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Fortunel, C.; Stahl, C.; Heuret, P.; Nicolini, E.; Baraloto, C. |
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Disentangling the effects of environment and ontogeny on tree functional dimensions for congeneric species in tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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226 |
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2 |
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385-395 |
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chemistry; developmental stage; habitats; Micropholis; morphology; physiology; plant traits; seasons; developmental stage; ecosystem function; forest ecosystem; habitat selection; habitat structure; nutrient availability; ontogeny; physiological response; soil water; taxonomy; tropical forest; Amazonia |
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Soil water and nutrient availability are key drivers of tree species distribution and forest ecosystem functioning, with strong species differences in water and nutrient use. Despite growing evidence for intraspecific trait differences, it remains unclear under which circumstances the effects of environmental gradients trump those of ontogeny and taxonomy on important functional dimensions related to resource use, particularly in tropical forests. Here, we explore how physiological, chemical, and morphological traits related to resource use vary between life stages in four species within the genus Micropholis that is widespread in lowland Amazonia. Specifically, we evaluate how environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy contribute to single-trait variation and multidimensional functional strategies. We find that environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy differentially contribute to functional dimensions. Habitats and seasons shape physiological and chemical traits related to water and nutrient use, whereas developmental stage and taxonomic identity impact morphological traits –especially those related to the leaf economics spectrum. Our findings suggest that combining environment, ontogeny, and taxonomy allows for a better understanding of important functional dimensions in tropical trees and highlights the need for integrating tree physiological and chemical traits with classically used morphological traits to improve predictions of tropical forests’ responses to environmental change. © 2019 The Authors New Phytologist © 2019 New Phytologist Trust |
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Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33133, United States |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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977 |
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Michalet, S.; Rohr, J.; Warshan, D.; Bardon, C.; Roggy, J.-C.; Domenach, A.-M.; Czarnes, S.; Pommier, T.; Combourieu, B.; Guillaumaud, N.; Bellvert, F.; Comte, G.; Poly, F. |
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Phytochemical analysis of mature tree root exudates in situ and their role in shaping soil microbial communities in relation to tree N-acquisition strategy |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry |
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Plant Physiol. Biochem. |
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72 |
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169-177 |
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Chemical ecology; Denitrification; Eperua falcata; Metabolic profiling; Mycorrhizae; Plant-microbes interactions; Root exudates |
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Eperua falcata (Aublet), a late-successional species in tropical rainforest and one of the most abundant tree in French Guiana, has developed an original strategy concerning N-acquisition by largely preferring nitrate, rather than ammonium (H. Schimann, S. Ponton, S. Hättenschwiler, B. Ferry, R. Lensi, A.M. Domenach, J.C. Roggy, Differing nitrogen use strategies of two tropical rainforest tree species in French Guiana: evidence from 15N natural abundance and microbial activities, Soil Biol. Biochem. 40 (2008) 487-494). Given the preference of this species for nitrate, we hypothesized that root exudates would promote nitrate availability by (a) enhancing nitrate production by stimulating ammonium oxidation or (b) minimizing nitrate losses by inhibiting denitrification.Root exudates were collected in situ in monospecific planted plots. The phytochemical analysis of these exudates and of several of their corresponding root extracts was achieved using UHPLC/DAD/ESI-QTOF and allowed the identification of diverse secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid family.Our results show that (i) the distinct exudation patterns observed are related to distinct root morphologies, and this was associated with a shift in the root flavonoid content, (ii) a root extract representative of the diverse compounds detected in roots showed a significant and selective metabolic inhibition of isolated denitrifiers invitro, and (iii) in soil plots the abundance of nirK-type denitrifiers was negatively affected in rhizosphere soil compared to bulk. Altogether this led us to formulate hypothesis concerning the ecological role of the identified compounds in relation to N-acquisition strategy of this species. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. |
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SOLICAZ, c/o Guyane Technopole 16 bis rue du 14 Juillet, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana |
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09819428 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 15 November 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ppbie; doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.003; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Michalet, S.; Université Lyon1, CNRS, UMR5557, INRA, USC1364, Ecologie Microbienne, Centre d'Etude des Substances Naturelles, Pavillon Nétien, ISPB, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex, France; email: sergemichalet@yahoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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509 |
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Courtois, E.A.; Dexter, K.G.; Paine, C.E.T.; Stien, D.; Engel, J.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J. |
