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Schmitt, Sylvain ; Raevel, Valérie ; Réjou-Méchain, Maxime ; Ayyappan, Narayanan ; Balachandran, Natesan ; Barathan, Narayanan ; Rajashekar, Gopalakrishnan ; Munoz, François |
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Canopy and understorey tree guilds respond differently to the environment in an Indian rain forest |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Journal of Végétation Science |
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32 |
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5 |
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e13075 |
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Questions Changes in the functional composition of tree communities along resource availability gradients have received attention, but it is unclear whether understorey and canopy guilds respond similarly to different light, biomechanical, and hydraulic constraints. Location An anthropically undisturbed, old-growth wet evergreen dipterocarp forest plot located in Karnataka State, India. Methods We measured leaf and wood traits of 89 tree species representing 99% of all individuals in a 10-ha permanent plot with varying topographic and canopy conditions inferred from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data. We assigned tree species to guilds of canopy and understorey species and assessed the variation of the guild-weighted means of functional-trait values with canopy height and topography. Results The functional-trait space did not differ between canopy and understorey tree species. However, environmental filtering led to significantly different functional composition of canopy and understorey guild assemblages. Furthermore, they responded differently along environmental gradients related to water, nutrients, light, and wind exposure. For example, the canopy guild responded to wind exposure while the understorey guild did not. Conclusions The pools of understorey and canopy species are functionally similar. However, fine-scale environmental heterogeneity impacts differently on these two guilds, generating striking differences in functional composition between understorey and canopy guild assemblages. Accounting for vertical guilds improves our understanding of forest communities' assembly processes. |
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International Association for Vegetation Science |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1038 |
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Quéméré, Erwan ; Aucourt, Marie ; Troispoux, Valérie ; Brosse, Sébastien ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Covain, Raphael ; Le Bail, Pierre-Yves ; Olivier, Jean ; Tysklind, Niklas ; Galan, Maxime |
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Unraveling the dietary diversity of Neotropical top predators using scat DNA metabarcoding: A case study on the elusive Giant Otter |
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2021 |
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Environmental DNA |
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3 |
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5 |
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889-900 |
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Large carnivores play a pivotal regulating role in maintaining healthy and balanced ecosystems; however, most of them are rare and elusive, and knowledge about their resource consumption is scarce. Traditional methods based on morphological identification of undigested remains are labor intensive and often not sufficiently accurate, leading to errors and biased ecological inferences. Here, we developed a multi-marker DNA metabarcoding approach to analyze the dietary diversity of giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) from fecal DNA while controlling predator species identity. We combined two mitochondrial markers, 12S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene, that target the full range of potential vertebrate and invertebrate prey. We compiled a local reference database of DNA barcodes for most potentially ingested fish, which were used to evaluate the specificity of the metabarcoding primers in silico. Most prey are identified at the species level (>90%) and the dietary profiles provided independently by the two markers are highly similar, whether in terms of list of prey or frequency of occurrences, hence validating the approach. We detected a higher number of rare fish prey with the 12S primers that amplified solely Teleost species while the degenerate COI primers revealed non-fish prey (e.g., amphibians, snakes, birds, and earthworms) and confirmed predator species identity. This study demonstrated that scat DNA metabarcoding is particularly useful to provide in-depth information on elusive carnivorous dietary profile. Our methodology opens up new opportunities to understand how top carnivores diet cope with the effects of anthropogenic alteration of ecosystems and identify conflicts with humans and livestock. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1054 |
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Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. ; Authier, Louise ; Schimann, Heidy ; Baraloto, Christophier |
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Root anatomy helps to reconcile observed root trait syndromes in tropical tree species |
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2021 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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108 |
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5 |
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744-755 |
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Botanical Society of America |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1056 |
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Hattenschwiler, S.; Fromin, N.; Barantal, S. |
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Functional diversity of terrestrial microbial decomposers and their substrates |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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C. R. Biol. |
