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Author Ruelle, J.; Clair, B.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M.
Title Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 2. Comparison of some anatomical and ultrastructural criteria Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication IAWA Journal Abbreviated Journal IAWA J.
Volume 27 Issue (up) 4 Pages 341-376
Keywords tension wood; opposite wood; tropical rain forest; vessels; wood anatomy; wood fibre
Abstract The anatomy of tension wood and opposite wood was compared in 21 tropical rain forest trees from 21 species belonging to 18 families from French Guyana. Wood specimens were taken from the upper and lower sides of naturally tilted trees. Measurement of the growth stress level ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile-stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood and normally tensile-stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Quantitative parameters relating to fibres and vessels were measured on transverse sections of both tension and opposite wood to check if certain criteria can easily discriminate the two kinds of wood. We observed a decrease in the frequency of vessels in the tension wood in all the trees studied. Other criteria concerning shape and surface area of the vessels, fibre diameter or cell wall thickness did not reveal any general trend. At the ultrastructural level, we observed that the microfibril angle in the tension wood sample was lower than in opposite wood in all the trees except one (Licania membranacea).
Address UAG, ENGREF,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA,ECOFOG, CIRAD,CNRS, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0928-1541 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000242437400001 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 171
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Author Vedel, V.; Brena, C.; Arthur, W.
Title Demonstration of a heritable component of the variation in segment number in the centipede Strigamia maritima Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Evolution & Development Abbreviated Journal Evol. Dev.
Volume 11 Issue (up) 4 Pages 434-440
Keywords
Abstract Here we address the question of how arthropod segment number may evolve by reporting the results of further work on the model system Strigamia maritima. Recently, we showed that there was a plastic component of the variation in segment number within this species; now we demonstrate that there is also a heritable component. This is important because it enables a connection to be made between the known latitudinal trend among species of geophilomorph centipedes ( more segments at lower latitudes) and the parallel trend within them. This latter trend is best documented in S. maritima but is also known in several other species. However, while a general connection between the inter- and intraspecific trends can now be made, deciding upon a specific hypothesis of the nature of the selection involved is still problematic. We provide two alternative hypotheses, one based on the temperature-related plasticity in segment number being adaptive, the other based on it being nonadaptive.
Address [Vedel, Vincent; Arthur, Wallace] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Zool, Sch Nat Sci, Galway, Ireland, Email: wallace.arthur@nuigalway.ie
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1520-541X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000267659600011 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 200
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Author Orivel, J.; Grangier, J.; Foucaud, J.; Le Breton, J.; Andres, F.X.; Jourdan, H.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Fournier, D.; Cerdan, P.; Facon, B.; Estoup, A.; Dejean, A.
Title Ecologically heterogeneous populations of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata within its native and introduced ranges Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Ecological Entomology Abbreviated Journal Ecol. Entomol.
Volume 34 Issue (up) 4 Pages 504-512
Keywords Biological invasion; disturbance; ecological traits; native; Wasmannia auropunctata
Abstract 1. The biology of most invasive species in their native geographical areas remains largely unknown. Such studies are, however, crucial in shedding light on the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying biological invasions. 2. The present study focuses on the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata, a species native to Central and South America that has been widely introduced and which has become invasive throughout the tropics. We characterise and compare several ecological traits of native populations in French Guiana with those in one of its introduced ranges, New Caledonia. 3. We found ecologically heterogeneous populations of W. auropunctata coexisting in the species' native geographical area. First, we found populations restricted to naturally perturbed areas (particularly floodplains) within the primary forest, and absent from the surrounding forest areas. These populations were characterised by low nest and worker densities. Second, we found dominant populations in recent anthropogenic areas (e.g. secondary forest or forest edge along road) characterised by high nest and worker densities, and associated with low ant species richness. The local dominance of W. auropunctata in such areas can be due to the displacement of other species (cause) or the filling-up of empty habitats unsuitable to other ants (effect). With respect to their demographic features and ant species richness, the populations of native anthropogenic habitats were to a large extent similar to the invasive populations introduced into remote areas. 4. The results point to the need for greater research efforts to better understand the ecological and demographic features of invasive species within their native ranges.
Address [Orivel, Jerome; Grangier, Julien; Le Breton, Julien] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, CNRS, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: orivel@cict.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0307-6946 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000267659900010 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 202
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Author Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Quilichini, A.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.
Title Comparison between the anatomical and morphological structure of leaf blades and foliar domatia in the ant-plant Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae) Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Annals of Botany Abbreviated Journal Ann. Bot.
