistence of sympatric species, it is essential to understand how species use and share common resources. First, we describe a bat community in a primary rainforest of French Guiana. The presence of particular roosting sites, such as caves, and the absence of disturbances are important local factors in structuring communities. In the course of this study, we focused on the three most common species of three vegetarian bat guilds (understorey frugivores, canopy frugivores and nectarivores). The local coexistence of these species is possible thanks to space, food and/or time partitioning. Space partitioning is consistent with the hypothesis that smaller bats with a more manoeuvrable flight tend to occupy more cluttered space less attractive to their competitors and have smaller home range. We observed a time partitioning that is likely to reduce competition among some frugivorous bat species by reducing direct interference during foraging. Besides an interest for the field community ecology, this study of a community living in a primary forest can be used as a reference for non disturbed habitat for conservation purposes. |
| Address |
Dept Ecol & Gestion Biodivers, UMR 5176, F-91800 Brunoy, France, Email: marguerite.delaval@wanadoo.fr |
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| Publisher |
SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE |
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| ISSN |
0249-7395 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000230973300005 |
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no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
231 |
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| Author |
Bereau, M.; Bonal, D.; Louisanna, E.; Garbaye, J. |
| Title |
Do mycorrhizas improve tropical tree seedling performance under water stress and low light conditions? A case study with Dicorynia guianensis (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
375-381 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; leaf gas exchange; mycorrhizal symbiosis; tropical forest; water limitation |
| Abstract |
We tested the response of seedlings of Diconyina guianensis, a major timber tree species of French Guiana, to mycorrhizal symbiosis and water limitation in a semi-con trolled experiment under natural light conditions. Under well-watered conditions, mycorrhizal colonization resulted in an increase of net photosynthesis, growth and phosphorus uptake. When submitted to water stress, no growth reduction of mycorrhizal seedlings was observed. Mycorrhizal seedlings were more sensitive to drought than non-mycorrhizal ones in terms of carbon assimilation, but not with regard to stomatal closure. In contrast to previous studies on temperate tree seedlings, this result precludes a mycorrhizal effect on the hydraulic properties of this species. Furthermore, our results suggest that below a specific threshold of soil moisture, carbon assimilation of D. guianensis seedlings was decreased by the mycorrhizal symbiosis. This is probably related to the competition between the plant and its host fungus for carbon allocation under low light intensity, even though it did not seem to have a significant effect on mortality in our experiment. |
| Address |
UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: bercau.m@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0266-4674 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231009300003 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
232 |
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| Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
| Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
| Volume |
86 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2461-2472 |
| Keywords |
canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
| Abstract |
We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
| Address |
Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0012-9658 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231373600021 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
252 |
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| Author |
Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Imbert, P.; Born, C.; Bonal, D.; Dreyer, E. |
| Title |
Leaf photosynthetic traits of 14 tropical rain forest species in relation to leaf nitrogen concentration and shade tolerance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1127-1137 |
| Keywords |
functional diversity; leaf carbon; leaf nitrogen; nitrogen-use efficiency; photosynthetic capacity; tropical rain forest |
| Abstract |
Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and mass-based leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relative N allocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leaf N invested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity. We also used PCA to test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA. We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leaf N concentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species. |
| Address |
CNRS Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA, ENGREF,CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0829-318X |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231555200005 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
230 |
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| Author |
Picard, N.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Sist, P. |
| Title |
Using process-dependent groups of species to model the dynamics of a tropical rainforest |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Modelling Forest Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
237-248 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The high tree species diversity in tropical forests is difficult to take into account in models. The usual solution consists of defining groups of species and then adjusting a set of parameters for each group. In this study, we address this issue by allowing a species to move from one species group to another, depending on the biological process that is concerned. We developed this approach with a matrix model of forest dynamics, for a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, at Paracou, focusing on the methodological aspects. The forest dynamics is split into three components: recruitment, growth and mortality. We then built five recruitment groups, five growth groups and five mortality groups. One species is characterized by a combination of the three groups, thus yielding in total 5 X 5 X 5 = 125 possibilities, out of which 43 are actually observed. The resulting matrix model provides a better view of the floristic composition of the forest, and does not have more parameters than it would have with five global species groups. However, its predictions are no more precise than those of the matrix model based on five global groups. |
| Address |
Cirad Foret, Montpellier, France |
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| Publisher |
CABI PUBLISHING |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231866400021 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
249 |
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| Author |
Roggy, J.C.; Nicolini, E.; Imbert, P.; Caraglio, Y.; Bosc, A.; Heuret, P. |
| Title |
Links between tree structure and functional leaf traits in the tropical forest tree Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
553-564 |
| Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; leaf structure; functional leaf traits; plasticity; tree structure |