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Evolutionary patterns of volatile terpene emissions across 202 tropical tree species |
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2016 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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Ecol Evol |
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6 |
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9 |
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2854-2864 |
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Chemical defense; French Guiana; herbivory; secondary metabolites; tropical forest |
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Plant responses to natural enemies include formation of secondary metabolites acting as direct or indirect defenses. Volatile terpenes represent one of the most diverse groups of secondary metabolites. We aimed to explore evolutionary patterns of volatile terpene emission. We measured the composition of damage-induced volatile terpenes from 202 Amazonian tree species, spanning the angiosperm phylogeny. Volatile terpenes were extracted with solid-phase micro extraction and desorbed in a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for compound identification. The chemical diversity of the terpene blend showed a strong phylogenetic signal as closely related species emitted a similar number of compounds. Closely related species also tended to have compositionally similar blends, although this relationship was weak. Meanwhile, the ability to emit a given compound showed no significant phylogenetic signal for 200 of 286 compounds, indicating a high rate of diversification in terpene synthesis and/or great variability in their expression. Three lineages (Magnoliales, Laurales, and Sapindales) showed exceptionally high rates of terpene diversification. Of the 70 compounds found in >10% of their species, 69 displayed significant correlated evolution with at least one other compound. These results provide insights into the complex evolutionary history of volatile terpenes in angiosperms, while highlighting the need for further research into this important class of compounds. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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713 |
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Malé, P.-J.G.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Quilichini, A.; Orivel, J. |
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An ant symbiont directly and indirectly limits its host plant's reproductive success |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Evolutionary Ecology |
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Evol. Ecol. |
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26 |
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1 |
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55-63 |
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Cheater; Evolutionary conflict; Mutualism breakdown; Myrmecophyte; Pollination |
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In theory, mutualisms are intrinsically unstable, and the search for the maximum profit at the minimum cost should lead every mutualist to become a parasite. From an empirical point of view, mutualisms are ubiquitous and of major importance to ecosystems, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that enhance the maintenance of such relationships. We focused on the obligatory myrmecophytic association between the Neotropical plant Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae) and the ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae). The plant shelters the ants in leaf pouches in exchange for protection from phytophagous insects. We experimentally demonstrated that the ants partially castrate their host plant by destroying almost two-thirds of its floral buds. The ants also impede pollination through their presence and interactions with pollinators. These results reveal that ant activity negatively affects the plant's reproduction both directly and indirectly. This dual negative effect does not result in the complete castration of the plant. We also highlight major limitations to plant reproduction due to the spontaneous abscission of flowers and to the limited quantity and/or poor quality of the pollen. These limitations must not be overlooked since they can alter the outcome of the association of H. physophora with its ant partner. We therefore conclude that the evolutionary fate of the relationship depends on both ant castration intensity and obstacles to plant fertilization not related to the presence of ants. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
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Jardin Botanique Henri Gaussen, 39 Allées Jules Guesde, 31062 Toulouse, France |
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02697653 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 January 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Evece; doi: 10.1007/s10682-011-9485-7; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Malé, P.-J. G.; CNRS, EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; email: pjmale@cict.fr |
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Cottet, K.; Fromentin, Y.; Kritsanida, M.; Grougnet, R.; Odonne, G.; Duplais, C.; Michel, S.; Lallemand, M.-C. |
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Isolation of Guttiferones from Renewable Parts of Symphonia globulifera by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography |
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2015 |
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Planta Medica |
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Planta Medica |
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81 |
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17 |
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1604-1608 |
