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Houadria, M.; Blüthgen, N.; Salas-Lopez, A.; Schmitt, M.-I.; Arndt, J.; Schneider, E.; Orivel, J.; Menzel, F. |
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The relation between circadian asynchrony, functional redundancy, and trophic performance in tropical ant communities |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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97 |
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1 |
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225-235 |
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Diel turnover; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity; Multifunctional redundancy; Sampling effect; Temporal partitioning; Tropical rain forests |
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The diversity-stability relationship has been under intense scrutiny for the past decades, and temporal asynchrony is recognized as an important aspect of ecosystem stability. In contrast to relatively well- studied interannual and seasonal asynchrony, few studies investigate the role of circadian cycles for ecosystem stability. Here, we studied multifunctional redundancy of diurnal and nocturnal ant communities in four tropical rain forest sites. We analyzed how it was influenced by species richness, functional performance, and circadian asynchrony. In two neotropical sites, species richness and functional redundancy were lower at night. In contrast, these parameters did not differ in the two paleotropical sites we studied. Circadian asynchrony between species was pronounced in the neotropical sites, and increased circadian functional redundancy. In general, species richness positively affected functional redundancy, but the effect size depended on the temporal and spatial breadth of the species with highest functional performance. Our analysis shows that high levels of trophic performance were only reached through the presence of such high- performing species, but not by even contributions of multiple, less- efficient species. Thus, these species can increase current functional performance, but reduce overall functional redundancy. Our study highlights that diurnal and nocturnal ecosystem properties of the very same habitat can markedly differ in terms of species richness and functional redundancy. Consequently, like the need to study multiple ecosystem functions, multiple periods of the circadian cycle need to be assessed in order to fully understand the diversity- stability relationship in an ecosystem. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. |
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CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 17 February 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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664 |
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ter Steege, H.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Peres, C.A.; Guevara, J.E.; Salomão, R.P.; Castilho, C.V.; Amaral, I.L.; de Almeida Matos, F.D.; de Souza Coelho, L.; Magnusson, W.E.; Phillips, O.L.; de Andrade Lima Filho, D.; de Jesus Veiga Carim, M.; Irume, M.V.; Martins, M.P.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Wittmann, F.; López, D.C.; da Silva Guimarães, J.R.; Mendoza, A.M.; Vargas, P.N.; Manzatto, A.G.; Reis, N.F.C.; Terborgh, J.; Casula, K.R.; Montero, J.C.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Montoya, A.J.D.; Zartman, C.E.; Mostacedo, B.; Vasquez, R.; Assis, R.L.; Medeiros, M.B.; Simon, M.F.; Andrade, A.; Camargo, J.L.; Laurance, S.G.W.; Nascimento, H.E.M.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon, B.-H.; Costa, F.; Targhetta, N.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Brienen, R.; Castellanos, H.; Duivenvoorden, J.F.; Mogollón, H.F.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Aymard C., G.A.; Comiskey, J.A.; Damasco, G.; Dávila, N.; García-Villacorta, R.; Diaz, P.R.S.; Vincentini, A.; Emilio, T.; Levis, C.; Schietti, J.; Souza, P.; Alonso, A.; Dallmeier, F.; Ferreira, L.V.; Neill, D.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arroyo, L.; Carvalho, F.A.; Souza, F.C.; Amaral, D.D. do; Gribel, R.; Luize, B.G.; Pansonato, M.P.; Venticinque, E.; Fine, P.; Toledo, M.; Baraloto, C.; Cerón, C.; Engel, J.; Henkel, T.W.; Jimenez, E.M.; Maas, P.; Mora, M.C.P.; Petronelli, P.; Revilla, J.D.C.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Baker, T.R.; Daly, D.; Paredes, M.R.; da Silva, N.F.; Fuentes, A.; Jørgensen, P.M.; Schöngart, J.; Silman, M.R.; Arboleda, N.C.; Cintra, B.B.L.; Valverde, F.C.; Di Fiore, A.; Phillips, J.F.; van Andel, T.R.; von Hildebrand, P.; Barbosa, E.M.; de Matos Bonates, L.C.; de Castro, D.; de Sousa Farias, E.; Gonzales, T.; Guillaumet, J.-L.; Hoffman, B.; Malhi, Y.; de Andrade Miranda, I.P.; Prieto, A.; Rudas, A.; Ruschell, A.R.; Silva, N.; Vela, C.I.A.; Vos, V.A.; Zent, E.L.; Zent, S.; Cano, A.; Nascimento, M.T.; Oliveira, A.A.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Ramos, J.F.; Sierra, R.; Tirado, M.; Medina, M.N.U.; van der Heijden, G.; Torre, E.V.; Vriesendorp, C.; Wang, O.; Young, K.R.; Baider, C.; Balslev, H.; de Castro, N.; Farfan-Rios, W.; Ferreira, C.; Mendoza, C.; Mesones, I.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Giraldo, L.E.U.; Villarroel, D.; Zagt, R.; Alexiades, M.N.; Garcia-Cabrera, K.; Hernandez, L.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Milliken, W.; Cuenca, W.P.; Pansini, S.; Pauletto, D.; Arevalo, F.R.; Sampaio, A.F.; Valderrama Sandoval, E.H.; Gamarra, L.V. |
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Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species |
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2015 |
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Science Advances |
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1 |
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10 |
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Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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665 |
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Rossi, V.;Dolley, T.; Cornu, G.; Guitet, S.;Herault, B. |
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GuyaSim : un outil d’aide à la décision pour l’aménagement d’un territoire forestier, la Guyane |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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326 |
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4 |
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67-78 |
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GIS software; scenarios; ecosystem services; simulator; biodiversity; carbon stock; biomass; logging; deforestation; land use changes; tropical forest; French Guiana |
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Planning policies for rapid development in French Guiana will require the conversion of forested areas, thus contributing to glo- bal warming. Guiana’s policy-makers will need to integrate the preservation of eco- system services into their planning deci- sions. The GuyaSim project was conduc- ted to produce more in-depth knowledge on these services (carbon sequestration, biodiversity and soil quality) and to trans- fer a software application, GuyaSim, to policy-makers to facilitate the use of this knowledge in the development of plan- ning policies. This article presents the characteristics of the application. Guya- Sim is a freeware package of the GIS type designed initially for local authority plan- ners and forestry departments in French Guiana. The application has two main functions:
information delivery and sup-
