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Michalet, S.; Rohr, J.; Warshan, D.; Bardon, C.; Roggy, J.-C.; Domenach, A.-M.; Czarnes, S.; Pommier, T.; Combourieu, B.; Guillaumaud, N.; Bellvert, F.; Comte, G.; Poly, F. |
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Phytochemical analysis of mature tree root exudates in situ and their role in shaping soil microbial communities in relation to tree N-acquisition strategy |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Physiol. Biochem. |
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72 |
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169-177 |
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Chemical ecology; Denitrification; Eperua falcata; Metabolic profiling; Mycorrhizae; Plant-microbes interactions; Root exudates |
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Eperua falcata (Aublet), a late-successional species in tropical rainforest and one of the most abundant tree in French Guiana, has developed an original strategy concerning N-acquisition by largely preferring nitrate, rather than ammonium (H. Schimann, S. Ponton, S. Hättenschwiler, B. Ferry, R. Lensi, A.M. Domenach, J.C. Roggy, Differing nitrogen use strategies of two tropical rainforest tree species in French Guiana: evidence from 15N natural abundance and microbial activities, Soil Biol. Biochem. 40 (2008) 487-494). Given the preference of this species for nitrate, we hypothesized that root exudates would promote nitrate availability by (a) enhancing nitrate production by stimulating ammonium oxidation or (b) minimizing nitrate losses by inhibiting denitrification.Root exudates were collected in situ in monospecific planted plots. The phytochemical analysis of these exudates and of several of their corresponding root extracts was achieved using UHPLC/DAD/ESI-QTOF and allowed the identification of diverse secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid family.Our results show that (i) the distinct exudation patterns observed are related to distinct root morphologies, and this was associated with a shift in the root flavonoid content, (ii) a root extract representative of the diverse compounds detected in roots showed a significant and selective metabolic inhibition of isolated denitrifiers invitro, and (iii) in soil plots the abundance of nirK-type denitrifiers was negatively affected in rhizosphere soil compared to bulk. Altogether this led us to formulate hypothesis concerning the ecological role of the identified compounds in relation to N-acquisition strategy of this species. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. |
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SOLICAZ, c/o Guyane Technopole 16 bis rue du 14 Juillet, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 15 November 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ppbie; doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.003; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Michalet, S.; Université Lyon1, CNRS, UMR5557, INRA, USC1364, Ecologie Microbienne, Centre d'Etude des Substances Naturelles, Pavillon Nétien, ISPB, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex, France; email: sergemichalet@yahoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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509 |
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Solander, K.C.; Newman, B.D.; Carioca De Araujo, A.; Barnard, H.R.; Berry, Z.C.; Bonal, D.; Bretfeld, M.; Burban, B.; Candido, L.A.; Célleri, R.; Chambers, J.Q.; Christoffersen, B.O.; Detto, M.; Dorigo, W.A.; Ewers, B.E.; Ferreira, S.J.F.; Knohl, A.; Leung, L.R.; McDowell, N.G.; Miller, G.R.; Monteiro, M.T.F.; Moore, G.W.; Negron-Juarez, R.; Saleska, S.R.; Stiegler, C.; Tomasella, J.; Xu, C. |
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Title |
The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |
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24 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
2303-2322 |
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Cluster analysis; Oceanography; Soil moisture; Surface waters; Tropics; Climate anomalies; Clustered datum; Hydrologic changes; Land data assimilation systems; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Situ soil moistures; Tropical hydrologies; Tropical Pacific ocean; Soil surveys |
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The 2015–2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997–1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015–2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25∘) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982–1983, 1997–1998 and 2015–2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2=0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales. |
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Coordination of Research and Development, National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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10275606 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 29 May 2020; Correspondence Address: Solander, K.C.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National LaboratoryUnited States; email: ksolander@lanl.gov |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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934 |
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Blanc, L.; Echard, M.; Herault, B.; Bonal, D.; Marcon, E.; Chave, J.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Dynamics of aboveground carbon stocks in a selectively logged tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecological Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Appl. |
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19 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1397-1404 |
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aboveground biomass; carbon sequestration; deforestation; French Guiana; global change; timber stand improvement; tropical forests |
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The expansion of selective logging in tropical forests may be an important source of global carbon emissions. However, the effects of logging practices on the carbon cycle have never been quantified over long periods of time. We followed the fate of more than 60 000 tropical trees over 23 years to assess changes in aboveground carbon stocks in 48 1.56-ha plots in French Guiana that represent a gradient of timber harvest intensities, with and without intensive timber stand improvement (TSI) treatments to stimulate timber tree growth. Conventional selective logging led to emissions equivalent to more than a third of aboveground carbon stocks in plots without TSI (85 Mg C/ha), while plots with TSI lost more than one-half of aboveground carbon stocks (142 Mg C/ha). Within 20 years of logging, plots without TSI sequestered aboveground carbon equivalent to more than 80% of aboveground carbon lost to logging (-70.7 Mg C/ha), and our simulations predicted an equilibrium aboveground carbon balance within 45 years of logging. In contrast, plots with intensive TSI are predicted to require more than 100 years to sequester aboveground carbon lost to emissions. These results indicate that in some tropical forests aboveground carbon storage can be recovered within half a century after conventional logging at moderate harvest intensities. |
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[Bonal, Damien; Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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1051-0761 |
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ISI:000269075200003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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105 |
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Maia, A.C.D.; Schlindwein, C.; Navarro, D.M.A.F.; Gibernau, M. |
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Title |
Pollination of Philodendron Acutatum (Araceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil: A Single Scarab Beetle Species Guarantees High Fruit Set |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
International Journal of Plant Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Plant Sci. |
