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Dézerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Talaga, S.; Céréghino, R. |
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Title |
Tank bromeliads sustain high secondary production in neotropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Aquatic Sciences |
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80 |
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14 |
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Biomass turnover; Epiphytes; Food webs; Functional traits; Invertebrates; Rainforests |
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Abstract |
In neotropical landscapes, a substantial fraction of the still waters available is found within tank bromeliads, plants which hold a few milliliters to several litres of rainwater within their leaf axils. The bromeliad ecosystem is integrated into the functioning of rainforest environments, but no study has ever estimated the secondary production, nor the biomass turnover rates of bromeliad macroinvertebrates in relation to other functional traits. We estimated secondary production at invertebrate population to metacommunity level in bromeliads of French Guiana. Coleoptera, Diptera and Crustacea with traits that confer resistance to drought had lower biomass turnover, longer generation times, and slower individual growth than species without particular resistance traits, suggesting convergent life history strategies in phylogenetically distant species. Detritivores and predators accounted for 87% and 13% of the overall annual production, respectively, but had similar production to biomass ratios. An average bromeliad sustained a production of 23.93 g dry mass m−2 year−1, a value which exceeds the medians of 5.0–14.8 g DM m−2 year−1 for lakes and rivers worldwide. Extrapolations to the total water volumes held by bromeliads at our field site yielded secondary production estimates of 226.8 ± 32.5 g DM ha−1 year−1. We conclude that the ecological role of tank bromeliads in neotropical rainforests may be as important as that of other freshwater ecosystems. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. |
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Université de Guyane, UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 29 January 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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790 |
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Chave, J.; Piponiot, C.; Maréchaux, I.; de Foresta, H.; Larpin, D.; Fischer, F.J.; Derroire, G.; Vincent, G.; Hérault, B. |
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Title |
Slow rate of secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Guianas compared with the rest of the Neotropics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecological Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Appl. |
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30 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e02004 |
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Keywords |
biomass; carbon; forest; French Guiana; regeneration; secondary forests; tropics; accumulation rate; Bayesian analysis; biomass; carbon sequestration; chronosequence; fertility; old-growth forest; pioneer species; regeneration; secondary forest; Costa Rica; French Guiana; Guyana Shield; Goupia glabra; Laetia procera; Xylopia |
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Secondary forests are a prominent component of tropical landscapes, and they constitute a major atmospheric carbon sink. Rates of carbon accumulation are usually inferred from chronosequence studies, but direct estimates of carbon accumulation based on long-term monitoring of stands are rarely reported. Recent compilations on secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Neotropics are heavily biased geographically as they do not include estimates from the Guiana Shield. We analysed the temporal trajectory of aboveground carbon accumulation and floristic composition at one 25-ha secondary forest site in French Guiana. The site was clear-cut in 1976, abandoned thereafter, and one large plot (6.25 ha) has been monitored continuously since. We used Bayesian modeling to assimilate inventory data and simulate the long-term carbon accumulation trajectory. Canopy change was monitored using two aerial lidar surveys conducted in 2009 and 2017. We compared the dynamics of this site with that of a surrounding old-growth forest. Finally, we compared our results with that from secondary forests in Costa Rica, which is one of the rare long-term monitoring programs reaching a duration comparable to our study. Twenty years after abandonment, aboveground carbon stock was 64.2 (95% credibility interval 46.4, 89.0) Mg C/ha, and this stock increased to 101.3 (78.7, 128.5) Mg C/ha 20 yr later. The time to accumulate one-half of the mean aboveground carbon stored in the nearby old-growth forest (185.6 [155.9, 200.2] Mg C/ha) was estimated at 35.0 [20.9, 55.9] yr. During the first 40 yr, the contribution of the long-lived pioneer species Xylopia nitida, Goupia glabra, and Laetia procera to the aboveground carbon stock increased continuously. Secondary forest mean-canopy height measured by lidar increased by 1.14 m in 8 yr, a canopy-height increase consistent with an aboveground carbon accumulation of 7.1 Mg C/ha (or 0.89 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) during this period. Long-term AGC accumulation rate in Costa Rica was almost twice as fast as at our site in French Guiana. This may reflect higher fertility of Central American forest communities or a better adaptation of the forest tree community to intense and frequent disturbances. This finding may have important consequences for scaling-up carbon uptake estimates to continental scales. |
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INPHB, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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Ecological Society of America |
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19395582 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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914 |
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Ferry, B.; Morneau, F.; Bontemps, J.D.; Blanc, L.; Freycon, V. |
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Higher treefall rates on slopes and waterlogged soils result in lower stand biomass and productivity in a tropical rain forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
