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Author |
Dutech, C.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Title |
Gene flow, historical population dynamics and genetic diversity within French Guianan populations of a rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Heredity |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
69-77 |
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Keywords |
bottleneck; climatic change; extinction-recolonization; microsatellite; neotropical rainforest; pollen and seed dispersal |
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Abstract |
Both gene flow and historical events influence the genetic diversity of natural populations. One way to understand their respective impact is to analyze population genetic structure at large spatial scales. We studied the distribution of genetic diversity of 17 populations of Vouacapoua americana (Caesalpiniaceae) in French Guiana, using nine micro satellite loci. Low genetic diversity was observed within populations, with a mean allelic richness and gene diversity of 4.1 and 0.506, respectively, which could be due to low effective population size and/or past bottlenecks. Using the regression between F-st/(1-F-st), estimated between pairs of populations, and the logarithm of the geographical distance, the spatial genetic structure can partly be explained by isolation-by-distance and limited gene flow among populations. This result is in agreement with the species' biology, including seed and pollen dispersal by rodents and insects, respectively. In contrast, no clear genetic signal of historical events was found when examining genetic differentiation among populations in relation to biogeographical hypotheses or by testing for bottlenecks within populations. Our conclusion is that nuclear spatial genetic structure of V. americana, at the geographic scale of French Guiana, is better explained by gene flow rather than by historical events. |
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Address |
Cirad Foret Silvolab, Lab Genet & Ecol Mol, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: cdutech@bordeaux.inra.fr |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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ISSN |
0018-067X |
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ISI:000188431700003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
240 |
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Author |
de Grandcourt, A.; Epron, D.; Montpied, P.; Louisanna, E.; Bereau, M.; Garbaye, J.; Guehl, J.M. |
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Title |
Contrasting responses to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus availability in seedlings of two tropical rainforest tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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Volume |
161 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
865-875 |
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Keywords |
phosphorus; growth; efficiency; Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas; tropical rainforest; seedlings; Dicorynia guianensis; Eperua falcata |
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Abstract |
This work aimed at understanding the role of mycorrhizal status in phosphorus efficiency of tree seedlings in the tropical rainforest of French Guyana. Mycorrhizal colonization, growth, phosphorus content, net photosynthesis and root respiration were determined on three occasions during a 9-month growth period for seedlings of two co-occurring species (Dicorynia guianensis and Eperua falcata) grown at three soil phosphorus concentrations, with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Seedlings of both species were unable to absorb phosphorus in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited coils that are specific of Paris-type mycorrhizae. Both species benefited from the mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of phosphorus acquisition but the growth of E. falcata seedlings was unresponsive to this mycorrhizal improvement of phosphorus status, probably because of the combination of high seed mass and P reserves, with low growth rate. The two species belong to two different functional groups regarding phosphorus acquisition, D. guianensis being an obligate mycotrophic species. |
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Address |
Univ Franche Comte, Lab Biol & Ecophysiol, F-25211 Montbeliard, France, Email: daniel.epron@scbiol.uhp-nancy.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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0028-646X |
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ISI:000188646500022 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
239 |
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Author |
Le Guen, V.; Rodier-Goud, M.; Troispoux, V.; Xiong, T.C.; Brottier, P.; Billot, C.; Seguin, M. |
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Title |
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Microcyclus ulei, causal, agent of South American leaf blight of rubber trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology Notes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. Notes |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
122-124 |
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Keywords |
Hevea brasiliensis; Microcyclus ulei; microsatellite markers; phytopathogenic fungi; South American leaf blight |
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Abstract |
South American leaf blight caused by the ascomycete Microcyclus Wei is the most harmful disease of the rubber tree in Latin America and a potential threat to Asiatic and African natural rubber production. Until now, the variability of this fungus was assessed through observation of pathogenicity of isolates on a range of rubber tree clones with known resistance reactions. The present study describes the process used to design 11 microsatellite markers and evaluates their usefulness in detecting genetic polymorphism. Nine of these markers were polymorphic among six isolates from Brazil (with two to three alleles per locus) and five markers were polymorphic among four isolates from French Guiana (with two to four alleles per locus). |
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CIRAD, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: vincent.le_guen@cirad.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
1471-8278 |