| Abstract |
This study looked at the interactive effects of tree architectural stage of development (ASD) and light availability on different plant traits (growth parameters, leaf morpho-anatomy and photosynthetic capacities) in the tropical species Dicorynia guianensis. A qualitative architectural analysis was used to categorize tree individuals sampled along a natural light gradient. The results show that some traits could have an ASD-dependence at the whole plant and leaf level without control of light. The changes observed relate to vigour thresholds the plant has to reach to shift from one ASD to another (i.e., the number of nodes and the internodes length per Growth Unit). Light conditions do not modify these thresholds but may modify the time they are crossed. Tree height was found strongly modulated by light conditions; hence, at a similar height, individuals may belong to different ASD. At the functional level, a decrease in N-m, and A(maxm) was observed with increasing light availability, while N-a increased and A(maxa) remained unaffected. An ASD effect was also observed on Amaxa and LMA but not on Amaxm. These results demonstrated a weak ability of photosynthetic plasticity in response to light conditions, and that variations of leaf photosynthetic variables according to ASD can be explained by modifications in leaf nitrogen and LMA. Questions on the reliability of a height-based sampling strategy for evaluating the phenotypic plasticity of trees in relation to light conditions are raised. |
| Address |
INRA, Ecol Forets Guyane, ENGREF, UMR CIRAD, F-97387 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000232084400009 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
229 |
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| Author |
Liu, S.Q.; Loup, C.; Gril, J.; Dumonceaud, O.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
| Title |
Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
625-632 |
| Keywords |
Fagus sylvatica L.; CIELab colour system; solid wood; red heartwood |
| Abstract |
Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the radial variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effects on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was still a highly significant effect of site and tree. Axial and radial variations were small, except very near the pith or in red heartwood, suggesting possible early selection at periphery under colour criteria. Red heartwood is darker, redder and more yellow than normal peripheral wood. |
| Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: jgril@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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| Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000233179100003 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
251 |
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| Author |
Baraloto, C.; Forget, P.M.; Goldberg, D.E. |
| Title |
Seed mass, seedling size and neotropical tree seedling establishment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
| Volume |
93 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1156-1166 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; life-history trade-offs; microhabitat; path analysis; regeneration strategy; relative growth rate; seedling survival; shade tolerance |
| Abstract |
1 We examined among- and within-species effects of seed mass for seedling establishment from seed to 5 years of age in a field experiment at Paracou, French Guiana. 2 Six seeds of each of eight species were weighed and planted into each of 120 plots (1 m(2)) throughout closed-canopy forest along 12 100-m transects in 1998. 3 We described the microhabitat of each planting site using principal components derived from measurements of light availability, soil moisture, carbon and nitrogen content, and soil phosphorus availability. Although both survival and relative growth rate (RGR) increased with increasing light availability, no other microhabitat variable significantly affected seedling performance. Nor did the magnitude of microhabitat effects on survival or RGR differ among species. 4 Larger-seeded species were more likely to survive from germination to 1 year as well as from 1 to 5 years of age. RGR for seedling height during the first year post-germination was not related to seed mass, but smaller-seeded species did grow slightly faster thereafter. Path analyses revealed that correlations between seed mass and performance were explained in part because larger seeds produced larger initial seedlings, which tended to survive better but grow more slowly. 5 We also analysed within-species effects of seed mass for the larger-seeded Eperua grandiflora and Vouacapoua americana (both Caesalpiniaceae). Larger seeds produced larger seedlings in both species, but larger seeds survived better only for Eperua. Larger seedlings grew more slowly in both species, but did not offset the early (Eperua) and later (Vouacapoua) positive direct effects of seed mass on RGR that may represent contrasting strategies for reserve deployment. 6 Our results demonstrate that seed size influences performance within and among species in part because of indirect effects of initial seedling size. However, we suggest that traits tightly correlated with seed mass at the species level, such as specific leaf area, leaf longevity and photosynthetic capacity, may also contribute to interspecific performance differences. |
| Address |
Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Ecol & Gest Biodivers, UMR 5176, CNRS, Brunoy, France, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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| ISSN |
0022-0477 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000233287500012 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
250 |
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| Author |
Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Blanc, L.; Picard, N.; Sist, P.; Dick, J.; Nasi, R.; Swaine, M.D.; Forni, E. |
| Title |
Grouping species for predicting mixed tropical forest dynamics: looking for a strategy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
785-796 |
| Keywords |
cross-comparisons; functional groups; modelling strategy; species classifications |
| Abstract |
The high species diversity of mixed tropical forests hinders the development of forest dynamic models. A solution commonly adopted is to cluster species in groups. There are various methods for grouping species that can be linked to three strategies (i) the ecological subjective strategy, (ii) the ecological data-driven strategy, and (iii) the dynamic process strategy. In the first two strategies a species will be assigned to a single group while in the latter strategy, a specific grouping is defined for each process of population dynamics ( typically based on recruitment, growth, mortality). Little congruency or convergence is observed in the literature between any two classifications of species. This may be explained by the independence between the sets of tree characters used to build species groups, or by the intra-specific variability of these characters. We therefore recommend the dynamic process strategy as the most convenient strategy for building groups of species. |
| Address |
Cirad Foret, F-34398 Montpellier, France, Email: sylvie.gourlet-fleury@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000233972500001 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
228 |
| Permanent link to this record |
