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Cochard, H.; Coste, S.; Chanson, B.; Guehl, J.M.; Nicolini, E. |
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Title |
Hydraulic architecture correlates with bud organogenesis and primary shoot growth in beech (Fagus sylvatica) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
25 |
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12 |
Pages |
1545-1552 |
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Keywords |
development; hydraulic conductance; leaf primordia; meristem; xylem |
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In beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), the number of leaf primordia preformed in the buds determines the length and the type (long versus short) of annual growth units, and thus, branch growth and architecture. We analyzed the correlation between the number of leaf primordia and the hydraulic conductance of the vascular system connected to the buds. Terminal buds of short growth units and axillary buds of long growth units on lower branches of mature trees were examined. Buds with less than four and more than five leaf primordia formed short and long growth units, respectively. Irrespective of the type of growth unit the bud was formed on, the occurrence of a large number of leaf primordia was associated with high xylem hydraulic conductance. Xylem conductance was correlated to the area of the outermost annual ring. These results suggest that organogenesis and primary growth in buds correlates with secondary growth of the growth units and thus with their hydraulic architecture. Possible causal relationships between the variables are discussed. |
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INRA UBP, UMR PIAF, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: cochard@clermont.inra.fr |
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HERON PUBLISHING |
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0829-318X |
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ISI:000234019900008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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281 |
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Sist, P.; Brown, N. |
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Title |
Silvicultural intensification for tropical forest conservation: a response to Fredericksen and Putz |
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2004 |
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Biodiversity and Conservation |
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13 |
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12 |
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2381-2385 |
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0960-3115 |
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WOS:000225691300011 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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308 |
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Groc, S.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Cereghino, R.; Orivel, J.; Jaladeau, F.; Grangier, J.; Mariano, C.S.F.; Dejean, A. |
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Ant species diversity in the 'Grands Causses' (Aveyron, France): In search of sampling methods adapted to temperate climates RID C-4034-2011 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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330 |
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12 |
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913-922 |
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ant diversity; Grands Causses; sampling methods; temperate climate |
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This study aimed at showing the applicability of using a combination of four sampling methods (i.e., Winkler extractors, pitfall traps, baiting and manual collection), something most often conducted in the tropics, to create an inventory of ant species diversity in temperate environments. We recorded a total of 33 ant species in the Grands Causses by comparing three vegetal formations: a steppic lawn ('causse' sensu stricto), which was the most species-rich (29 species), followed by an oak grove (22 species) and a pine forest (17 species). No sampling method alone is efficient enough to provide an adequate sampling, but their combination permits one to make a suitable inventory of the myrmecofauna and to obtain information on the ecology of these ant species. |
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[Groc, S; Orivel, J; Grangier, J; Dejean, A] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5174, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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English |
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1631-0691 |
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WOS:000251852800009 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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359 |
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Rifflet, A.; Tene, N.; Orivel, J.; Treilhou, M.; Dejean, A.; Vetillard, A. |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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Title |
Paralyzing Action from a Distance in an Arboreal African Ant Species |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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PLoS One |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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12 |
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e28571 |
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Due to their prowess in interspecific competition and ability to catch a wide range of arthropod prey (mostly termites with which they are engaged in an evolutionary arms race), ants are recognized as a good model for studying the chemicals involved in defensive and predatory behaviors. Ants' wide diversity of nesting habits and relationships with plants and prey types implies that these chemicals are also very diverse. Using the African myrmicine ant Crematogaster striatula as our focal species, we adopted a three-pronged research approach. We studied the aggressive and predatory behaviors of the ant workers, conducted bioassays on the effect of their Dufour gland contents on termites, and analyzed these contents. (1) The workers defend themselves or eliminate termites by orienting their abdominal tip toward the opponent, stinger protruded. The chemicals emitted, apparently volatile, trigger the recruitment of nestmates situated in the vicinity and act without the stinger having to come into direct contact with the opponent. Whereas alien ants competing with C. striatula for sugary food sources are repelled by this behavior and retreat further and further away, termites defend their nest whatever the danger. They face down C. striatula workers and end up by rolling onto their backs, their legs batting the air. (2) The bioassays showed that the toxicity of the Dufour gland contents acts in a time-dependent manner, leading to the irreversible paralysis, and, ultimately, death of the termites. (3) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed that the Dufour gland contains a mixture of mono- or polyunsaturated long-chain derivatives, bearing functional groups like oxo-alcohols or oxo-acetates. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry showed the presence of a molecule of 1584 Da that might be a large, acetylated alkaloid capable of splitting into smaller molecules that could be responsible for the final degree of venom toxicity. |