Volume 101 Issue (up) 4 Pages 501-507
Keywords anatomy; ant-plant mutualism; Chrysobalanaceae; extra-floral nectaries; French Guiana; Hirtella physophora; secondary domatia
Abstract Background and Aims Myrmecophytes, or ant-plants, are characterized by their ability to shelter colonies of some ant species in hollow structures, or ant-domatia, that are often formed by hypertrophy of the internal tissue at specific locations (i.e. trunk, branches, thorns and leaf pouches). In Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae), the focal species of this study, the ant-domatia consist of leaf pouches formed when the leaf rolls over onto itself to create two spheres at the base of the blade. Methods The morphological and anatomical changes through which foliar ant-domatia developed from the laminas are studied for the first time by using fresh and fixed mature leaves from the same H. physophora individuals. Key results Ant-domatia were characterized by larger extra-floral nectaries, longer stomatal apertures and lower stomatal density. The anatomical structure of the domatia differed in the parenchymatous tissue where palisade and spongy parenchyma were indistinct; chloroplast density was lower and lignified sclerenchymal fibres were more numerous compared with the lamina. In addition, the domatia were thicker than the lamina, largely because the parenchymatous and epidermal cells were enlarged. Conclusion Herein, the morphological and anatomical changes that permit foliar ant-domatia to be defined as a specialized leaf structure are highlighted. Similarities as well as structural modifications in the foliar ant-domatia compared with the lamina are discussed from botanical, functional and mutualistic points of view. These results are also important to understanding the reciprocal evolutionary changes in traits and, thus, the coevolutionary processes occurring in insect-plant mutualisms.
Address [Leroy, Celine; Quilichini, Angelique; Dejean, Alain; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5174, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: orivel@cict.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher OXFORD UNIV PRESS Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0305-7364 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000253489700003 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 212
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Author Parelle, J.; Zapater, M.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Kremer, A.; Jolivet, Y.; Dreyer, E.; Brendel, O.
Title Quantitative trait loci of tolerance to waterlogging in a European oak (Quercus robur L.): physiological relevance and temporal effect patterns Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Plant Cell and Environment Abbreviated Journal Plant Cell Environ.
Volume 30 Issue (up) 4 Pages 422-434
Keywords allelic substitution effect; correlation clustering; epinasty; hypertrophied lenticel; multi-environment model; root hypoxia
Abstract Quercus robur L. is a mid-European broadleaved tree species that grows readily on temporary waterlogged soils. An experiment aiming to identify potential markers of tolerance to waterlogging in this species and to assess the degree of genetic control over the corresponding traits was conducted. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were assessed in an F-1 progeny for responses to waterlogging, and the relevance of the observed traits as markers of tolerance was investigated using a precise description of the time course of their expression. Five significant QTL involved in the response to waterlogging were identified. In particular, QTL were detected for the development of hypertrophied lenticels and for the degree of leaf epinasty, but not for the formation of adventitious roots. A multi-environment QTL model allowed a detailed description of the time course (7 weeks) of the allelic substitution effect of some of these QTL. Correlation clustering identified significant clusters of QTL, at inter-trait as well as at intra-trait level. These clusters suggest the occurrence of a genetically controlled response cascade to waterlogging.
Address UHP, UMR 1137, Ctr INRA Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: brendel@nancy.inra.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher BLACKWELL PUBLISHING Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0140-7791 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000244419700005 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 219
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Author Almeras, T.; Yoshida, M.; Okuyama, T.
Title Strains inside xylem and inner bark of a stem submitted to a change in hydrostatic pressure Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Trees-Structure and Function Abbreviated Journal Trees-Struct. Funct.
Volume 20 Issue (up) 4 Pages 460-467
Keywords diurnal strains; hydrostatic pressure; xylem; inner bark; mechanical properties
Abstract Tangential strains were measured with strain gauges at the surface of xylem and inner bark of saplings of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. and Fagus silvatica L. during a pressurization test. The test consists in submitting the whole sapling to an artificially imposed hydrostatic pressure of increasing magnitude. The elastic response of the stems was found linear both at the surface of xylem and inner bark. A simple geometric model allows to compute radial strains in each tissue from tangential strain data. Inside inner bark, radial strains are much larger than tangential strains, because tangential strains are restrained by the core of wood. The material compliance of each tissue was computed as the ratio between the radial strain and the pressure that caused it. The material compliance of xylem is much lower than that of inner bark, but, as its thickness is much larger, its contribution to the apparent behavior of the stem is not negligible. Computation of material compliances by this pressurization test provides information about the specific behavior of each tissue in response to hydrostatic pressure. This can be used to estimate and interpret the calibration factor linking the water status of the plant to the apparent strain measured at its surface.
Address Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher SPRINGER Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0931-1890 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000237858100007 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 225
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Author Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.