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Notes |
ISI:000189159500037 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
265 |
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Author |
Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R. |
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Title |
An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
335-354 |
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Keywords |
model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation |
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Abstract |
A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk |
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Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISSN |
0304-3800 |
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Notes |
ISI:000220392200002 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
238 |
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Author |
Latouche-Halle, C.; Ramboer, A.; Bandou, E.; Caron, H.; Kremer, A. |
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Title |
Long-distance pollen flow and tolerance to selfing in a neotropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1055-1064 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; microsatellites; outcrossing rate; pollen flow; reproductive success; tropical tree |
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Abstract |
Outcrossing rates, pollen dispersal and male mating success were assessed in Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, a neotropical tree endemic to the Guiana shield. All adult trees within a continuous area of 40 ha (n = 157) were mapped, and were genotyped with six microsatellite loci. In addition, progenies were genotyped from 22 mature trees. At the population level, the species was mostly outcrossing (t(m) = 0.89) but there was marked variation among individuals. One tree exhibited mixed mating, confirming earlier results obtained with isozymes that D. guianensis can tolerate selfing. A Bayesian extension of the fractional paternity method was used for paternity analysis, and was compared with the neighbourhood method used widely for forest trees. Both methods indicated that pollen dispersal was only weakly related to distance between trees within the study area, and that the majority (62%) of pollen came from outside the study stand. Using maximum likelihood, male potential population size was estimated to be 1119, corresponding to a neighbourhood size of 560 hectares. Male mating success was, however, related to the diameter of the stem and to flowering intensity assessed visually. The mating behaviour of D. guianensis is a combination of long-distance pollen flow and occasional selfing. The species can still reproduce when it is extremely rare, either by selfing or by dispersing pollen at long distances. These results, together with the observation that male mating success was correlated with the size of the trees, could be implemented in management procedures aiming at regenerating the species. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: caron@pierroton.mra.fr |
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Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221016300007 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
237 |
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Author |
Roggy, J.C.; Moiroud, A.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M. |
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Title |
Estimating N transfers between N-2-fixing actinorhizal species and the non-N-2-fixing Prunus avium under partially controlled conditions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Biology and Fertility of Soils |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Fertil. Soils |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
312-319 |
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Keywords |
actinorhizal trees; mixed culture; litter; N transfer by roots; N-15 |
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Abstract |
Two methods of N transfer between plants-by litter decomposition and root-to-root exchange-were examined in mixed plantations of N-fixing and non-fixing trees. Nitrogen transfers from decaying litters were measured by placing N-15-labelled litters from four actinorhizal tree species around shoots of containerized Prunus avium. Nitrogen transfers by root-to-root exchanges were measured after foliar NO3-N-15 fertilization of Alnus subcordata and Elaeagnus angustifolia growing in containers in association with P. avium. During the first 2 years of litter decomposition, from 5-20% of the N, depending on the litter identity, was released and taken up by P. avium. N availability in the different litters was strongly correlated with the amount of water-soluble N, which was highest in leaves of E. angustifolia. In the association between fixing and non-fixing plants, 7.5% of the A. subcordata N and 25% of E. angustifolia N was transferred to P. avium by root exchange. These results showed that the magnitude of N transfers by root exchange depended on the associated N-2-fixing species. Among the species investigated, E. angustifolia displayed the highest capacity for exudating N from roots as well as for releasing N from litters. These qualities make this tree a promising species for enhancing wood yields in mixed stands. |
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Address |
INRA, ENGREF, CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech,Lab Ecol Forets Trop Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER-VERLAG |
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0178-2762 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221197000002 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
236 |
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Author |
Eva, H.D.; Belward, A.S.; De Miranda, E.E.; Di Bella, C.M.; Gond, V.; Huber, O.; Jones, S.; Sgrenzaroli, M.; Fritz, S. |
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Title |
A land cover map of South America |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
731-744 |
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Keywords |
Amazonia; ecosystems; land cover; mapping; South America; vegetation classes |
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Abstract |