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Public Library of Science |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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376 |
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Fanin, N.; Barantal, S.; Fromin, N.; Schimann, H.; Schevin, P.; Hattenschwiler, S. |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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Distinct Microbial Limitations in Litter and Underlying Soil Revealed by Carbon and Nutrient Fertilization in a Tropical Rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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PLoS ONE |
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7 |
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12 |
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e49990 |
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Human-caused alterations of the carbon and nutrient cycles are expected to impact tropical ecosystems in the near future. Here we evaluated how a combined change in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability affects soil and litter microbial respiration and litter decomposition in an undisturbed Amazonian rainforest in French Guiana. In a fully factorial C (as cellulose), N (as urea), and P (as phosphate) fertilization experiment we analyzed a total of 540 litterbag-soil pairs after a 158-day exposure in the field. Rates of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) measured in litter and litter mass loss were similarly affected by fertilization showing the strongest stimulation when N and P were added simultaneously. The stimulating NP effect on litter SIR increased considerably with increasing initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in litter, suggesting that the combined availability of N, P, and a labile C source has a particularly strong effect on microbial activity. Cellulose fertilization, however, did not further stimulate the NP effect. In contrast to litter SIR and litter mass loss, soil SIR was reduced with N fertilization and showed only a positive effect in response to P fertilization that was further enhanced with additional C fertilization. Our data suggest that increased nutrient enrichment in the studied Amazonian rainforest can considerably change microbial activity and litter decomposition, and that these effects differ between the litter layer and the underlying soil. Any resulting change in relative C and nutrient fluxes between the litter layer and the soil can have important consequences for biogeochemical cycles in tropical forest ecosystems. © 2012 Fanin et al. |
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UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e49990 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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454 |
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Molto, Q.; Herault, B.; Boreux, J.-J.; Daullet, M.; Rousteau, A.; Rossi, V. |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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Title |
Predicting tree heights for biomass estimates in tropical forests -A test from French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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11 |
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12 |
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3121-3130 |
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The recent development of REDD+ mechanisms requires reliable estimation of carbon stocks, especially in tropical forests that are particularly threatened by global changes. Even though tree height is a crucial variable for computing aboveground forest biomass (AGB), it is rarely measured in large-scale forest censuses because it requires extra effort. Therefore, tree height has to be predicted with height models. The height and diameter of all trees over 10 cm in diameter were measured in 33 half-hectare plots and 9 one-hectare plots throughout northern French Guiana, an area with substantial climate and environmental gradients. We compared four different model shapes and found that the Michaelis-Menten shape was most appropriate for the tree biomass prediction. Model parameter values were significantly different from one forest plot to another, and this leads to large errors in biomass estimates. Variables from the forest stand structure explained a sufficient part of plot-to-plot variations of the height model parameters to improve the quality of the AGB predictions. In the forest stands dominated by small trees, the trees were found to have rapid height growth for small diameters. In forest stands dominated by larger trees, the trees were found to have the greatest heights for large diameters. The aboveground biomass estimation uncertainty of the forest plots was reduced by the use of the forest structure-based height model. It demonstrated the feasibility and the importance of height modeling in tropical forests for carbon mapping. When the tree heights are not measured in an inventory, they can be predicted with a height-diameter model and incorporating forest structure descriptors may improve the predictions. © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. |
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Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium |
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European Geosciences Union |
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17264189 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 3 July 2014; Correspondence Address: Molto, Q.; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Kourou, France; email: quentin.molto@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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550 |
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Hénaut, Y.; Corbara, B.; Pélozuelo, L.; Azémar, F.; Céréghino, R.; Herault, B.; Dejean, A. |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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A tank bromeliad favors spider presence in a neotropical inundated forest |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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9 |
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e114592 |
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Tank bromeliads are good models for understanding how climate change may affect biotic associations. We studied the relationships between spiders, the epiphytic tank bromeliad, Aechmea bracteata, and its associated ants in an inundated forest in Quintana Roo, Mexico, during a drought period while, exceptionally, this forest was dry and then during the flooding that followed. We compared spider abundance and diversity between “Aechmea-areas” and “control areas” of the same surface area. We recorded six spider families: the Dipluridae, Ctenidae, Salticidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae among which the funnel-web tarantula, Ischnothele caudata, the only Dipluridae noted, was the most abundant. During the drought period, the spiders were more numerous in the Aechmea areas than in the control areas, but they were not obligatorily associated with the Aechmea.
