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Tahiri, A.; Amissa Adima, A.; Adjé, F.A.; Amusant, N. |
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Title |
Pesticide effects and screening of extracts of Azadirachta Indica (A.) Juss. on the Macrotermes bellicosus rambur termite |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Effet pesticide et screening des extraits de Azadirachta indica (A.) Juss. sur le termite Macroterme |
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65 |
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310 |
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79-88 |
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Azadirachta indica; Pesticide properties; Phytochemical screening; Termite |
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To recommend applications in the field of a naturally insecticide plant substance as an alternative to chemical control against termite attacks, several important prerequisites need to be satisfied to ensure its effectiveness. The toxicity, lethal dose, mode of action, persistence of insecticide effect and chemical composition of total aqueous, alcohol and hexane extracts of the leaves and seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, were tested with the Macrotermes bellicosus termite. The extracts were found to be highly toxic to termites on contact, killing the entire population tested. The insecticide effect of the extracts persisted from 2.4 to 4.2 days. The aqueous and hexane extracts were the most toxic (LD50 0.422±0.018 to 4,466±0,162 mg/l). Contact and inhalation were both essential to their effectiveness. The aqueous extract of seeds, which is the most active, is also capable of being transferred through the colony during social tasks. However, it seems to have an anti-appetent effect on termites and does not act by ingestion. It contains phenol compounds (tannins and flavonoids) and saponins. The hexane extract of seeds is oily and contains 11 fatty acids as well as terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins. |
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Cirad Laboratoire de Chimie du Bois, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 20 November 2012; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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447 |
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McClure, M.; Chouteau, M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Territorial aggressiveness on the arboreal ant Azteca alfari by Camponotus blandus in French Guiana due to behavioural constraints |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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331 |
Issue |
9 |
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663-667 |
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Azteca alfari (Dolichoderinae); Camponotus blandus (Formicinae); foraging; rhythm of activity; territorial aggressiveness |
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This study reports new information on interactions between two sympatric ant species, the plant-ant Azteca alfari (Dolichoderinae) living in association with the myrmecophyte Cecropia obtusa (Cecropiaceae) and Camponotus blandus (Formicinae), a ground-nesting, arboreal-foraging species. Workers of A. alfari forage only on the foliage and the tipper parts of the trunk of their host Cecropia, while C. blandus nests in the ground but frequently forages and patrols pioneer tree foliage, including Cecropia. The activity pattern of A. alfari and the number of C. blandus on Cecropia obtusa was monitored hourly during a two-day period in a disturbed area in French Guiana. The maximum activity of C. blandus occurred between 8:30 and 12:30, at which time A. alfari had retreated within the domatia and were least present on the trunks. Even though aggressive confrontations were observed, C. blandus workers often initiate confrontations but do not prey on A. alfari nor exploit food bodies produced by Cecropia, the principal food source of A. alfari. Hence hostility appears to be the result of territoriality. Differences in their foraging rhythms are proposed as promoting resource and territory partitioning in this ant assemblage. |
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[McClure, Melanie] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada, Email: m_mcclur@alcor.concordia.ca |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000259290200004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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130 |
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Servigne, P.; Orivel, J.; Azémar, F.; Carpenter, J.; Dejean, A.; Corbara, B. |
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Title |
An uneasy alliance: a nesting association between aggressive ants and equally fierce social wasps |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Science |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
122-132 |
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Keywords |
Azteca chartifex ants; interspecific association; mutualism; Polybia rejecta wasps; scent trail erasure |
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Although the Neotropical territorially dominant arboreal ant Azteca chartifex Forel is very aggressive towards any intruder, its populous colonies tolerate the close presence of the fierce polistine wasp Polybia rejecta (F.).
In French Guiana, 83.33% of the 48 P. rejecta nests recorded were found side by side with those of A. chartifex. This nesting association results in mutual protection from predators (i.e., the wasps protected from army ants; the ants protected from birds).
We conducted field studies, laboratory-based behavioral experiments and chemical analyses to elucidate the mechanisms allowing the persistence of this association. Due to differences in the cuticular profiles of the two species, we eliminated the possibility of chemical mimicry.