port for planning decisions. The informa- tion provided includes socio-economic development scenarios, climate scenarios and valuations of ecosystem services. The decision-support component consists of tools for building planning scenarios (land use changes) and forestry scenarios (log- ging), with information on their environ- mental impacts. The functionalities of the software are currently limited by the state of knowledge on Guiana’s ecosystems. Advances made through current research projects are expected to upgrade the application in the medium term. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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666 |
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Scotti, I.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Budde, K.B.; Lalague, H. |
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Fifty years of genetic studies: what to make of the large amounts of variation found within populations? |
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2016 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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73 |
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1 |
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69-75 |
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Intra-specific variation; Microgeography; Natural selection; Population genomics |
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INRA, UMR745 Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 7 March 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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667 |
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Thibaut, B.; Denaud, L.; Collet, R.; Marchal, R.; Beauchene, J.; Mothe, F.; Méausoone, P.-J.; Martin, P.; Larricq, P.; Eyma, F. |
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Wood machining with a focus on French research in the last 50 years |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annals of Forest Science |
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73 |
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1 |
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163-184 |
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Primary conversion; Secondary processing; Surface quality; Tool wear |
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Key message: Wood machining is compulsory both for timber separation and the surfacing of wooden objects. The anisotropy, cellular nature and multi-scale level organisation of wood make its cutting complicated to study. During the last 50 years, most of the wood machining subjects were covered by French teams. Context: Woodcutting is a very old technology but scientific research is scarce on the subject. In the last 50 years, much work on basic mechanisms as well as on industrial processes has been done in France. Aims: The specific nature of wood introduces strong differences between wood and metal cutting processes. The paper focuses on French teams’ contributions. Results: The basic aspects of the tool–material interaction for different basic modes in woodcutting are highlighted. In primary conversion such as sawing, veneer cutting or green wood chipping, huge progress comes from automation and the possibility of linking the process to log and product quality through new sensors. In secondary processing, much has been done on the links between the cutting process, surface qualification and the properties of these surfaces for further processing, such as gluing or coating. Tool wear depends on the cutting process, timber quality and species. Trade-offs are required in tool technology and coating technologies may improve tool life. Conclusion: A large amount of knowledge and innovation has come from 50 years of worldwide research effort, with France being particularly active in this period. The transfer of skills from metals cutting industry was often a key, but much is needed to move closer to both metal cutting sector and woodcutting skills among craftsmen. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France. |
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ICA, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 7 March 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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668 |
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Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Stahl, C.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B. |
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The response of tropical rainforests to drought—lessons from recent research and future prospects |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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73 |
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1 |
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27-44 |
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Carbon; Climate; Drought; Global change; Growth; Mortality; Soil; Tropical; Water |
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Key message: We review the recent findings on the influence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mechanisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three continents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. Context: Tropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex. Aims: Herein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems. Results: This review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted under extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosystems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought. Conclusion: The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France. |
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National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil |
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Export Date: 7 March 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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669 |
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Amusant, N.; Digeon, A.; Descroix, L.; Bruneau, O.; Bezard, V.; Beauchene, J. |
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Planting rosewood for sustainable essential oil production: Influence of surrounding forest and seed provenance on tree growth and essential oil yields |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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326 |
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4 |
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57-65 |
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Aniba rosaeodora Ducke; Dendrometric traits; Essential oil yield; French Guiana; Light effect; Plantation; Rosewood; Seed provenance |
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Essential oil from the Amazonian rosewood tree (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is valued as an important aromatic ingredient in luxury perfumes. Due to over-harvesting in recent decades, rosewood is now listed as an endangered species. Rosewood tree planting is now considered a viable alternative to logging as it can support both reforestation and sustainable agriculture thanks to sales of the essential oil extracted. We planted 605 rosewood trees in French Guiana from two seeds of local provenance, in a 5 445 m2 plot surrounded by primary forest. Nine years after planting, we assessed the effect of the position of the tree relative to the surrounding forest and of the seed provenance on dendrometric traits (height, circumference, above ground woody biomass) and hence on the yield of essential oil. Measurements were made on 99 trees. Average growth rates for the young trees were 0.7 m/year in height, 2.5 cm/year in stem circumference and 990.5 kg dry mass/ha/year in aboveground biomass, while essential oil yields ranged from 0.6% to 3.6% with a mean of 2.1%. The position of the tree relative to the surrounding forest was the main factor affecting tree growth and essential oil production: trees located close to the surrounding forest were significantly smaller and accumulated less essential oil due to the reduced availability of light. Seed provenance had less effect on dendrometric traits and essential oil yields. In conclusion, although planting practices will need to be adapted to avoid the edge effects of proximity to the forest, short-rotation cultivation of rosewood trees could be the optimum and most economically attractive system for the production of essential oil. |
