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Lipshutz, B.H.; Taft, B.R.; Abela, A.R.; Ghorai, S.; Krasovskiy, A.; Duplais, C. |
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Catalysis in the service of green chemistry: Nobel prize-winning palladium-catalysed cross-couplings, run in water at room temperature |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Platinum Metals Review |
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Platinum Met. Rev. |
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56 |
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2 |
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62-74 |
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Palladium-catalysed cross-couplings, in particular Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura and Negishi reactions developed over three decades ago, are routinely carried out in organic solvents. However, alternative media are currently of considerable interest given an increasing emphasis on making organic processes 'greener'; for example, by minimising organic waste in the form of organic solvents. Water is the obvious leading candidate in this regard. Hence, this review focuses on the application of micellar catalysis, in which a 'designer' surfactant enables these award-winning coupling reactions to be run in water at room temperature. © 2012 Johnson Matthey. |
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UMR-CNRS Ecofog, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, 97306 Cayenne, France |
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00321400 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 15 May 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ptmra; doi: 10.1595/147106712X629761; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Lipshutz, B.H.; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; email: lipshutz@chem.ucsb.edu |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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400 |
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Shipley, B.; Timothy Paine, C.E.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Quantifying the importance of local niche-based and stochastic processes to tropical tree community assembly |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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93 |
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4 |
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760-769 |
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Community Assembly by Trait Selection, CATS; Demographic stochasticity; Dispersal limitation; Environmental filtering; French Guiana; Functional traits; Maxent; Neutral assembly; Tropical forests |
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Although niche-based and stochastic processes, including dispersal limitation and demographic stochasticity, can each contribute to community assembly, it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of each process in natural vegetation. Here, we extend Shipley's maxent model (Community Assembly by Trait Selection, CATS) for the prediction of relative abundances to incorporate both trait-based filtering and dispersal limitation from the larger landscape and develop a statistical decomposition of the proportions of the total information content of relative abundances in local communities that are attributable to traitbased filtering, dispersal limitation, and demographic stochasticity. We apply the method to tree communities in a mature, species-rich, tropical forest in French Guiana at 1-, 0.25-and 0.04-ha scales. Trait data consisted of species' means of 17 functional traits measured over both the entire meta-community and separately in each of nine 1-ha plots. Trait means calculated separately for each site always gave better predictions. There was clear evidence of trait-based filtering at all spatial scales. Trait-based filtering was the most important process at the 1-ha scale (34%), whereas demographic stochasticity was the most important at smaller scales (37-53%). Dispersal limitation from the meta-community was less important and approximately constant across scales (∼9%), and there was also an unresolved association between site-specific traits and meta-community relative abundances. Our method allows one to quantify the relative importance of local niche-based and meta-community processes and demographic stochasticity during community assembly across spatial and temporal scales. © 2012 by the Ecological Society of America. |
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INRA, UMR, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou cedex, France |
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00129658 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 6 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ecola; doi: 10.1890/11-0944.1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Shipley, B.; Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; email: Bill.Shipley@USherbrooke.ca |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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401 |
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Nirma, C.; Eparvier, V.; Stien, D. |
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Antifungal agents from Pseudallescheria boydii SNB-CN73 isolated from a nasutitermes sp. termite |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Journal of Natural Products |
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J. Nat. Prod. |
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76 |
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5 |
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988-991 |
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Defense mutualisms between social insects and microorganisms have been described in the literature. The present article describes the discovery of a Pseudallescheria boydii strain isolated from Nasutitermes sp. The microbial symbiont produces two antifungal metabolites: tyroscherin and N-methyltyroscherin, a compound not previously described in the literature. Methylation of tyroscherin has confirmed the structure of N-methyltyroscherin. Both compounds are effective antifungal agents with favorable selectivity indices for Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. © 2013 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy. |
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UMR Ecofog, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, 97306 Cayenne, France |
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01633864 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 6 June 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jnprd; :doi 10.1021/np4001703; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Eparvier, V.; CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; email: veronique.eparvier@icsn.cnrs-gif.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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491 |
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Mouillot, D.; Bellwood, D.R.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J.; Galzin, R.; Harmelin-Vivien, M.; Kulbicki, M.; Lavergne, S.; Lavorel, S.; Mouquet, N.; Paine, C.E.T.; Renaud, J.; Thuiller, W. |