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centrifugal partition chromatography; Clusiaceae; countercurrent chromatography guttiferones; PPAPs; Symphonia globulifera |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the species Symphonia globulifera, a source of polycyclic polyprenylated acyl phloroglucinols such as guttiferone A, which is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities including noticeable antileishmanial properties. Our goal was the identification and the quantification of guttiferone A in different renewable parts of S. globulifera and its preparative isolation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data concerning its mechanism of action. Consequently, it is particularly interesting to isolate it in gram quantities in order to establish structure activity relationship studies. After performing high-performance liquid chromatography profiles detecting the presence of guttiferone A and proceeding to its quantification, a centrifugal partition chromatography methodology using a two-phase solvent system of cyclohexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (20 : 1 : 20 : 1, v/v/v/v) was applied to each extract. In conclusion, a centrifugal partition chromatography system has been developed to ensure a fast, reliable, and scalable way to isolate, with a high level of purity, guttiferone A from five renewable parts of S. globulifera. Moreover, this methodology can be extended to the isolation of other polycyclic polyprenylated acyl phloroglucinols such as guttiferones B, C, and D. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart. |
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Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles Amazoniennes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, UMR EcoFoG (Ecologie des forêts de Guyane), Cayenne, France |
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Export Date: 7 January 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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646 |
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Lang, G.; Marcon, E. |
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Testing randomness of spatial point patterns with the Ripley statistic |
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2013 |
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ESAIM: Probability and Statistics |
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ESAIM PS |
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17 |
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767-788 |
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Central limit theorem, goodness-of-fit test, Höffding decomposition, null, point pattern, Poisson process, null |
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Aggregation patterns are often visually detected in sets of location data. These clusters may be the result of interesting dynamics or the effect of pure randomness. We build an asymptotically Gaussian test for the hypothesis of randomness corresponding to a homogeneous Poisson point process. We first compute the exact first and second moment of the Ripley K-statistic under the homogeneous Poisson point process model. Then we prove the asymptotic normality of a vector of such statistics for different scales and compute its covariance matrix. From these results, we derive a test statistic that is chi-square distributed. By a Monte-Carlo study, we check that the test is numerically tractable even for large data sets and also correct when only a hundred of points are observed |
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518 |
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Ruelle, J.; Yamamoto, H.; Thibaut, B. |
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Growth Stresses and Cellulose Structural Parameters in Tension and Normal Wood from Three Tropical Rainforest Angiosperm Species |
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2007 |
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BioResources |
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BioResources |
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2 |
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2 |
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235-251 |
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Cellulose; Microfibril angle; Crystallite size; Tension wood; Tropical rainforest; Growth stresses |
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Few studies have been conducted about relation between cellulose parameters and biomechanical properties of wood in tropical angiosperms species. For this purpose, on 13 trees from 3 species of French Guyana tropical rainforest in a clear active process of restoring verticality, i) growth strains were measured in situ in order to determine the occurrence of tension wood within samples and ii) cellulose structural parameters were estimated on all the samples using X-ray diffraction method. Crystallite size was estimated from the full-width at half-maximum of the Miller index (002) arc diffraction and angle T was measured following Cave's method. Relationships between these parameters and growth stresses were good and the variations between normal and tension wood were significant, i. e. a lower angle T and a larger crystallite size in tension wood. In order to have a good estimation of the microfibril angle in the main layer of the secondary wall for each species, an experimental calibration was done between angle T and microfibril angle observed with scanning electron microscopy. |
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[Ruelle, Julien; Thibaut, Bernard] UMR EcoFoG, Kourou 97387, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr |
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NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI |
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1930-2126 |
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ISI:000263689300009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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Alméras, T.; Gronvold, A.; van der Lee, A.; Clair, B.; Montero, C. |
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Contribution of cellulose to the moisture-dependent elastic behaviour of wood |
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2017 |
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Composites Science and Technology |
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Composites Science and Technology |
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138 |
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151-160 |
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Cellulose; Crystal strain; Micromechanics; Wood; X-ray diffraction |