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98 |
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1 |
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106-116 |
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biomass; community ecology; growth; mortality; productivity; soil waterlogging; topography; treefall; tropical moist forest; wood density |
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P>1. Relationships between tropical rain forest biomass and environmental factors have been determined at regional scales, e.g. the Amazon Basin, but the reasons for the high variability in forest biomass at local scales are poorly understood. Interactions between topography, soil properties, tree growth and mortality rates, and treefalls are a likely reason for this variability. 2. We used repeated measurements of permanent plots in lowland rain forest in French Guiana to evaluate these relationships. The plots sampled topographic gradients from hilltops to slopes to bottomlands, with accompanying variation in soil waterlogging along these gradients. Biomass was calculated for > 175 tree species in the plots, along with biomass productivity and recruitment rates. Mortality was determined as standing dead and treefalls. 3. Treefall rates were twice as high in bottomlands as on hilltops, and tree recruitment rates, radial growth rates and the abundance of light-demanding tree species were also higher. 4. In the bottomlands, the mean wood density was 10% lower than on hilltops, the basal area 29% lower and the height:diameter ratio of trees was lower, collectively resulting in a total woody biomass that was 43% lower in bottomlands than on hilltops. 5. Biomass productivity was 9% lower in bottomlands than on hilltops, even though soil Olsen P concentrations were higher in bottomlands. 6. Synthesis. Along a topographic gradient from hilltops to bottomlands there were higher rates of treefall, which decreased the stand basal area and favoured lower allocation to height growth and recruitment of light-demanding species with low wood density. The resultant large variation in tree biomass along the gradient shows the importance of determining site characteristics and including these characteristics when scaling up biomass estimates from stand to local or regional scales. |
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[Ferry, Bruno; Morneau, Francois; Bontemps, Jean-Daniel] AgroParisTech, ENGREF Nancy, UMR 1092, CS 14216, F-54000 Nancy, France, Email: bruno.ferry@engref.agroparistech.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0022-0477 |
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ISI:000272657400012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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87 |
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N'Guessan, A.E.; N'dja, J.K.; Yao, O.N.; Amani, B.H.K.; Gouli, R.G.Z.; Piponiot, C.; Zo-Bi, I.C.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Drivers of biomass recovery in a secondary forested landscape of West Africa |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
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433 |
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325-331 |
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Biomass; Cultivation; Ecology; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Agricultural land; Bayesian frameworks; Diameter-at-breast heights; Forested landscapes; Neotropical forests; Old-growth forest; Physical environments; Secondary forests; Forestry; Dioscorea alata |
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The rapidly growing human population in West Africa has generated increasing demand for agricultural land and forest products. Consequently 90% of the original rainforest cover has now disappeared and the remainder is heavily fragmented and highly degraded. Although many studies have focused on carbon stocks and fluxes in intact African forests, little information exists on biomass recovery rates in secondary forests. We studied a chronosequence of 96 secondary and old-growth forest fragments (0.2 ha each) where 32.103 trees with Diameter at Breast Height > 2.5 cm have been censused. We modelled the biomass recovery trajectories in a time-explicit Bayesian framework and tested the effect on recovery rates of a large set of covariates related to the physical environment, plot history, and forest connectivity. Recovery rate trajectory is highly non-linear: recovery rates accelerated from 1 to 37 years, when biomass recovery reached 4.23 Mg /ha /yr, and decelerated afterwards. We predict that, on average, 10%, 25% and 50% of the old-growth forest biomass is respectively recovered 17, 30, and 51 years after abandonment. Recovery rates are strongly shaped by both the number of remnant trees (residuals of the former old-growth forest) and the previous crop cultivated before abandonment. The latter induced large differences in the time needed to recover 50% of an old-growth forest biomass: from 38 years for former Yam fields up to 86 years for former rice fields. Our results emphasize (i) the very slow recovery rates of West African forests, as compared to Neotropical forests (ii) the long-lasting impacts of past human activities and management choices on ecosystem biomass recovery in West African degraded forests. |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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838 |
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Grau, O.; Peñuelas, J.; Ferry, B.; Freycon, V.; Blanc, L.; Desprez, M.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J.; Descroix, L.; Dourdain, A.; Guitet, S.; Janssens, I.A.; Sardans, J.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil may control forest structure and dynamics in poor Amazonian soils |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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Volume |
7 |
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Pages |
45017 |
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Keywords |
biomass; forest structure; French Guiana; mortality; nutrient availability; nutrient content; nutrient cycling; nutrient uptake; productivity; soil; storage; tropical rain forest |