Also, analyses of the carton nests did not reveal traces of marking on the envelopes. Because ant forager flows were not perturbed by extracts from the wasps' Dufour's and venom glands, we rejected any hypothetical action of repulsive chemicals. Nevertheless, we noted that the wasps 'scraped' the surface of the upper part of their nest envelope using their mandibles, likely removing the ants' scent trails, and an experiment showed that ant foragers were perturbed by the removal of their scent trails. This leads us to use the term 'erasure hypothesis'. Thus, this nesting association persists thanks to a relative tolerance by the ants towards wasp presence and the behavior of the wasps that allows them to 'contain' their associated ants through the elimination of their scent trails, direct attacks, 'wing-buzzing' behavior and ejecting the ants. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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1672-9609 |
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doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12597 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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885 |
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Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Sardans, Jordi ; Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad ; Klem, Karel ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Ramirez-Rojas, Irène ; Donald, Julian ; Leroy, Celine ; Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Verbruggen, Erik ; Janssens, Ivan A. ; Urban, Otmar ; Penuelas, Josep |
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Tree Species and Epiphyte Taxa Determine the “Metabolomic niche” of Canopy Suspended Soils in a Species-Rich Lowland Tropical Rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Metabolites |
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11 |
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11 |
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Bacteria, Canopy soils, Epiphyte, French Guiana, Metabolomics |
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Tropical forests are biodiversity hotspots, but it is not well understood how this diversity is structured and maintained. One hypothesis rests on the generation of a range of metabolic niches, with varied composition, supporting a high species diversity. Characterizing soil metabolomes can reveal fine-scale differences in composition and potentially help explain variation across these habitats. In particular, little is known about canopy soils, which are unique habitats that are likely to be sources of additional biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. We studied the effects of diverse tree species and epiphytes on soil metabolomic profiles of forest floor and canopy suspended soils in a French Guianese rainforest. We found that the metabolomic profiles of canopy suspended soils were distinct from those of forest floor soils, differing between epiphyte-associated and non-epiphyte suspended soils, and the metabolomic profiles of suspended soils varied with host tree species, regardless of association with epiphyte. Thus, tree species is a key driver of rainforest suspended soil metabolomics. We found greater abundance of metabolites in suspended soils, particularly in groups associated with plants, such as phenolic compounds, and with metabolic pathways related to amino acids, nucleotides, and energy metabolism, due to the greater relative proportion of tree and epiphyte organic material derived from litter and root exudates, indicating a strong legacy of parent biological material. Our study provides evidence for the role of tree and epiphyte species in canopy soil metabolomic composition and in maintaining the high levels of soil metabolome diversity in this tropical rainforest. It is likely that a wide array of canopy microsite-level environmental conditions, which reflect interactions between trees and epiphytes, increase the microscale diversity in suspended soil metabolomes |
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MDPI |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1041 |
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Hattenschwiler, S.; Fromin, N.; Barantal, S. |
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Title |
Functional diversity of terrestrial microbial decomposers and their substrates |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
334 |
Issue |
5-6 |
Pages |
393-402 |
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Bacteria; Biogeochemical cycles; Decomposition; Dissimilarity; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity indices; Fungi; Leaf litter |
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The relationship between biodiversity and biogeochemical processes gained much interest in light of the rapidly decreasing biodiversity worldwide. In this article, we discuss the current status, challenges and prospects of functional concepts to plant litter diversity and microbial decomposer diversity. We also evaluate whether these concepts permit a better understanding of how biodiversity is linked to litter decomposition as a key ecosystem process influencing carbon and nutrient cycles. Based on a literature survey, we show that plant litter and microbial diversity matters for decomposition, but that considering numbers of taxonomic units appears overall as little relevant and less useful than functional diversity. However, despite easily available functional litter traits and the well-established theoretical framework for functional litter diversity, the impact of functional litter diversity on decomposition is not yet well enough explored. Defining functional diversity of microorganisms remains one of the biggest challenges for functional approaches to microbial diversity. Recent developments in microarray and metagenomics technology offer promising possibilities in the assessment of the functional structure of microbial communities. This might allow significant progress in measuring functional microbial diversity and ultimately in our ability to predict consequences of biodiversity loss in the decomposer system for biogeochemical processes. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Haettenschwiler, Stephan; Fromin, Nathalie; Barantal, Sandra] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: stephan.hattenschwiler@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000292013400008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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323 |