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334 |
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5-6 |
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393-402 |
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Bacteria; Biogeochemical cycles; Decomposition; Dissimilarity; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity indices; Fungi; Leaf litter |
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The relationship between biodiversity and biogeochemical processes gained much interest in light of the rapidly decreasing biodiversity worldwide. In this article, we discuss the current status, challenges and prospects of functional concepts to plant litter diversity and microbial decomposer diversity. We also evaluate whether these concepts permit a better understanding of how biodiversity is linked to litter decomposition as a key ecosystem process influencing carbon and nutrient cycles. Based on a literature survey, we show that plant litter and microbial diversity matters for decomposition, but that considering numbers of taxonomic units appears overall as little relevant and less useful than functional diversity. However, despite easily available functional litter traits and the well-established theoretical framework for functional litter diversity, the impact of functional litter diversity on decomposition is not yet well enough explored. Defining functional diversity of microorganisms remains one of the biggest challenges for functional approaches to microbial diversity. Recent developments in microarray and metagenomics technology offer promising possibilities in the assessment of the functional structure of microbial communities. This might allow significant progress in measuring functional microbial diversity and ultimately in our ability to predict consequences of biodiversity loss in the decomposer system for biogeochemical processes. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Haettenschwiler, Stephan; Fromin, Nathalie; Barantal, Sandra] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: stephan.hattenschwiler@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000292013400008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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323 |
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Sharma, K.; Degen, B.; Von Wuehlisch, G.; Singh, N.B. |
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Allozyme variation in eight natural populations of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. in India |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Silvae Genetica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Silvae Genet. |
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51 |
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5-6 |
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246-253 |
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Allozymes; Differentiation; Genetic distance; Multilocus diversity; Pinus roxburghii; Variation; Enzymes; Forestry; Genes; Allozyme variations; Genetic engineering; Enzymes; Genes; Genetic Engineering; Pinus Roxburghii; Embryophyta; Pinus roxburghii |
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Seeds collected from eight populations of Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii SARG.) from the natural distribution range of the species in Himachal Himalayas in India were analysed isozymatically at 11 enzyme systems. For the enzyme systems studied, 25 gene loci were identified out of which 18 were polymorphic. The observed mean values for genetic variation were slightly lower than mean values reported for Pinus species (number of alleles: 1.65 compared to 2.36; effective number of alleles: 1.13 compared to 1.26; observed heterozygosity: 0.153 compared to 0.179). A small differentiation among populations and large variation within populations were reflected by small value of GST (0.04): Considering the different genetic parameters three populations seem favourable for gene conservation measures. |
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Silviculture Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun – 248 006, India |
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00375349 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 4; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Sigea; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Sharma, K.; Dr. Y. S. Parmar Univ. Hort./Forest., Reg. Horticultural Research Station, Jachh (Nurpur)-176 201 (HP), India |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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360 |
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Talaga, S.; Murienne, J.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Online database for mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) occurrence records in French guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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ZooKeys |
Abbreviated Journal |
ZooKeys |
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2015 |
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532 |
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107-115 |
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Diversity; French guiana; Mosquitoes; Neotropics; Occurrence |
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A database providing information on mosquito specimens (Arthropoda: Diptera: Culicidae) collected in French Guiana is presented. Field collections were initiated in 2013 under the auspices of the CEnter for the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia (CEBA: http://www.labexceba.fr/en/). This study is part of an ongoing process aiming to understand the distribution of mosquitoes, including vector species, across French Guiana. Occurrences are recorded after each collecting trip in a database managed by the laboratory Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Toulouse, France. The dataset is updated monthly and is available online. Voucher specimens and their associated DNA are stored at the laboratory Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (Ecofog), Kourou, French Guiana. The latest version of the dataset is accessible through EDB’s Integrated Publication Toolkit at http://130.120.204.55:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=mosquitoesof french_guiana or through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility data portal at http://www.gbif.org/ dataset/5a8aa2ad-261c-4f61-a98e-26dd752fe1c5 It can also be viewed through the Guyanensis platform at http://guyanensis.ups-tlse.fr © Stanislas Talaga et al. |