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Wood has a hierarchical structure involving several levels of organisation. The stiffness of wood relies on its capacity to transfer mechanical stress to its stiffest element at the lowest scale, namely crystalline cellulose. This study aims at quantifying to what extend crystalline cellulose contributes to wood stiffness depending on its moisture content. The crystal strains of cellulose were measured using X-ray diffraction on wet and dry specimens of spruce, based on a previously published methodology. The comparison between crystal strain and macroscopic strain shows that, during elastic loading, cellulose strain is lower than macroscopic strain. The means ratio of crystal/macroscopic strain amounts 0.85 for dry specimens and 0.64 for wet specimens. This strain ratio cannot be explained just by the projection effect due to the difference in orientation between cellulose microfibrils and cell wall, but results from deformation mechanisms in series with cellulose. Analysis shows that this series contribution represents a non-negligible contribution to wood compliance and is strongly moisture-dependent. This contribution amounts 9% for dry specimens and 33% for wet specimens, corresponding to a 4-fold increase in compliance for the series contribution. The origin of these strains is ascribed to mechanisms involving bending or shear strain at different scales, due to the fact that reinforcing element are neither perfectly straight nor infinitely long. © 2016 |
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CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 26 December 2016 |
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701 |
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Chang, S.-S.; Quignard, F.; Alméras, T.; Clair, B. |
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Mesoporosity changes from cambium to mature tension wood: A new step toward the understanding of maturation stress generation in trees |
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2015 |
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New Phytologist |
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New Phytologist |
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205 |
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3 |
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1277-1287 |
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Cell wall maturation; Maturation stress; Mesoporosity; Poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra); Tension wood |
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In order to progress in the understanding of mechanical stress generation, the mesoporosity of the cell wall and its changes during maturation of poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) tension wood (TW) and opposite wood (OW) were measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Variations in the thickness of the gelatinous layer (G-layer) were also measured to clarify whether the mesoporosity change simultaneously with the deposition of the G-layer in TW. Results show that mesoporous structures of TW and OW were very similar in early development stages before the deposition of G-layers. With the formation of the S2 layer in OW and the G-layer in TW, the mesopore volume decreased steeply before lignification. However, in TW only, the decrease in mesopore volume occurred together with the pore shape change and a progressive increase in pore size. The different patterns observed in TW revealed that pores from G-layers appear with a different shape compared to those of the compound middle lamella, and their size increases during the maturation process until stabilising in mature wood. This observation strongly supports the hypothesis of the swelling of the G-layer matrix during maturation as the origin of maturation stress in poplar tension wood. |
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CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 28 January 2015 |
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581 |
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Letort, V.; Heuret, P.; Zalamea, P.-C.; De Reffye, P.; Nicolini, E. |
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Analysing the effects of local environment on the source-sink balance of Cecropia sciadophylla: A methodological approach based on model inversion |
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2012 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann. Forest Sci. |
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69 |
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2 |
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167-180 |
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Cecropia; Functional-structural model; Model inversion; Morphology; Trophic competition |
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Context Functional-structural models (FSM) of tree growth have great potential in forestry, but their development, calibration and validation are hampered by the difficulty of collecting experimental data at organ scale for adult trees. Due to their simple architecture and morphological properties, “model plants” such as Cecropia sciadophylla are of great interest to validate new models and methodologies, since exhaustive descriptions of their plant structure and mass partitioning can be gathered. Aims Our objective was to develop a model-based approach to analysing the influence of environmental conditions on the dynamics of trophic competition within C. sciadophylla trees. Methods We defined an integrated environmental factor that includes meteorological medium-frequency variations and a relative index representing the local site conditions for each plant. This index is estimated based on model inversion of the GreenLab FSM using data from 11 trees for model calibration and 7 trees for model evaluation. Results The resulting model explained the dynamics of biomass allocation to different organs during the plant growth, according to the environmental pressure they experienced. Perspectives By linking the integrated environmental factor to a competition index, an extension of the model to the population level could be considered. © INRA and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011. |
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UMR ECOFOG Campus Agronomique, INRA, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0131-x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Letort, V.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Systems (MAS), Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande voie des Vignes, Chatenay-Malabry 92295, France; email: veronique.letort@centraliens.net |
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