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Office National des Forêts (ONF), Département R and D, Pôle de Cayenne, Réserve de Montabo, BP 87002, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 7 March 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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670 |
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Dezerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Talaga, S.; Céréghino, R. |
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Environmental drivers of invertebrate population dynamics in Neotropical tank bromeliads |
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2017 |
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Freshwater Biology |
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Freshw Biol |
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62 |
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2 |
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229-242 |
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food webs; freshwater invertebrates; growth rate; life history; rainforest |
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Tank bromeliads form a conspicuous, yet neglected freshwater habitat in Neotropical forests. Recent studies driven by interests in medical entomology, fundamental aspects of bromeliad ecology and experimental research on food webs have, however, prompted increasing interest in bromeliad aquatic ecosystems. As yet, there is nothing in the literature about the life histories and environmental drivers of invertebrate population dynamics in tank bromeliads.
Based on fortnightly samples taken over one year, size frequency plots and individual dry masses allowed us to establish the life cycles and growth rates of the dominant aquatic invertebrates in a common bromeliad species of French Guiana. Linear mixed-effect models and Mantel tests were used to predict changes in density, biomass, and growth rates in relation to temperature, rainfall, humidity and detrital resources.
Annual variations in invertebrate densities and biomasses could be described according to three types of distribution: unimodal, bimodal or almost constant. Despite seasonal variations, precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and detritus concentration accounted significantly for changes in density and biomass, but we found no significant responses in growth rates of most invertebrate species. Species rather displayed non-seasonal life cycles with overlapping cohorts throughout the year. There was also a trend for delayed abundance peaks among congeneric species sharing similar functional traits, suggesting temporal partitioning of available resources.
Beyond novel knowledge, quantitative information on life histories is important to predict food-web dynamics under the influence of external forcing and self-organisation. Our results suggest that changes in species distribution that will affect population dynamics through biotic interactions in space and/or time could have greater effects on food webs and ecosystem functioning than changes in environmental factors per se. |
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1365-2427 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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716 |
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Roussel, J.-R.; Clair, B. |
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Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer in Simarouba tension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress |
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2015 |
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Tree Physiology |
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Tree Physiology |
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35 |
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12 |
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1366-1377 |
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maturation stress generation; ontogeny; Simarouba amara Aubl.; tension wood cell wall; tree biomechanics |
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To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce 'tension wood' allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara Aubl. trees – a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells. © 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. |
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CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 25 March 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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672 |
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Bossu, J.; Beauchene, J.; Estevez, Y.; Duplais, C.; Clair, B. |
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New insights on wood dimensional stability influenced by secondary metabolites: The case of a fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis aubl |
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2016 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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11 |
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3 |
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e0150777 |
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Challenging evaluation of tropical forest biodiversity requires the reporting of taxonomic diversity but also the systematic characterization of wood properties in order to discover new promising species for timber industry. Among wood properties, the dimensional stability is regarded as a major technological characteristic to validate whether a wood species is adapted to commercial uses. Cell structure and organization are known to influence the drying shrinkage making wood density and microfibrils angle markers of choice to predict wood dimensional stability. On the contrary the role of wood extractive content remains unclear. This work focuses on the fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis and we report herein a correlation between heartwood drying shrinkage and extractive content. Chemical extractions and shrinkage experiments were performed on separate wood twin samples to better evaluate correctly how secondary metabolites influence the wood shrinkage behaviour. Extractive content were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. We found that B guianensis heartwood has a homogeneous low shrinkage along its radius that could not be explained only by its basic density. In fact the low drying shrinkage is correlated to the high extractive content and a corrected model to improve the prediction of wood dimensional stability is presented. Additionally NMR experiments conducted on sapwood and heartwood extracts demonstrate that secondary metabolites biosynthesis occurs in sapwood thus revealing B. guianensis as a Juglans-Type heartwood formation. This work demonstrates that B. guianensis, a fast-growing species associated with high durability and high dimensional stability, is a good candidate for lumber production and commercial purposes. © 2016 Bossu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 18 April 2016 |
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