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Tropical forests store large amounts of biomass despite they generally grow in nutrient-poor soils, suggesting that the role of soil characteristics in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests is complex. We used data for >34 000 trees from several permanent plots in French Guiana to investigate if soil characteristics could predict the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical forests. Most variables did not covary with site-level changes in soil nutrient content, indicating that nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil (e.g. the nutrient uptake from litter, the resorption, or the storage of nutrients in the biomass), may strongly control forest structure and dynamics. Ecosystem-level adaptations to low soil nutrient availability and long-term low levels of disturbance may help to account for the lower productivity and higher accumulation of biomass in nutrient-poor forests compared to nutrient-richer forests. |
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Export Date: 8 April 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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748 |
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Schwalm, C.R.; Williams, C.A.; Schaefer, K.; Arneth, A.; Bonal, D.; Buchmann, N.; Chen, J.Q.; Law, B.E.; Lindroth, A.; Luyssaert, S.; Reichstein, M.; Richardson, A.D. |
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Title |
Assimilation exceeds respiration sensitivity to drought: A FLUXNET synthesis |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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16 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
657-670 |
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biome; carbon cycling; drought; eddy covariance; evaporative fraction; FLUXNET; synthesis |
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The intensification of the hydrological cycle, with an observed and modeled increase in drought incidence and severity, underscores the need to quantify drought effects on carbon cycling and the terrestrial sink. FLUXNET, a global network of eddy covariance towers, provides dense data streams of meteorological data, and through flux partitioning and gap filling algorithms, estimates of net ecosystem productivity (F-NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (P), and ecosystem respiration (R). We analyzed the functional relationship of these three carbon fluxes relative to evaporative fraction (EF), an index of drought and site water status, using monthly data records from 238 micrometeorological tower sites distributed globally across 11 biomes. The analysis was based on relative anomalies of both EF and carbon fluxes and focused on drought episodes by biome and climatic season. Globally P was approximate to 50% more sensitive to a drought event than R. Network-wide drought-induced decreases in carbon flux averaged -16.6 and -9.3 g C m-2 month-1 for P and R, i.e., drought events induced a net decline in the terrestrial sink. However, in evergreen forests and wetlands drought was coincident with an increase in P or R during parts of the growing season. The most robust relationships between carbon flux and EF occurred during climatic spring for F-NEP and in climatic summer for P and R. Upscaling flux sensitivities to a global map showed that spatial patterns for all three carbon fluxes were linked to the distribution of croplands. Agricultural areas exhibited the highest sensitivity whereas the tropical region had minimal sensitivity to drought. Combining gridded flux sensitivities with their uncertainties and the spatial grid of FLUXNET revealed that a more robust quantification of carbon flux response to drought requires additional towers in all biomes of Africa and Asia as well as in the cropland, shrubland, savannah, and wetland biomes globally. |
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[Schwalm, Christopher R.; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA, Email: cschwalm@clarku.edu |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1354-1013 |
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ISI:000274419400014 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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69 |
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Thomas, H.J.D.; Bjorkman, A.D.; Myers-Smith, I.H.; Elmendorf, S.C.; Kattge, J.; Diaz, S.; Vellend, M.; Blok, D.; Cornelissen, J.H.C.; Forbes, B.C.; Henry, G.H.R.; Hollister, R.D.; Normand, S.; Prevéy, J.S.; Rixen, C.; Schaepman-Strub, G.; Wilmking, M.; Wipf, S.; Cornwell, W.K.; Beck, P.S.A.; Georges, D.; Goetz, S.J.; Guay, K.C.; Rüger, N.; Soudzilovskaia, N.A.; Spasojevic, M.J.; Alatalo, J.M.; Alexander, H.D.; Anadon-Rosell, A.; Angers-Blondin, S.; te Beest, M.; Berner, L.T.; Björk, R.G.; Buchwal, A.; Buras, A.; Carbognani, M.; Christie, K.S.; Collier, L.S.; Cooper, E.J.; Elberling, B.; Eskelinen, A.; Frei, E.R.; Grau, O.; Grogan, P.; Hallinger, M.; Heijmans, M.M.P.D.; Hermanutz, L.; Hudson, J.M.G.; Johnstone, J.F.; Hülber, K.; Iturrate-Garcia, M.; Iversen, C.M.; Jaroszynska, F.; Kaarlejarvi, E.; Kulonen, A.; Lamarque, L.J.; Lantz, T.C.; Lévesque, E.; Little, C.J.; Michelsen, A.; Milbau, A.; Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Nielsen, S.S.; Ninot, J.M.; Oberbauer, S.F.; Olofsson, J.; Onipchenko, V.G.; Petraglia, A.; Rumpf, S.B.; Shetti, R.; Speed, J.D.M.; Suding, K.N.; Tape, K.D.; Tomaselli, M.; Trant, A.J.; Treier, U.A.; Tremblay, M.; Venn, S.E.; Vowles, T.; Weijers, S.; Wookey, P.A.; Zamin, T.J.; Bahn, M.; Blonder, B.; van Bodegom, P.M.; Bond-Lamberty, B.; Campetella, G.; Cerabolini, B.E.L.; Chapin, F.S., III; Craine, J.M.; Dainese, M.; Green, W.A.; Jansen, S.; Kleyer, M.; Manning, P.; Niinemets, Ü.; Onoda, Y.; Ozinga, W.A.; Peñuelas, J.; Poschlod, P.; Reich, P.B.; Sandel, B.; Schamp, B.S.; Sheremetiev, S.N.; de Vries, F.T. |
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Title |
Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat. Commun. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1351 |
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Keywords |
biome; climate change; extreme event; global change; growth; interspecific interaction; plant community; tundra; article; plant community; prediction; tundra; warming; classification; climate; ecosystem; genetics; plant; plant development; Climate; Ecosystem; Plant Development; Plants; Tundra |
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The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world. © 2020, Crown. |
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Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands |