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IRD, Laboratoire de botAnique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des végétations (AMAP; UMR 123), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 25 November 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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640 |
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Esquivel-Muelbert, A.; Phillips, O.L.; Brienen, R.J.W.; Fauset, S.; Sullivan, M.J.P.; Baker, T.R.; Chao, K.-J.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Gloor, E.; Higuchi, N.; Houwing-Duistermaat, J.; Lloyd, J.; Liu, H.; Malhi, Y.; Marimon, B.; Marimon Junior, B.H.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Poorter, L.; Silveira, M.; Torre, E.V.; Dávila, E.A.; del Aguila Pasquel, J.; Almeida, E.; Loayza, P.A.; Andrade, A.; Aragão, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard C, G.A.; Baisie, M.; Baraloto, C.; Camargo, P.B.; Barroso, J.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Bongers, F.; Boot, R.; Brown, F.; Burban, B.; Camargo, J.L.; Castro, W.; Moscoso, V.C.; Chave, J.; Comiskey, J.; Valverde, F.C.; da Costa, A.L.; Cardozo, N.D.; Di Fiore, A.; Dourdain, A.; Erwin, T.; Llampazo, G.F.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Herrera, R.; Honorio Coronado, E.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Jimenez-Rojas, E.; Killeen, T.; Laurance, S.; Laurance, W.; Levesley, A.; Lewis, S.L.; Ladvocat, K.L.L.M.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Lovejoy, T.; Meir, P.; Mendoza, C.; Morandi, P.; Neill, D.; Nogueira Lima, A.J.; Vargas, P.N.; de Oliveira, E.A.; Camacho, N.P.; Pardo, G.; Peacock, J.; Peña-Claros, M.; Peñuela-Mora, M.C.; Pickavance, G.; Pipoly, J.; Pitman, N.; Prieto, A.; Pugh, T.A.M.; Quesada, C.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; de Almeida Reis, S.M.; Rejou-Machain, M.; Correa, Z.R.; Bayona, L.R.; Rudas, A.; Salomão, R.; Serrano, J.; Espejo, J.S.; Silva, N.; Singh, J.; Stahl, C.; Stropp, J.; Swamy, V.; Talbot, J.; ter Steege, H.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas, R.; Toledo, M.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Gamarra, L.V.; van der Heijden, G.; van der Meer, P.; van der Hout, P.; Martinez, R.V.; Vieira, S.A.; Cayo, J.V.; Vos, V.; Zagt, R.; Zuidema, P.; Galbraith, D. |
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Title |
Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat. Commun. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
5515 |
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bioclimatology; carbon sink; ecological modeling; growth; holistic approach; mortality; mortality risk; risk factor; survival; trade-off; tropical forest; article; climate; controlled study; forest; growth rate; human; mortality rate; mortality risk; survival; biological model; biomass; Brazil; carbon sequestration; ecology; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; growth, development and aging; proportional hazards model; risk factor; tree; tropic climate; Amazonia; carbon dioxide; Biomass; Brazil; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Sequestration; Ecology; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Forests; Models, Biological; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Trees; Tropical Climate |
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The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality. © 2020, The Author(s). |
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Tropenbos International, Wageningen, Netherlands |
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Nature Research |
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20411723 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Phillips, O.L.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Lewis, S.L.; Fisher, J.B.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Malhi, Y.; Monteagudo, A.; Peacock, J.; Quesada, C.A.; van der Heijden, G.; Almeida, S.; Amaral, I.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard, G.; Baker, T.R.; Banki, O.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Brando, P.; Chave, J.; de Oliveira, A.C.A.; Cardozo, N.D.; Czimczik, C.I.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Freitas, M.A.; Gloor, E.; Higuchi, N.; Jimenez, E.; Lloyd, G.; Meir, P.; Mendoza, C.; Morel, A.; Neill, D.A.; Nepstad, D.; Patino, S.; Penuela, M.C.; Prieto, A.; Ramirez, F.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, J.; Silveira, M.; Thomas, A.S.; ter Steege, H.; Stropp, J.; Vasquez, R.; Zelazowski, P.; Davila, E.A.; Andelman, S.; Andrade, A.; Chao, K.J.; Erwin, T.; Di Fiore, A.; Honorio, E.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Cruz, A.P.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Vargas, P.N.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Rudas, A.; Salamao, R.; Silva, N.; Terborgh, J.; Torres-Lezama, A. |
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Title |
Drought Sensitivity of the Amazon Rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Science |
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Science |
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323 |
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5919 |
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1344-1347 |
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Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change. |
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[Phillips, Oliver L.; Lewis, Simon L.; Lloyd, Jon; Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela; Peacock, Julie; Quesada, Carlos A.; van der Heijden, Geertje; Baker, Tim R.; Feldpausch, Ted R.; Gloor, Emanuel; Patino, Sandra; Schwarz, Michael; Chao, Kuo-Jung; Keeling, Helen] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England, Email: o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk |
