| Records |
| Author |
Almeras, T.; Thibaut, A.; Gril, J. |
| Title |
Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Trees-Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees-Struct. Funct. |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
457-467 |
| Keywords |
biomechanics; reaction wood; maturation strain; Young's modulus; eccentricity |
| Abstract |
Active mechanisms of re-orientation are necessary to maintain the verticality of tree stems. They are achieved through the production of reaction wood, associated with circumferential variations of three factors related to cambial activity: maturation strain, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (MOE) and eccentric growth. These factors were measured on 17 mature trees from different botanical families and geographical locations. Various patterns of circumferential variation of these factors were identified. A biomechanical analysis based on beam theory was performed to quantify the individual impact of each factor. The main factor of re-orientation is the circumferential variation of maturation strains. However, this factor alone explains only 57% of the re-orientations. Other factors also have an effect through their interaction with maturation strains. Eccentric growth is generally associated with heterogeneity of maturation strains, and has an important complementary role, by increasing the width of wood with high maturation strain. Without this factor, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 31% for angiosperms and 26% for gymnosperms. In the case of angiosperms, MOE is often larger in tension wood than in normal wood. Without these variations, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 13%. In the case of gymnosperm trees, MOE of compression wood is lower than that of normal wood, so that re-orientation efficiency would be increased by 24% without this factor of variations. |
| Address |
Nagoya Univ, Lab Biomat Phys, Dept Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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| Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0931-1890 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000229890700012 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
253 |
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| Author |
Clair, B.; Gril, J.; Baba, K.; Thibaut, B.; Sugiyama, J. |
| Title |
Precautions for the structural analysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
189-195 |
| Keywords |
artefact; fibre wall; gelatinous layer (G-layer); tension wood |
| Abstract |
The gelatinous layer (G-layer) of tension wood fibres in hardwood contributes to the mechanical function of the living tree and has significant consequences on properties of solid wood. Its size, shape and structure observed by optical or electron microscopy exhibits characteristic anatomical features. However, we found that sectioning of non-embedded wood samples results in an uncontrolled swelling of the G-layer. In order to assess this artefact, the shape and thickness of the G-layer was monitored by serial sections from an embedded wood sample, from its trimmed transverse face to that located several hundreds of micrometres deep. The results revealed that the initial cutting before embedding produced a border effect responsible for the swollen nature, which is similar to sections from non-embedded material. After a conventional embedding technique was applied, a section of at least 30 micrometres below the trimming surface is required to observe an un-swollen G-layer. |
| Address |
Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Lab Biomass Morphogenesis & Informat, Kyoto 6110011, Japan, Email: clair@blmgc.univ.montp2.fr |
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| Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0928-1541 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000229698100003 |
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no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
254 |
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| Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Barreneche, T.; Kremer, A.; Plomion, C. |
| Title |
Quantitative trait loci mapping for vegetative propagation in pedunculate oak |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
369-374 |
| Keywords |
vegetative propagation; QTL; Quercus robur |
| Abstract |
Vegetative propagation is one of the main methods used for the deployment of improved genetic forest tree species. The objective of this paper was to study the genetic architecture of vegetative propagation by detecting Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur). The mapping population consisted on an F-1 family of 278 offspring. Assessment of rooting ability over three years permitted the detection of 10 QTLs explaining between 4.4 and 13.8% of phenotypic variance, of which the two strongest were stable across years. Ongoing genomics programs in trees and in Arabidopsis are starting to shed light on the nature of the underlying genes. |
| Address |
Equipe Genet, INRA, UMR 1202, BIOGECO, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: christophe.plomion@pierroton.inra.fr |
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| Publisher |
E D P SCIENCES |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000229668600010 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
255 |
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| Author |
Almeras, T.; Gril, J.; Yamamoto, H. |
| Title |
Modelling anisotropic maturation strains in wood in relation to fibre boundary conditions, microstructure and maturation kinetics |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
347-353 |
| Keywords |
anisotropy; boundary conditions; cell-wall maturation; growth strain; multilayer model; residual stress; wood fibre |
| Abstract |
A generalisation of existing mechanical models is proposed to account for the relation between wood macroscopic properties and fibre microstructure and chemical composition. It is applied to understanding of the origin of anisotropic maturation strains measured at the outermost surface of the xylem. Various assumptions are considered for boundary conditions of the fibre during the progressive maturation process and are applied to experimental data from the literature. Assumptions that the fibre is fully restrained in displacement, or fully unrestrained or unrestrained in the transverse direction only are all incompatible with observations. Indeed, within the tree, the fibre is restrained in the longitudinal and tangential directions, but unrestrained in the radial direction towards the bark. Mixed boundary conditions must be introduced to correctly simulate both longitudinal and tangential maturation strains. In the context of an analytical axisymmetric model, this is estimated by considering a parameter of partial release of tangential stress during maturation. Consistence with data and with finite element computation in the case of a square fibre confirmed that, because of the unrestrained radial condition, a large part of the tangential maturation stress is released in situ. |
| Address |
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: tancrede@nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp |