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Maron, P.A.; Schimann, H.; Ranjard, L.; Brothier, E.; Domenach, A.M.; Lensi, R.; Nazaret, S. |
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Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative recovery of bacterial communities from different soil types by density gradient centrifugation |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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European Journal of Soil Biology |
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Eur. J. Soil Biol. |
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42 |
Issue |
2 |
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65-73 |
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bacterial community; soil; density gradient; DNA fingerprint |
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Extracting and purifying a representative fraction of bacteria from soil is necessary for the application of many techniques of microbial ecology. Here the influence of different soil types on the quantitative and qualitative recovery of bacteria by soil grinding and Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation was investigated. Three soils presenting contrasted physicochemical characteristics were used for this study. For each soil, the total (AODC: acridine orange direct count) and culturable (cfa: colony-forming units) bacterial densities were measured in three distinct fractions: (i) the primary soil, (ii) the soil pellet (soil remaining after centrifugation), and (iii) the extracted cells. The automated-ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (A-RISA) was used to characterize the community structure directly from the DNA extracted from each fraction. The physicochemical characteristics of soils were found to influence both the efficiency of bacterial cell recovery and the representativeness of the extracted cells in term of community structures between the different fractions. Surprisingly, the most representative extracted cells were obtained from the soil exhibiting the lowest efficiency of cell recovery. Our results demonstrated that quantitative and qualitative cell recovery using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation are not necessarily related and could be differentially biased according to soil type. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. |
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Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, Ctr Microbial Ecol, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France, Email: nazaret@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1164-5563 |
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ISI:000238534500001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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181 |
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Royer, M.; Herbette, G.; Eparvier, V.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, B.; Stien, D. |
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Secondary metabolites of Bagassa guianensis Aubl. wood: A study of the chemotaxonomy of the Moraceae family |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Phytochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phytochemistry |
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71 |
Issue |
14-15 |
Pages |
1708-1713 |
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Bagassa guianensis; Moraceae; Secondary metabolites; Stilbenes; Moracins; Flavonoids; Natural durability |
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In order to explain the durability of the Moraceae plant family, phytochemistry of Bagassa guianensis was performed. Ethyl acetate extract was obtained from the heartwood and 18 secondary metabolites were isolated, including 6 moracins [6-O-methyl-moracin M, 6-O-methyl-moracin N and moracin Z; previously identified: moracin M, moracin N and moracin P], 8 stilbenoids [presently identified: (-)-epialboctalol and arachidin 4; previously identified: alboctalol, trans-resveratrol, arachidin 2, trans-oxyresveratrol and artogomezianol], 3 previously identified flavonoids, steppogenin, katuranin and dihydromorin, beta-sitosterol and resorcinol. Previous studies suggest that stilbenoids are responsible for the natural durability of wood. Our study has determined that B. guianensis is closely related to Morus sp. in phylogeny and should be included in the Moreae sensu stricto tribe of the Moraceae family. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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[Royer, Mariana; Eparvier, Veronique; Thibaut, Bernard; Stien, Didier] Univ Antilles Guyane, CNRS, UMR Ecofog, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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0031-9422 |
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ISI:000282453900013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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30 |
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Salvin, P.; Ondel, O.; Roos, C.; Robert, F. |
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Title |
Energy harvest with mangrove benthic microbial fuel cells |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
International Journal of Energy Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Energy Res |
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39 |
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4 |
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543-556 |
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Balancing circuit; Benthic microbial fuel cell; Efficiency; Energy harvesting |