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AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE |
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0036-8075 |
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ISI:000263876700042 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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120 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Stahl, C.; Courtois, E.A.; Patino, S.; Sarmiento, C.; Baraloto, C. |
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Functional explanations for variation in bark thickness in tropical rain forest trees |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
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Funct. Ecol. |
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24 |
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6 |
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1202-1210 |
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bark thickness; fire ecology; flexural rigidity; herbivore defence; periderm; rhytidome; trunk respiration |
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P>1. The complex structure of tree bark reflects its many functions, which include structural support as well as defence against fire, pests and pathogens. Thick bark, however, might limit respiration by the living tissues of the trunk. Nevertheless, little research has addressed community-level variation in bark thickness, and to the best of our knowledge, no one has tested multiple hypotheses to explain variation in bark thickness. 2. We conducted an extensive survey of bark thickness within and among species of trees in the tropical rain forests of French Guiana. Trunk bark thickness increased by 1 center dot 2 mm per 10 cm increase in stem diameter, and varied widely at all taxonomic levels. Mean trunk bark thickness was 4 center dot 5 mm (range: 0 center dot 5-29 mm), which was less that found in two Amazonian rain forests in previous studies. This survey of bark thickness should be of use for forest management since tree survival through fire is strongly predicted by bark thickness. 3. We combined the survey data with multiple datasets to test several functional hypotheses proposed to explain variation in bark thickness. We found bark to provide an average of 10% of the flexural rigidity of tree stems, which was substantially less than that found in the only other study of bark stiffness. Bark thickness was uncorrelated with species' association with fire-prone habitats, suggesting that the influence of fire on bark thickness does not extend into moist Forests. There was also little evidence that bark thickness is affected by its function as a defence against herbivory. Nor was there evidence that thick bark limits trunk respiration. 4. A re-analysis of previously collected anatomical data indicated that variation in rhytidome (non-conducting outer bark) thickness explains much of the variation in overall bark thickness. As rhytidome is primarily involved in protecting the living tissues of the trunk, we suggest that bark thickness is driven mostly by its defensive function. 5. Functional explanations for the variation in bark thickness were not clear-cut. Nevertheless, this study provides a foundation for further investigation of the functional bases of bark in tropical trees. |
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[Paine, Charles Eliot Timothy] ENGREF, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: timothy.paine@ieu.uzh.ch |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000284589400005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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15 |
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Author |
Wagner, F.; Rutishauser, E.; Blanc, L.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Effects of Plot Size and Census Interval on Descriptors of Forest Structure and Dynamics |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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42 |
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6 |
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664-671 |
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Keywords |
Amazonia; biomass fluxes; coefficient of variation; forest permanent plots; turnover rates; WinBUGS |
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Abstract |
This study was designed to explicitly formulate the effect of census interval and plot size on the variability of descriptors of tropical forest structure (stand density, basal area, aboveground biomass [AGB]) and dynamic (tree growth, mortality and recruitment rates, biomass fluxes). A unique dataset from a broad plot network (37.5 ha) surveyed every 2 yr over a 16-yr period was used to develop and parameterize a new statistical model predicting the coefficients of variation for each forest descriptor. More than 90 percent of the inherent variability of these coefficients was predicted using a simple model including plot size and census interval in a Bayesian modeling framework. All descriptors of forest structure varied by <10 percent for plot sizes 42 ha. Among the descriptors of forest dynamics, AGB loss was the most variable. The number of 6.25 ha plots required to estimate its mean, over a 16-yr period, within a 20 percent error of the mean remains above four. This contrasts with a relative constant flux of biomass entering the plot through tree growth and tree recruitment. Tree growth was remarkably well estimated with <15 percent variability for a 2-yr census in a plot of 2 ha. This study provides an easy method to assess dataset limitations in efforts to estimate descriptors of forest structure and dynamic, which is of primary importance to decipher any clear consequences of global change in tropical forests. |
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[Wagner, Fabien; Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000283949700006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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16 |
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