Title Microhabitat associations and seedling bank dynamics in a neotropical forest Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal Oecologia
Volume 141 Issue (up) 4 Pages 701-712
Keywords French Guiana; life history traits; light availability; regeneration niche; soil nutrients
Abstract We conducted a rigorous test of tropical tree seedling microhabitat differentiation by examining microhabitat associations, survival and growth of established seedlings of ten tropical tree species representing a four-factor gradient in seed size. Eight microhabitat variables describing soil and light conditions were measured directly adjacent to each of 588 seedlings within twelve 10 x 100 m belt transects at Paracou, French Guiana, and at 264 reference points along the transects. From these measurements, we defined three principal components describing soil richness, soil softness and canopy openness. Six of ten species ( in 9 of 30 total cases) were distributed non-randomly with respect to microhabitat along at least one principal component. However, few species demonstrated clear microhabitat specialization. All shifts in distribution relative to reference points were in the same direction ( richer, softer soil). Furthermore, of 135 pairwise comparisons among the species, only 7 were significantly different. More than three-fourths of all seedlings (75.3%) survived over the 2-year monitoring period, but survival rates varied widely among species. In no case was the probability of survival influenced by any microhabitat parameter. Relative height growth rates for the seedlings over 2 years varied from – 0.031 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Dicorynia guianensis, Caesalpiniaceae) to 0.088 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Virola michelii, Myristicaceae). In only 4 of 30 cases was height growth significantly associated with one of the three principal components. Because the conditions in this study were designed to maximize the chance of finding microhabitat differentiation among a group of species differing greatly in life history traits, the lack of microhabitat specialization it uncovered suggests that microhabitat partitioning among tropical tree species at the established seedling stage is unlikely to contribute greatly to coexistence among these species.
Address INRA Kourou, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher SPRINGER Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0029-8549 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000224999800015 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 233
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Author Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R.
Title An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Ecological Modelling Abbreviated Journal Ecol. Model.
Volume 173 Issue (up) 4 Pages 335-354
Keywords model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation
Abstract A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3800 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000220392200002 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 238
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Author Bosc, A.; De Grandcourt, A.; Loustau, D.
Title Variability of stem and branch maintenance respiration in a Pinus pinaster tree Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Tree Physiology Abbreviated Journal Tree Physiol.
Volume 23 Issue (up) 4 Pages 227-236
Keywords model; nitrogen; phloem; sapwood; temperature
Abstract The relationship between maintenance respiration (R.) of woody organs and their structural characteristics was explored in adult Pinus pinaster Ait. trees. We measured R-m on 75 stem and branch segments of different ages (from 3 to 24 years) and diameters (from 1 to 35 cm). The temperature response of R-m was derived from field measurements based on a classical exponential function with Q(10) = 2.13. Relationships between R-m and the dimensions of the woody organs were analyzed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The surface area of a woody organ was a better predictor of R-m than volume, but surface area failed to account for the observed within-tree variability of R-m among stems, branches and twigs. Two simple models were proposed to predict the variability of R-m at 15 degreesC in an adult tree. Model 1, a linear function model based on the dry mass and nitrogen concentration of sapwood and phloem tissues, explained most of the variability of R-m in branches and stems (R-2 = 0.97). We concluded that the respective contributions of the phloem and sapwood depend on the location and diameter of the woody organ. Model 2, a power-law function model based on the length, diameter and age of the sample, explained the same variance of R-m as Model 1 and is appropriate for scaling R-m to the stand level. Models 1 and 2 appear to explain a larger variability of R-m than models based on stem area or sapwood mass.
Address INRA, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: alexandre.bosc@pierroton.inra.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher HERON PUBLISHING Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0829-318X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000181841200002 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 246
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Author Dutech, C.; Seiter, J.; Petronelli, P.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P.
Title Evidence of low gene flow in a neotropical clustered tree species in two rainforest stands of French Guiana Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal Mol. Ecol.
Volume 11 Issue (up) 4 Pages 725-738
Keywords Caesalpiniaceae; gene flow; recolonization process; spatial genetic structure; tropical rainforest; Vouacapoua americana
Abstract The spatial genetic structure of the neotropical, clustered tree species Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) was studied in two natural forest stands (Paracou and Nouragues) in French Guiana. Using eight microsatellite loci, V. americana is characterized by a marked genetic structure at small spatial distances (under 30-60 m), in agreement with the limited seed dispersal by rodent species. Gene flow through pollen is also shown to be mainly restricted to less than 100 m. This result suggests that most pollination events (mediated through small insects) are probably limited to within-patches of individuals, which might explain the high genetic differentiation among patches (F-ST = 0.11) separated by less than 2 km. We also assume that stronger genetic structure in Paracou is likely to be due to lower seed dispersal by rodents, large spatial distances separating patches, or a recent recolonization event.
Address CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: jarne@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0962-1083 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000175250300008 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 248
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