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| Publisher |
WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0018-3830 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000228828800016 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
256 |
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| Author |
Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Comu, G.; Jesel, S.; Dessard, H.; Jourget, J.G.; Blanc, L.; Picard, N. |
| Title |
Using models to predict recovery and assess tree species vulnerability in logged tropical forests: A case study from French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
| Volume |
209 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
69-86 |
| Keywords |
matrix model; individual-based spatially explicit model; regeneration; recruitment; long-term population dynamics |
| Abstract |
A major challenge for forest managers is to define the optimal cutting cycle to ensure that the resource is sustained in the long term. Matrix models of forest dynamics allow time-projection of diameter-class distributions and thus assessment of the time needed, after logging, to recover a given part of the exploitable stock. They are easy to build and they only require, as input variables, the diameter structure of the population(s) under scope. However, such models are based on a coarse description of tree population dynamics and must be used with caution. In particular, as trees are only described from a diameter threshold (usually 10 cm dbh), recruitment of a new tree cannot be linked with the preceding generation since too much time elapsed between seed dispersal and the installation of a 10-cm recruit. This causes predictions of matrix models to be highly questionable in the long term when ingrowth to larger dbh classes greatly depends on the way recruitment has been modelled. We used a case study from French Guiana to test whether or not a simple matrix model is reliable enough to help forest managers choose between management alternatives. We focused on the major timber species Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) harvested under a selective cutting regime. We compared predictions of D. guianensis stock recovery in the short and long term provided by two models: StoMat, a non-regulated matrix model, and SELVA, a single-tree distance dependent model explicitly simulating the entire species life cycle. Both models were independently calibrated on data from Paracou permanent sample plots. We showed that: (i) the short-term recovery of the exploitable stock predicted by StoMat is reliable for a large range of disturbance conditions; (ii) recruitment implementation in StoMat does not influence projections until the third felling cycle; (iii) for shared initial stand conditions SELVA and StoMat give consistent mid- and long-term predictions: the simple recruitment model used into StoMat could efficiently summarise the regeneration processes of the species under low felling intensity. Our results indicate that the current felling regime used in French Guiana may not be sustainable on a long-term basis. In any case, no more than 60% of the initial stock would be recovered after logging. We conclude that simple models can provide as reliable predictions as more complicated ones. They may be sufficient to assess the recovery of a species' exploitable stock even in the long term, or at least assess the (un)sustainability of particular harvesting regimes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
CIRAD, Dept Forets, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: sylvie.gourlet-fleury@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0378-1127 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000228504600007 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
257 |
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| Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Mariette, S.; Porth, I.; Goicoechea, P.G.; Barreneche, T.; Bodenes, K.; Burg, K.; Kremer, A. |
| Title |
Genome scanning for interspecific differentiation between two closely related oak species [Quercus robur L. and Q petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetics |
| Volume |
168 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1615-1626 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Interspecific differentiation values (G(ST)) between two closely related oak species (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) were compiled across different studies with the aim to explore the distribution of differentiation at the genome level. The study was based on a total set of 389 markers (isozymes, AFLPs, SCARs, microsatellites, and SNPs) for which allelic frequencies were estimated in pairs of populations sampled throughout the sympatric distribution of the two species. The overall distribution of GST values followed an L-shaped curve with most markers exhibiting low species differentiation (G(ST) < 0.01) and only a few loci reaching >10% levels. Twelve percent of the loci exhibited significant G(ST) deviations to neutral expectations, suggesting that selection contributed to species divergence. Coding regions expressed higher differentiation than noncoding regions. Among the 389 markers, 158 could be mapped on the 12 linkage groups of the existing Q. robur genetic map. Outlier loci with large G, values were distributed over 9 linkage groups. One cluster of three outlier loci was found within 0.51 cM; but significant autocorrelation of GST was observed at distances <2 cM. The size and distribution of genomic regions involved in species divergence are discussed in reference to hitchhiking effects and disruptive selection. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Biodivers Genes & Ecosyst, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: kremer@pierronton.inra.fr |
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| Publisher |
GENETICS |
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| ISSN |
0016-6731 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000225767400041 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
258 |
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| Author |
Degen, B.; Bandou, E.; Caron, H. |
| Title |
Limited pollen dispersal and biparental inbreeding in Symphonia globulifera in French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Heredity |
| Volume |
93 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
585-591 |
| Keywords |
gene flow; microsatellites; mixed mating; spatial autocorrelation; tropical tree; twogener |
| Abstract |