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Rare Species Support Vulnerable Functions in High-Diversity Ecosystems |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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PLoS Biology |
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PloS Biol. |
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11 |
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5 |
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e1001569 |
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Around the world, the human-induced collapses of populations and species have triggered a sixth mass extinction crisis, with rare species often being the first to disappear. Although the role of species diversity in the maintenance of ecosystem processes has been widely investigated, the role of rare species remains controversial. A critical issue is whether common species insure against the loss of functions supported by rare species. This issue is even more critical in species-rich ecosystems where high functional redundancy among species is likely and where it is thus often assumed that ecosystem functioning is buffered against species loss. Here, using extensive datasets of species occurrences and functional traits from three highly diverse ecosystems (846 coral reef fishes, 2,979 alpine plants, and 662 tropical trees), we demonstrate that the most distinct combinations of traits are supported predominantly by rare species both in terms of local abundance and regional occupancy. Moreover, species that have low functional redundancy and are likely to support the most vulnerable functions, with no other species carrying similar combinations of traits, are rarer than expected by chance in all three ecosystems. For instance, 63% and 98% of fish species that are likely to support highly vulnerable functions in coral reef ecosystems are locally and regionally rare, respectively. For alpine plants, 32% and 89% of such species are locally and regionally rare, respectively. Remarkably, 47% of fish species and 55% of tropical tree species that are likely to support highly vulnerable functions have only one individual per sample on average. Our results emphasize the importance of rare species conservation, even in highly diverse ecosystems, which are thought to exhibit high functional redundancy. Rare species offer more than aesthetic, cultural, or taxonomic diversity value; they disproportionately increase the potential breadth of functions provided by ecosystems across spatial scales. As such, they are likely to insure against future uncertainty arising from climate change and the ever-increasing anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems. Our results call for a more detailed understanding of the role of rarity and functional vulnerability in ecosystem functioning. © 2013 Mouillot et al. |
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Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom |
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15449173 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 June 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e1001569; Coden: Pblib; :doi 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001569; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Mouillot, D.; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UM2, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Institute for Research and Development (IRD) 5119 ECOSYM, Université Montpellier 2 cc 093, Montpellier, France; email: david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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492 |
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Brémaud, I.; El Kaïm, Y.; Guibal, D.; Minato, K.; Thibaut, B.; Gril, J. |
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Characterisation and categorisation of the diversity in viscoelastic vibrational properties between 98 wood types |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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69 |
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3 |
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373-386 |
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Damping coefficient; Dynamic mechanical properties; Specific dynamic modulus of elasticity; Specific gravity; Viscoelastic vibrational properties; Wood diversity |
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· Context Increased knowledge on diversity in wood properties would have implications both for fundamental research and for promoting a diversification of uses as material. · Aims The objective is to contribute to overcoming the critical lack of data on the diversity of wood dynamic mechanical/viscoelastic vibrational properties by testing lesser known species and categorising sources of variability. · Methods Air-dry axial specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E′/γ) and damping coefficient (tand) were measured on a wide sampling (1,792 specimens) of 98 wood types from 79 species. An experimental device and protocol was designed for conducting systematic (i.e. rapid and reproducible) characterisations. · Results Diversity at the specimens' level corroborates the “standard” relationship between tanδ and E'/γ, which is discussed in terms of orientation of wood elements and of chemical composition. Diversity at the species level is expressed on the basis of results for normal heartwood, with specific gravity (γ) ranging from 0.2 to 1.3. Axial E'/γ ranges from 9 to 32 GPa and tand from 4×10 -3 to 19×10 -3. Properties distribution follows a continuum, but with group characteristics. The lowest values of tanδ are only found in certain tropical hardwoods. Results can also suggest alternative species for musical instruments making. · Conclusion The variations in specific gravity, in stiffness or in “viscosity” appear to be predominantly linked to different levels of diversity: between species or between wood types (reaction wood or taxonomy-related differences in heartwood extractives). © INRA/Springer-Verlag France 2011. |
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Wood Laboratory, EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0166-z; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Brémaud, I.; Wood Laboratory, EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; email: iris_bremaud@hotmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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403 |
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McLean, J.P.; Arnould, O.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B. |
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The effect of the G-layer on the viscoelastic properties of tropical hardwoods |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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69 |
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3 |
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399-408 |
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Dma; G-layer; Reaction wood; Tropical wood; Viscoelasticity |