A digital land cover map of South America has been produced using remotely sensed satellite data acquired between 1995 and the year 2000. The mapping scale is defined by the 1 km spatial resolution of the map grid-cell. In order to realize the product, different sources of satellite data were used, each source providing either a particular parameter of land cover characteristic required by the legend, or mapping a particular land cover class. The map legend is designed both to fit requirements for regional climate modelling and for studies on land cover change. The legend is also compatible with a wider, global, land cover mapping exercise, which seeks to characterize the world's land surface for the year 2000. As a first step, the humid forest domain has been validated using a sample of high-resolution satellite images. The map demonstrates both the major incursions of agriculture into the remaining forest domains and the extensive areas of agriculture, which now dominate South America's grasslands. |
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Address |
Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, TP 440, I-21020 Ispra, Italy, Email: hugh.eva@jrc.it |
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Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
1354-1013 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221421600015 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
235 |
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Author |
Degen, B.; Roubilk, D.W. |
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Title |
Effects of animal pollination on pollen dispersal, selfing, and effective population size of tropical trees: A simulation study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
165-179 |
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Keywords |
Amazon; bees; Brazil; Dipteryx; Jacaranda; model; pollination; sensitivity analysis; trees |
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Abstract |
Animals, especially insects, are principal pollen vectors of tropical trees and have behavior patterns that affect gene dispersal. Here, we explore complex pollination systems using a new simulation model Eco-Gene and considering, among other factors, flowering synchrony. spatial distribution of trees, degree of selfing, population densities, pollinator flight distances, pollen deposition, and pollinator response to floral display size. Sensitivity analyses using two contrasting tree data sets (Jacaranda copaia and Dipteryx odorata) determined the importance of each parameter on three response variables: the proportion of seeds from self-pollination, effective population size, and pollen dispersal. Spatial considerations and attractiveness of floral displays were prominent features determining the population genetic result of pollinators, and some biological implications of the results are discussed. |
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Address |
INRA, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: degen_b@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC |
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0006-3606 |
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Notes |
ISI:000222092900006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
264 |
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Author |
Stien, D.; Gastaldi, S. |
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Title |
Design of polyaromatic hydrocarbon-supported tin reagents: A new family of tin reagents easily removable from reaction mixtures |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of Organic Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Org. Chem. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
4464-4470 |
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Abstract |
We report in this paper the preparation and use of stannanes 11, 12a, and 12b, compounds whose 3-pyrenylpropyl side chain affinity for activated carbon simplifies tin removal and product isolation. Our pyrene-supported reagents can be used for radical reductions and cyclizations (11), radical and cationic allylations (12a), and Stille couplings (12b) in much the same way as tributyltin derivatives. |
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Address |
CNRS UPS 2561, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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Publisher |
AMER CHEMICAL SOC |
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ISSN |
0022-3263 |
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Notes |
ISI:000222187200022 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
263 |
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Author |
Amusant, N.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M.; Janin, G.; Thevenon, M.F. |
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Title |
Decay resistance in Dicorynia guianensis Amsh.: analysis of inter-tree and intra-tree variability and relations with wood colour |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
373-380 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; Amazonian wood; wood colour/decay resistance; heartwood; variability |
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Abstract |
Dicorynia guianensis Amsh. is very widespread in the forests of French Guiana and moreover is the leading species harvested in this area, but its main defect remains the great variability of wood durability, especially with respect to fungal decay. The aim of this work was to study this inter- and intra-tree variability in order to identify the parameters responsible for this variation (growth area, height and radial position) within the tree. The resistance decrease from the outer heartwood to the pith. Measurement of colour variation using the CIELAB (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*) system was performed at the intra-tree level to highlight the longitudinal and radial gradients of variation. Dicorynia guianensis becomes less red and dark from the outer to the inner heartwood and from the base to the top. Lastly, variations of colour and durability were correlated: the wood is less resistant the redder and darker it is. |
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Address |
CIRAD Foret, Forest Prod Programme, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: nadine.amusant@cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
E D P SCIENCES |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000223955500009 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
262 |
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