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Author |
Dutech, C.; Maggia, L.; Tardy, C.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Title |
Tracking a genetic signal of extinction-recolonization events in a neotropical tree species: Vouacapoua americana aublet in french guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2753-2764 |
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Keywords |
allelic richness; caesalpinioideae; chloroplast DNA; climatic changes; cytonuclear disequilibrium; legummosae; microsatellite loci; tropical rainforest |
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Abstract |
Drier periods from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene have been hypothesized to have caused the disappearance of various rainforest species over large geographical areas in South America and restricted the extant populations to mesic sites. Subsequent improvement in climatic conditions has been associated with recolonization. Changes in population size associated with these extinction-recolonization events should have affected genetic diversity within species. However, these historical hypotheses and their genetic consequences have rarely been tested in South America. Here, we examine the diversity of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes in a Neotropical rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in French Guiana. The chloroplast diversity was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (six pairs of primers) in 29 populations distributed over most of French Guiana, and a subset of 17 populations was also analyzed at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. To determine whether this species has experienced extinction-recolonization, we sampled populations in areas supposedly not or only slightly affected by climatic changes, where the populations would not have experienced frequent extinction, and in areas that appear to have been recently recolonized. In the putatively recolonized areas, we found patches of several thousands of hectares homogeneous for chloroplast variation that can be interpreted as the effect of recolonization processes from several geographical origins. In addition, we observed that, for both chloroplast and nuclear genomes, the populations in newly recolonized areas exhibited a significantly smaller allelic richness than others. Controlling for geographic distance, we also detected a significant correlation between chloroplast and nuclear population differentiation. This result indicates a cytonuclear disequilibrium that can be interpreted as a historical signal of a genetic divergence between fragmented populations. In conclusion, the spatial genetic structure of contemporary V. americana populations shows evidence that this species has experienced large extinction-recolonization events, which were possibly caused by past climatic change. |
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Address |
CIRAD Foret, Silvolab, Ecol Mol, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: laruent.maggia@cirad.fr |
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SOC STUDY EVOLUTION |
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ISSN |
0014-3820 |
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ISI:000188061800007 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
241 |
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Author |
Koponen, P.; Nygren, P.; Domenach, A.M.; Le Roux, C.; Saur, E.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Nodulation and dinitrogen fixation of legume trees in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
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Pages |
655-666 |
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Keywords |
acetylene reduction assay; Bradyrhizobium; flooding; microtopography; N-15 natural abundance method; 16S rDNA sequencing |
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Abstract |
Nodulated legume trees comprised 43% of the stand basal area in the low, most frequently flooded microsites, and 23% in higher, drier microsites in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana. Dinitrogen fixation in Pterocarpus officinalis, Hydrochorea corymbosa and Inga pilosula was confirmed by acetylene reduction assay (ARA), presence of leghaemoglobin in nodules and the N-15 natural abundance method. The results for Zygia cataractae were inconclusive but suggested N-2 fixation in drier microsites. Nodulated Inga disticha had a N-15-to-N-14 ratio similar to non-N-2-fixing trees, but ARA indicated nitrogenase activity and leghaemoglobin was present in nodules. All bacterial strains were identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. according to the partial 16S rDNA sequences, and they were infective in vitro in the model species Macroptilium atropurpuretan. About 35-50% of N in the leaves of P. officinalis, H. corymbosa and I. pilosula was fixed from the atmosphere. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated to contribute at least 8-13% and 1728% to whole-canopy N in high and low microsites, respectively. Symbiotic N, fixation appears to provide both a competitive advantage to legume trees under N-limited, flooded conditions and an important N input to neotropical freshwater swamp forests. |
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Address |
Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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ISSN |
0266-4674 |
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Notes |
ISI:000186710800005 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
242 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Jaouen, G.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
Mapping radial, tangential and longitudinal shrinkages and relation to tension wood in discs of the tropical tree Symphonia globulifera |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
665-671 |
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Keywords |
drying shrinkage; tension wood; Symphonia globulifera L. f. |
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Abstract |
A method for measuring shrinkage resulting from drying in the three anisotropic directions is developed and tested. Measurements are performed on sawn discs, a technique which simplifies preparation and enables large numbers of measurements. Shrinkage values can be represented as a map of the disc surface. The results indicate that comparisons between shrinkage distribution and tension wood distribution on the discs show a clear relationship and can be measured with relatively high accuracy in reference to the shrinkage map. In the long term, this method could be useful in the timber industry as a means for choosing the direction in which logs are cut depending on their type of wood composition. |
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Address |
CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana |
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Publisher |
WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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ISSN |
0018-3830 |
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Notes |
ISI:000186257800016 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
243 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Fournier, M.; Prevost, M.F.; Beauchene, J.; Bardet, S. |
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Title |
Biomechanics of buttressed trees: Bending strains and stresses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1349-1356 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; buttress; Eleaocarpaceae; French Guiana; Sloanea spp.; tropical trees; wood |
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Abstract |
The different hypotheses about buttress function and formation mainly involve mechanical theory. Forces were applied to two trees of Sloanea spp.. a tropical genus that develops typical thin buttresses. and the three-dimensional strains were measured at different parts of the trunk base. Risks of failure were greater on the buttress sides, where shear and tangential stresses are greater, not on the ridges. in spite of high longitudinal (parallel to the grain) stresses. A simple beam model, computed from the second moment of area of digitized cross sections, is consistent with longitudinal strain variations but cannot predict accurately variations with height. Patterns of longitudinal strain variation along ridges are very different in the two individuals, owing to a pronounced lateral curvature in one specimen. The constant stress hypothesis is discussed based on these results. Without chronological data during the development of the tree. it cannot be proved that buttress formation is activated by stress or strain. |
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Address |
CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France |
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Publisher |
BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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ISSN |
0002-9122 |
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Notes |
ISI:000185459000010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
244 |
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Author |