During the subsequent flooding, the spiders were concentrated in the A. bracteata patches, particularly those sheltering an ant colony. Also, a kind of specificity existed between certain spider taxa and ant species, but varied between the drought period and subsequent flooding. We conclude that climatic events modulate the relationship between A. bracteata patches and their associated fauna. Tank bromeliads, previously considered only for their ecological importance in supplying food and water during drought, may also be considered refuges for spiders during flooding. More generally, tank bromeliads have an important role in preserving non-specialized fauna in inundated forests. |
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Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus AgronomiqueKourou, France |
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Export Date: 23 December 2014 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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573 |
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Aubry-Kientz, M.; Rossi, V.; Boreux, J.-J.; Herault, B. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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A joint individual-based model coupling growth and mortality reveals that tree vigor is a key component of tropical forest dynamics |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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5 |
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2457-2465 |
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Bayesian framework; Estimation method; Individual-based model; Linked models; Mcmc; Paracou; Tropical forest dynamic |
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Tree vigor is often used as a covariate when tree mortality is predicted from tree growth in tropical forest dynamic models, but it is rarely explicitly accounted for in a coherent modeling framework. We quantify tree vigor at the individual tree level, based on the difference between expected and observed growth. The available methods to join nonlinear tree growth and mortality processes are not commonly used by forest ecologists so that we develop an inference methodology based on an MCMC approach, allowing us to sample the parameters of the growth and mortality model according to their posterior distribution using the joint model likelihood. We apply our framework to a set of data on the 20-year dynamics of a forest in Paracou, French Guiana, taking advantage of functional trait-based growth and mortality models already developed independently. Our results showed that growth and mortality are intimately linked and that the vigor estimator is an essential predictor of mortality, highlighting that trees growing more than expected have a far lower probability of dying. Our joint model methodology is sufficiently generic to be used to join two longitudinal and punctual linked processes and thus may be applied to a wide range of growth and mortality models. In the context of global changes, such joint models are urgently needed in tropical forests to analyze, and then predict, the effects of the ongoing changes on the tree dynamics in hyperdiverse tropical forests. © 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'environnement, Université de Liège, Arlon, Belgium |
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Export Date: 3 July 2015 |
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608 |
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Moore, A.L.; McCarthy, M.A.; Parris, K.M.; Moore, J.L. |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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The optimal number of surveys when detectability varies |
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2014 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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9 |
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e115345 |
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The survey of plant and animal populations is central to undertaking field ecology. However, detection is imperfect, so the absence of a species cannot be determined with certainty. Methods developed to account for imperfect detectability during surveys do not yet account for stochastic variation in detectability over time or space. When each survey entails a fixed cost that is not spent searching (e.g., time required to travel to the site), stochastic detection rates result in a trade-off between the number of surveys and the length of each survey when surveying a single site. We present a model that addresses this trade-off and use it to determine the number of surveys that: 1) maximizes the expected probability of detection over the entire survey period; and 2) is most likely to achieve a minimally-acceptable probability of detection. We illustrate the applicability of our approach using three practical examples (minimum survey effort protocols, number of frog surveys per season, and number of quadrats per site to detect a plant species) and test our model's predictions using data from experimental plant surveys. We find that when maximizing the expected probability of detection, the optimal survey design is most sensitive to the coefficient of variation in the rate of detection and the ratio of the search budget to the travel cost. When maximizing the likelihood of achieving a particular probability of detection, the optimal survey design is most sensitive to the required probability of detection, the expected number of detections if the budget were spent only on searching, and the expected number of detections that are missed due to travel costs. We find that accounting for stochasticity in detection rates is likely to be particularly important for designing surveys when detection rates are low. Our model provides a framework to do this. © 2014 Moore et al. |
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School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia |
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Export Date: 8 September 2015 |
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618 |
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Siefert, A.; Violle, C.; Chalmandrier, L.; Albert, C.H.; Taudiere, A.; Fajardo, A.; Aarssen, L.W.; Baraloto, C.; Carlucci, M.B.; Cianciaruso, M.V.; de L. Dantas, V.; de Bello, F.; Duarte, L.D.S.; Fonseca, C.R.; Freschet, G.T.; Gaucherand, S.; Gross, N.; Hikosaka, K.; Jackson, B.; Jung, V.; Kamiyama, C.; Katabuchi, M.; Kembel, S.W.; Kichenin, E.; Kraft, N.J.B.; Lagerström, A.; Bagousse-Pinguet, Y.L.; Li, Y.; Mason, N.; Messier, J.; Nakashizuka, T.; Overton, J.M.; Peltzer, D.A.; Pérez-Ramos, I.M.; Pillar, V.D.; Prentice, H.C.; Richardson, S.; Sasaki, T.; Schamp, B.S.; Schöb, C.; Shipley, B.; Sundqvist, M.; Sykes, M.T.; Vandewalle, M.; Wardle, D.A. |
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A global meta-analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology Letters |
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18 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
12 |
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1406-1419 |
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Community ecology; Functional diversity; Interspecific variation; Intraspecific variability; Leaf trait; Plant functional trait; Trait-based ecology |
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Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the total trait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole-plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ-level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait-based community and ecosystem studies. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS. |
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Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, Sweden |
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Export Date: 16 November 2015 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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637 |
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