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Nature Research |
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20411723 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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947 |
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Clair, B.; Fournier, M.; Prevost, M.F.; Beauchene, J.; Bardet, S. |
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Title |
Biomechanics of buttressed trees: Bending strains and stresses |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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Am. J. Bot. |
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90 |
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9 |
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1349-1356 |
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biomechanics; buttress; Eleaocarpaceae; French Guiana; Sloanea spp.; tropical trees; wood |
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The different hypotheses about buttress function and formation mainly involve mechanical theory. Forces were applied to two trees of Sloanea spp.. a tropical genus that develops typical thin buttresses. and the three-dimensional strains were measured at different parts of the trunk base. Risks of failure were greater on the buttress sides, where shear and tangential stresses are greater, not on the ridges. in spite of high longitudinal (parallel to the grain) stresses. A simple beam model, computed from the second moment of area of digitized cross sections, is consistent with longitudinal strain variations but cannot predict accurately variations with height. Patterns of longitudinal strain variation along ridges are very different in the two individuals, owing to a pronounced lateral curvature in one specimen. The constant stress hypothesis is discussed based on these results. Without chronological data during the development of the tree. it cannot be proved that buttress formation is activated by stress or strain. |
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CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000185459000010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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244 |
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Author |
Almeras, T. |
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Mechanical analysis of the strains generated by water tension in plant stems. Part II: strains in wood and bark and apparent compliance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
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Tree Physiology |
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Tree Physiol. |
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28 |
Issue |
10 |
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1513-1523 |
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biomechanics; calibration; diurnal strains; mechanical model; multilayer cylinder; water potential |
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Abstract |
Tree steins shrink in diameter during the day and swell during the night in response to changes in water tension in the xylem. Stein shrinkage can easily be measured in a nondestructive way, to derive continuous information about tree water status. The relationship between the strain and the change in water tension can be evaluated by empirical calibrations, or can be related to the structure of the plant. A mechanical analysis was performed to make this relationship explicit. The stem is modeled as a cylinder made of multiple layers of tissues, including heartwood, sapwood, and inner and outer bark. The effect of changes in water tension on the apparent strain at the surface of a tissue is quantified as a function of parameters defining stem anatomy and the mechanical properties of the tissues. Various possible applications in the context of tree physiology are suggested. |
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INRA UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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HERON PUBLISHING |
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0829-318X |
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ISI:000260027200009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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129 |
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Author |
Almeras, T.; Gril, J. |
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Title |
Mechanical analysis of the strains generated by water tension in plant stems. Part 1: stress transmission from the water to the cell walls |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1505-1516 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; cell mechanics; diurnal strains; mechanical model; multilayer cylinder; stress transtnissionjactor |
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Abstract |
Plant tissues shrink and swell in response to changes in water pressure. These strains can be easily measured, e.g., at the surface of tree stems, to obtain indirect information about plant water status and other physiological parameters. We developed a mechanical model to clarify how water pressure is transmitted to cell walls and causes shrinkage of plant tissues, particularly in the case of thick-walled cells such as wood fibers. Our analysis shows that the stress inside the fiber cell walls is lower than the water tension. The difference is accounted for by a stress transmission factor that depends on two main effects. The first effect is the dilution of the stress through the cell wall, because water acts at the lumen border and is transmitted to the cuter border of the cell, which has a larger circumference. The second effect is the partial conversion of radial stress into tangential stress. Both effects are quantified as functions of parameters of the cell wall structure and its mechanical properties. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR Ecofog, F-97379 Kourou, French Guiana, France, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
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Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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ISSN |
0829-318X |
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Notes |
ISI:000250847000001 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
152 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