In this paper, we report a study of the mating system and gene flow of Symphonia globulifera, a hermaphroditic, mainly bird-pollinated tree species with a large geographic distribution in the tropical Americas and Africa. Using three microsatellites, we analysed 534 seeds of 28 open pollinated families and 164 adults at the experimental site 'Paracou' in French Guiana. We observed, compared to other tropical tree species, relatively high values for the effective number of alleles. Significant spatial genetic structure was detected, with trees at distances up to 150 m more genetically similar than expected at random. We estimated parameters of the mating system and gene flow by using the mixed mating model and the TwoGener approach. The estimated multilocus outcrossing rate, t(m), was 0.920. A significant level of biparental inbreeding and a high proportion of full-sibs were estimated for the 28 seed arrays. We estimated mean pollen dispersal distances between 27 and 53 m according to the dispersal models used. Although the adult population density of S. globulifera in Paracou was relatively high, the joint estimation of pollen dispersal and density of reproductive trees gave effective density estimates of 1.6 and 1.3 trees/ha. The parameters of the mating system and gene flow are discussed in the context of spatial genetic and demographic structures, flowering phenology and pollinator composition and behaviour. |
| Address |
BFH, Inst Forest Genet & Forest Tree Breeding, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany, Email: b.degen@holz.uni-hamburg.de |
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| Publisher |
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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0018-067X |
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| Notes |
ISI:000225354800009 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
259 |
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| Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bodenes, C.; Barreneche, T.; Bertocchi, E.; Plomion, C.; Kremer, A. |
| Title |
Detection of quantitative trait loci controlling bud burst and height growth in Quercus robur L |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Theoretical and Applied Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Theor. Appl. Genet. |
| Volume |
109 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1648-1659 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Genetic variation of bud burst and early growth components was estimated in a full-sib family of Quercus robur L. comprising 278 offspring. The full sibs were vegetatively propagated, and phenotypic assessments were made in three field tests. This two-generation pedigree was also used to construct a genetic linkage map (12 linkage groups, 128 markers) and locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling bud burst and growth components. In each field test, the date of bud burst extended over a period of 20 days from the earliest to the latest clone. Bud burst exhibited higher heritability (0.15-0.51) than growth components (0.04-0.23) and also higher correlations across field tests. Over the three tests there were 32 independent detected QTLs (Pless than or equal to5% at the chromosome level) controlling bud burst, which likely represent at least 12 unique genes or chromosomal regions controlling this trait. QTLs explained from 3% to 11% of the variance of the clonal means. The number of QTLs controlling height growth components was lower and varied between two and four. However the contribution of each QTL to the variance of the clonal mean was higher (from 4% to 19%). These results indicate that the genetic architecture of two important fitness-related traits are quite different. On the one hand, bud burst is controlled by several QTLs with rather low to moderate effects, but contributing to a high genetic (additive) variance. On the other hand, height growth depends on fewer QTLs with moderate to strong effects, resulting in lower heritabilities of the trait. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Biodivers Genes & Ecosyst, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: antoine.kremer@pierroton.inra.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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| ISSN |
0040-5752 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000225054800012 |
Approved |
no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
260 |
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| Author |
Rahali, H.; Ghanem, N.; Griffe, L.; Rahali, R.; Stien, D. |
| Title |
A general approach to the quantification of resin-bound functional groups by NMR |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
New Journal of Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
New J. Chem. |
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1344-1346 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
There has been a continuing need for sensitive, accurate and rapid methods to monitor functional loading of insoluble supports for solid phase synthesis. The present articles reports our findings regarding functional group loading quantification using H-1 NMR. Results obtained for supported amino, hydroxyl and NH-Fmoc groups are in agreement with those calculated using well-established methods and demonstrate that the strategy of looking, either at the excess reagent left in solution (NH2 and OH), or at the protecting group derivatives released from the polymer (Fmoc), is a viable approach to resin loading quanti. cation. |
| Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5810, Lab Aminoacides Peptides & Prot, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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| Publisher |
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY |
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1144-0546 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000224894700013 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
261 |
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| Author |
Amusant, N.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M.; Janin, G.; Thevenon, M.F. |
| Title |
Decay resistance in Dicorynia guianensis Amsh.: analysis of inter-tree and intra-tree variability and relations with wood colour |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
373-380 |
| Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; Amazonian wood; wood colour/decay resistance; heartwood; variability |
| Abstract |
Dicorynia guianensis Amsh. is very widespread in the forests of French Guiana and moreover is the leading species harvested in this area, but its main defect remains the great variability of wood durability, especially with respect to fungal decay. The aim of this work was to study this inter- and intra-tree variability in order to identify the parameters responsible for this variation (growth area, height and radial position) within the tree. The resistance decrease from the outer heartwood to the pith. Measurement of colour variation using the CIELAB (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*) system was performed at the intra-tree level to highlight the longitudinal and radial gradients of variation. Dicorynia guianensis becomes less red and dark from the outer to the inner heartwood and from the base to the top. Lastly, variations of colour and durability were correlated: the wood is less resistant the redder and darker it is. |
| Address |
CIRAD Foret, Forest Prod Programme, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: nadine.amusant@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
E D P SCIENCES |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000223955500009 |
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no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
262 |
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