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· Context and aim This study aimed to examine the effect of the tension wood G-layer on the viscoelastic properties of wood. · Methods Tension wood and opposite wood samples were obtained from six French Guianese tropical rainforest species (Sextonia rubra, Ocotea guyanensis, Inga alba, Tachigali melinoni, Iyranthera sagotiana and Virola michelii); the tension wood of the former three of these species had a Glayer, whilst the tension wood from the latter three had no Glayer. Tensile dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed on green never dried wood samples in the longitudinal direction with samples submerged in a water bath at a temperature (30°C) and frequency (1 Hz) representative of the conditions experienced by wood within a living tree. Then, DMA was repeated with samples conditioned to an air-dried state. Finally, samples were oven-dried to measure longitudinal shrinkage. · Results Tension wood did not always have a higher longitudinal storage (elastic) modulus than opposite wood from the same tree regardless of the presence or absence of a G-layer. For the species containing a G-layer, tension wood had a higher damping coefficient and experienced a greater longitudinal shrinkage upon drying than opposite wood from the same species. No difference was found in damping coefficients between tension wood and opposite wood for the species that had no G-layer. · Conclusion It is proposed that the different molecular composition of the G-layer matrix has an influence on the viscoelasticity of wood, even if a biomechanical gain is not yet clear. This study shows that rheological properties and longitudinal shrinkage can be used to detect the presence of a G-layer in tension wood. © INRA/Springer-Verlag France 2011. |
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UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), CIRAD, Kourou, French Guiana |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0164-1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: McLean, J.P.; Forest Products Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, United Kingdom; email: p.mclean@napier.ac.uk |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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404 |
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Letort, V.; Heuret, P.; Zalamea, P.-C.; De Reffye, P.; Nicolini, E. |
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Analysing the effects of local environment on the source-sink balance of Cecropia sciadophylla: A methodological approach based on model inversion |
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2012 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann. Forest Sci. |
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69 |
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2 |
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167-180 |
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Cecropia; Functional-structural model; Model inversion; Morphology; Trophic competition |
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Context Functional-structural models (FSM) of tree growth have great potential in forestry, but their development, calibration and validation are hampered by the difficulty of collecting experimental data at organ scale for adult trees. Due to their simple architecture and morphological properties, “model plants” such as Cecropia sciadophylla are of great interest to validate new models and methodologies, since exhaustive descriptions of their plant structure and mass partitioning can be gathered. Aims Our objective was to develop a model-based approach to analysing the influence of environmental conditions on the dynamics of trophic competition within C. sciadophylla trees. Methods We defined an integrated environmental factor that includes meteorological medium-frequency variations and a relative index representing the local site conditions for each plant. This index is estimated based on model inversion of the GreenLab FSM using data from 11 trees for model calibration and 7 trees for model evaluation. Results The resulting model explained the dynamics of biomass allocation to different organs during the plant growth, according to the environmental pressure they experienced. Perspectives By linking the integrated environmental factor to a competition index, an extension of the model to the population level could be considered. © INRA and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011. |
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UMR ECOFOG Campus Agronomique, INRA, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0131-x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Letort, V.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Systems (MAS), Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande voie des Vignes, Chatenay-Malabry 92295, France; email: veronique.letort@centraliens.net |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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405 |
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Siebicke, L.; Hunner, M.; Foken, T. |
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Aspects of CO 2 advection measurements |
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2012 |
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Theoretical and Applied Climatology |
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Theor. Appl. Climatol. |
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109 |
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1-2 |
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109-131 |
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Observations of vegetation-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO 2) by the eddy covariance (EC) technique are limited by difficult conditions such as nighttime and heterogeneous terrain. Thus, advective flux components are included into the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) budget. However, advection measurements are experimentally challenging and do not always help to solve the night flux problem of the EC technique. This study investigates alternative methods for the observation of horizontal advection, in particular horizontal concentration gradients, as well as different approaches to coordinate rotation and vertical advection. Continuous high-frequency measurements of the horizontal CO 2 concentration field are employed and compared to the often used discontinuous sequential sampling. Significant differences were found in the case of 30-min mean concentration values between the conventional discontinuous sampling approach and the complete observation of the time series by continuous sampling. Estimates of vertical advection rely on accurate estimates of vertical wind velocity (W). Therefore, different approaches to the planar fit coordinate rotation have been investigated. Sector-wise rotation was able to eliminate directional dependencies of mean W. Furthermore, the effect of the data set length used for rotation (window length) was investigated and was found to have significant impact on estimates of vertical advection, with larger window lengths yielding about 50% larger vertical advection. A sequential planar fit with controlled window length is proposed to give reproducible results. The