Nicolini, E.; Caraglio, Y.; Pelissier, R.; Leroy, C.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Epicormic branches: a growth indicator for the tropical forest tree, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
97-105 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; architecture; epicormic branch; primary growth; secondary growth; tropical forest; French Guiana; height : diameter ratio |
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Abstract |
Architectural analyses of temperate tree species using a chronological approach suggest that the expression of epicormic branches is closely related to low growth rates in the axes that make up the branching system. Therefore, sole consideration of epicormic criteria may be sufficient to identify trees with low secondary growth levels or with both low primary and secondary growth levels. In a tropical tree such as Dicorynia guianensis (basralocus), where chronological studies are difficult, this relationship could be very useful as an easily accessible indicator of growth potentials. A simple method of architectural tree description was used to characterize the global structure of more than 1650 basralocus trees and to evaluate their growth level. Measurements of simple growth characters [height, basal diameter, internode length of submittal part (top of the main axis of the tree)] and the observation of four structural binary descriptors on the main stem (presence of sequential branches and young epicormic branches, state of the submittal part, global orientation), indicated that epicormic branch formation is clearly related to a decrease in length of the successive growth units of the main stem. Analysis of height vs. diameter ratios among different tree subgroups, with and without epicormic branching, suggested that trees with epicormic branches generally have a low level of secondary growth compared with primary growth. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. |
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Address |
Cirad, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 05, France |
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Publisher |
OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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ISSN |
0305-7364 |
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Notes |
ISI:000183980200010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
245 |
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Author |
Bosc, A.; De Grandcourt, A.; Loustau, D. |
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Title |
Variability of stem and branch maintenance respiration in a Pinus pinaster tree |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
227-236 |
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Keywords |
model; nitrogen; phloem; sapwood; temperature |
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Abstract |
The relationship between maintenance respiration (R.) of woody organs and their structural characteristics was explored in adult Pinus pinaster Ait. trees. We measured R-m on 75 stem and branch segments of different ages (from 3 to 24 years) and diameters (from 1 to 35 cm). The temperature response of R-m was derived from field measurements based on a classical exponential function with Q(10) = 2.13. Relationships between R-m and the dimensions of the woody organs were analyzed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The surface area of a woody organ was a better predictor of R-m than volume, but surface area failed to account for the observed within-tree variability of R-m among stems, branches and twigs. Two simple models were proposed to predict the variability of R-m at 15 degreesC in an adult tree. Model 1, a linear function model based on the dry mass and nitrogen concentration of sapwood and phloem tissues, explained most of the variability of R-m in branches and stems (R-2 = 0.97). We concluded that the respective contributions of the phloem and sapwood depend on the location and diameter of the woody organ. Model 2, a power-law function model based on the length, diameter and age of the sample, explained the same variance of R-m as Model 1 and is appropriate for scaling R-m to the stand level. Models 1 and 2 appear to explain a larger variability of R-m than models based on stem area or sapwood mass. |
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Address |
INRA, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: alexandre.bosc@pierroton.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0829-318X |
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Notes |
ISI:000181841200002 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
246 |
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Author |
Blanc, L.; Dick, J.M. |
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Title |
Errors in repeated measurements of soil water content in pots using a ThetaProbe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Soil Use and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Soil Use Manage. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
87-88 |
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Keywords |
measurement; soil water content; probes |
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Abstract |
The accuracy of a ThetaProbe (Delta-T Devices Ltd, UK) to obtain repeated measures of soil water content in pot plants was tested. This alternative to balance determinations led to a large underestimation of water content, varying from 12.2 to 21.8% of the total water content, depending on soil type. |
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Address |
Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland |
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Publisher |
C A B I PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0266-0032 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000181552000013 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
247 |
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Author |
Dutech, C.; Seiter, J.; Petronelli, P.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Title |
Evidence of low gene flow in a neotropical clustered tree species in two rainforest stands of French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
725-738 |
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Keywords |
Caesalpiniaceae; gene flow; recolonization process; spatial genetic structure; tropical rainforest; Vouacapoua americana |
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Abstract |
The spatial genetic structure of the neotropical, clustered tree species Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) was studied in two natural forest stands (Paracou and Nouragues) in French Guiana. Using eight microsatellite loci, V. americana is characterized by a marked genetic structure at small spatial distances (under 30-60 m), in agreement with the limited seed dispersal by rodent species. Gene flow through pollen is also shown to be mainly restricted to less than 100 m. This result suggests that most pollination events (mediated through small insects) are probably limited to within-patches of individuals, which might explain the high genetic differentiation among patches (F-ST = 0.11) separated by less than 2 km. We also assume that stronger genetic structure in Paracou is likely to be due to lower seed dispersal by rodents, large spatial distances separating patches, or a recent recolonization event. |
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Address |
CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: jarne@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr |
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Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
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Notes |
ISI:000175250300008 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
248 |
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Author |
Liu, S.Q.; Loup, C.; Gril, J.; Dumonceaud, O.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
625-632 |
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Keywords |
Fagus sylvatica L.; CIELab colour system; solid wood; red heartwood |
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Abstract |
Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the radial variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effects on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was still a highly significant effect of site and tree. Axial and radial variations were small, except very near the pith or in red heartwood, suggesting possible early selection at periphery under colour criteria. Red heartwood is darker, redder and more yellow than normal peripheral wood. |
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Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: jgril@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000233179100003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
251 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2461-2472 |
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Keywords |
canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
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Address |
Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0012-9658 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000231373600021 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
252 |
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