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Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are continuous electricity generators using electroactive microorganisms and organic matter from aquatic environment, respectively, as catalysts and substrate. In this paper, first a low-cost PVC-made structure is constructed to harvest electricity from mangrove environment located in French Guiana. An in situ BMFC has given power density of 30mW/m2 of the anodic surface area. This performance has been confirmed by experience in laboratory where inter-electrode distance and electrode surface area appeared to be power increasing factors. However, the output power of one BMFC is not used to supply real devices such as autonomous sensors. Second, to meet this expectation, in parallel and in series associations were considered. These associations were made in order to increase the output voltage and consequently the power, to reach levels that can supply small sensors (about 3V). Finally, to improve the performance of the series association and to avoid the voltage reversal phenomenon, a voltage balancing circuit was simulated and added to the series connections. With balancing method, the cell voltage of BMFCs can be equalized, and the performances can be improved. This allows an optimal energy harvesting and a better global efficiency of the set. |
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Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne; CNRS, UMR 5005, Laboratoire Ampère, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918Villeurbanne, France |
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Export Date: 17 March 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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586 |
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Rockwell, C.A.; Kainer, K.A.; Staudhammer, C.L.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Future crop tree damage in a certified community forest in southwestern Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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Volume |
242 |
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2-3 |
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108-118 |
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bamboo; community forest management; forest certification; Guadua; liana; marking; reduced-impact logging; RIL; timber management; tropical forest |
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Field studies in Acre, Brazil assessed logging impacts of a certified community timber management project. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to determine if damage incidence to future crop trees (FCTs; >= 20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) differs between (a) forest with and without bamboo (Guadua spp.), and (b) trees with and without lianas; (2) to what extent harvesting can be conducted more intensely (m(3)ha(-1)), without incurring greater FCT damage; and (3) to what extent marking diminishes FCT damage. Full inventories of FCTs of 50 commercial species complexes were conducted before and after logging in 50 m-radius zones of impact around each designated harvest tree in three 10 ha (200 m x 500 m) logging blocks. We also mapped all forested areas potentially influenced by logging, including skid trails, log landings and felling gaps, throughout the 30 ha logged. More than 28% of the forest area was disturbed by logging, with 12.1% in skid trails and 16.8% in gap clearings, indicating that the forest gap mosaic can be significantly altered even when reduced-impact logging guidelines are followed. Overall, 15% of FCTs inventoried were damaged. Damage rates were not significantly reduced by marking treatment, location in bamboo-dominated forest, or liana load on FCT damage. Harvest intensity did not influence the probability of FCT damage. For future studies, it would be prudent to address impacts of timber extraction on other livelihood activities, such as non-timber forest product collection, particularly in such regions as the Brazilian Amazon, where many communities are attempting to integrate a suite of income-generating activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, Email: crockwel@ufl.edu |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0378-1127 |
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ISI:000246268100003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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217 |
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Rockwell, C.A.; Kainer, K.A.; d'Oliveira, M.V.N.; Staudhammer, C.L.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Logging in bamboo-dominated forests in southwestern Amazonia: Caveats and opportunities for smallholder forest management |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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For. Ecol. Manage. |
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315 |
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202-210 |
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Bamboo; Community forest management; Guadua; Logging; Timber management; Tropical forest |
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Guadua sarcocarpa and Guadua weberbaueri (Poaceae: Bambuseae) have a negative influence on tree regeneration and recruitment in bamboo-dominated forests of southwestern Amazonia. The lack of advanced regeneration and sparse canopy in this forest type present a considerable challenge for developing sustainable timber management plans. We conducted field studies in the Porto Dias Agroextractive Settlement Project in Acre, Brazil to assess influences of logging in bamboo-dominated forest sites. Taxonomic composition, stand structure, aboveground biomass, commercial timber volume, and commercial tree seedling and bamboo culm density were compared between five logged vs. unlogged sites in different landholdings, using modified 0.5. ha Gentry plots. No differences in taxonomic composition, aboveground biomass, adult and juvenile stem density, or woody seedling and bamboo culm density were detected between paired logged and unlogged sites. Commercial timber volume, however, was reduced by almost two-thirds in logged plots, suggesting that long-term timber management goals in this forest type are compromised since so few future crop trees remained onsite. Our findings indicate that in order to maximize local management objectives, community forest managers must approach logging in bamboo-dominated forests with caution. We suggest an integration of non-timber forest product extraction with low harvest intensity and low-impact logging, tending of natural regeneration, and diversification of commercial species. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 15 February 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Fecmd; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rockwell, C.A.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; email: rockwell_cara@yahoo.com; Funding Details: DGE-0221599, NSF, National Science Foundation |
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