different approaches to the measurement and calculation of horizontal and vertical advection presented are applied to data obtained during the exchange processes in mountainous region experiment at the FLUXNET site Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen (DE-Bay). Estimates of NEE including advection are compared to NEE from turbulent and storage flux alone without advection. NEE including vertical advection with sector-wise planar fit rotation and controlled window length and including horizontal advection from continuous gradient measurements, which were comprehensively bias corrected by a new approach, did compare well with the expected night flux error, with meteorological drivers of the fluxes and with soil chamber measurements. Unrealistically large and noisy values of horizontal advection from the conventional discontinuous sampling approach, which lead to unrealistic values of NEE, could be eliminated by the alternative approaches presented. We therefore suggest the further testing of those approaches at other sites in order to improve the accuracy of advection measurements and, subsequently, estimates of NEE. © 2011 Springer-Verlag. |
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Wind Cert Services, TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH, Ludwig-Eckert-Str. 10, 93049 Regensburg, Germany |
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Export Date: 27 June 2012; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1007/s00704-011-0552-3; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Siebicke, L.; Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; email: lukas.siebicke@uni-bayreuth.de |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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406 |
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Coq, S.; Weigel, J.; Bonal, D.; Hattenschwiler, S. |
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Litter mixture effects on tropical tree seedling growth – a greenhouse experiment |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Plant Biology |
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Plant Biol. |
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14 |
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4 |
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630-640 |
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Amazonian lowland rain forest; Autotoxicity; Belowground/aboveground interactions; Litter decomposition; Plant nutrition; Plant-soil feedback |
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Decomposing litter provides critical nutrients for plants, particularly in nutrient-poor ecosystems such as tropical forests. We hypothesised that decomposing litter improves the performance of a variety of tropical tree seedlings, and that this litter effect varies depending on the species of litter present in litter mixtures. We addressed these hypotheses with a large pot experiment manipulating a range of different litter mixtures of contrasting quality and using seedlings of four tree species from the Amazonian forest of French Guiana. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, decomposing litter had either neutral or negative impacts on seedling growth, despite strongly different growth rates, biomass allocation patterns and leaf and root traits among tree species. Tree species varied in their responses to litter additions, which were further modified by species identity of the added litter. Our data show litter species-specific effects on growth, biomass allocation and leaf and root traits of tropical tree seedlings. These results suggest that a net nutrient release from decomposing litter does not necessarily improve tree seedling growth, even under nutrient-limiting conditions. In conclusion, litter layer composition may affect seedling establishment and recruitment success beyond litter-derived plant nutrient availability, which may contribute to tree species composition and dynamics in the studied tropical forest. © 2012 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands. |
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INRA, UMR, Écologie et Écophysiologie, Champenoux, France |
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Export Date: 27 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pbiof; doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00534.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Coq, S.; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38042 Grenoble, Cedex 09, France; email: sylvain.coq@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Rey, O.; Estoup, A.; Vonshak, M.; Loiseau, A.; Blanchet, S.; Calcaterra, L.; Chifflet, L.; Rossi, J.-P.; Kergoat, G.J.; Foucaud, J.; Orivel, J.; Leponce, M.; Schultz, T.; Facon, B. |
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Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion? A multidisciplinary approach to unravelling cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean area |
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2012 |
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Ecology Letters |
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Ecol. Lett. |
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15 |
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11 |
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1266-1275 |
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Adaptation; Biological invasion; Climatic niche shift; Cold temperature; Mediterranean zone; Wasmannia auropunctata |
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Evolution may improve the invasiveness of populations, but it often remains unclear whether key adaptation events occur after introduction into the recipient habitat (i.e. post-introduction adaptation scenario), or before introduction within the native range (i.e. prior-adaptation scenario) or at a primary site of invasion (i.e. bridgehead scenario). We used a multidisciplinary approach to determine which of these three scenarios underlies the invasion of the tropical ant Wasmannia auropunctata in a Mediterranean region (i.e. Israel). Species distribution models (SDM), phylogeographical analyses at a broad geographical scale and laboratory experiments on appropriate native and invasive populations indicated that Israeli populations followed an invasion scenario in which adaptation to cold occurred at the southern limit of the native range before dispersal to Israel. We discuss the usefulness of combining SDM, genetic and experimental approaches for unambiguous determination of eco-evolutionary invasion scenarios. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS. |
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Smithsonian Institute, Department of Entomology, Natural Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, United States |
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Export Date: 19 October 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Eclef; doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01849.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rey, O.; INRA, UMR1062, CBGP, Montpellier, France; email: olivier.rey.1@gmail.com |
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