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171 |
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7 |
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740-748 |
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Cyclocephala; floral volatiles; pollination specificity; reproductive success; thermogenesis |
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Philodendron acutatum (Araceae) is a hemiepiphyte common to the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. In two localities, we studied the species' breeding system and associations with flower-visiting insects, along with an analysis of its floral scent composition. The fruit set of self-incompatible P. acutatum was high, more than 90%, and inflorescences were exclusively pollinated by one species of scarab beetle, Cyclocephala celata (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). Pollinators are drawn toward the inflorescences at dusk by strong floral fragrances given off during the female phase of anthesis, along with endogenous heating of the spadix, whose temperatures were recorded at more than 11 degrees C above ambient air. Two other species of flower-visiting Cyclocephala were also consistently recovered in blacklight trappings during the flowering period of P. acutatum. The fact that only C. celata was found in association with P. acutatum suggests a local reproductive dependence of the plant to this scarab beetle species. Dihydro-beta-ionone and 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanone, a rare volatile molecule so far unreported as a floral compound, together accounted for more than 97% of the unique scent composition of P. acutatum and might be involved in specific attraction of C. celata. |
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[Dalia Maia, Artur Campos] Univ Fed Paraiba, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, Email: arturcamposmaia@yahoo.com.br |
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UNIV CHICAGO PRESS |
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1058-5893 |
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ISI:000280855800003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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46 |
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Guerrero, R.J.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dejean, A. |
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Taxonomic Contribution to the aurita Group of the Ant Genus Azteca (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Journal of Hymenoptera Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Hymenopt. Res. |
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19 |
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1 |
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51-65 |
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We describe five new species in the aurita group of the genus Azteca: Azteca andreae sp. n. (French Guiana), Azteca diabolica sp. n. (Panama), Azteca laurae sp. n. (Brazil), Azteca linamariae sp. n. (Brazil and Colombia) and Azteca snellingi sp. n. (Panama). Four of these new species are based on gynes, while the last is based only on the worker caste. All of them bear the aurita group characteristics. The second taxon is remarkable, as it differs from all of the other members of the group in the exaggerated, horn-like extensions of the posterolateral vertex margins. Azteca snellingi sp. n. is named in honor of our colleague, Roy Snelling, in tribute to his life-long contribution to knowledge of the world of Hymenoptera. A key to all known species of the aurita group, based on gynes, is provided. We report also for the first time an intercast case for the genus Azteca, based on an Azteca schimperi specimen. |
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[Guerrero, Roberto J.] Univ Magdalena, INTROPIC, Grp Invest Insectos Neotrop, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, Email: robertojoseguerreroflorez@gmail.com |
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INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS |
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1070-9428 |
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ISI:000285775800005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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279 |
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Petit, M.; Céréghino, R.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dezerald, O.; Petitclerc, F.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Are ontogenetic shifts in foliar structure and resource acquisition spatially conditioned in tank-bromeliads? |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
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Bot J Linn Soc |
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175 |
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2 |
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299-312 |
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Aechmea mertensii; Camponotus femoratus; French Guiana; leaf traits; mutualistic ants; natural stable isotopes; ontogeny; Pachycondyla goeldii; phenotypic plasticity; plant morphology |
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The phenotypic plasticity of plants has been explored as a function of either ontogeny (apparent plasticity) or environment (adaptive plasticity), although few studies have analyzed these factors together. In the present study, we take advantage of the dispersal of Aechmea mertensii bromeliads by Camponotus femoratus or Pachycondyla goeldii ants in shaded and sunny environments, respectively, to quantify ontogenetic changes in morphological, foliar, and functional traits, and to analyze ontogenetic and ant species effects on 14 traits. Most of the morphological (plant height, number of leaves), foliar (leaf thickness, leaf mass area, total water content, trichome density), and functional (leaf δ13C) traits differed as a function of ontogeny. Conversely, only leaf δ15N showed an adaptive phenotypic plasticity. On the other hand, plant width, tank width, longest leaf length, stomatal density, and leaf C concentration showed an adaptation to local environment with ontogeny. The exception was leaf N concentration, which showed no trend at all. Aechmea mertensii did not show an abrupt morphological modification such as in heteroblastic bromeliads, although it was characterized by strong, size-related functional modifications for CO2 acquisition. The adaptive phenotypic variation found between the two ant species indicates the spatially conditioned plasticity of A. mertensii in the context of insect-assisted dispersal. However, ant-mediated effects on phenotypic plasticity in A. mertensii are not obvious because ant species and light environment are confounding variables. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 175, 299–312. |
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1095-8339 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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564 |
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Ghislain, B.; Nicolini, E.-A.; Romain, R.; Ruelle, J.; Yoshinaga, A.; Alford, M.H.; Clair, B. |
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Multilayered structure of tension wood cell walls in Salicaceae sensu lato and its taxonomic significance |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
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Bot. J. Linn. Soc. |
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182 |
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4 |
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744-756 |
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Flacourtiaceae; G-layer; multilayered tension wood; reaction wood |
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Salicaceae have been enlarged to include a majority of the species formerly placed in the polyphyletic tropical Flacourtiaceae. Several studies have reported a peculiar and infrequently formed multilayered structure of tension wood in four of the tropical genera. Tension wood is a tissue produced by trees to restore their vertical orientation and most studies have focused on trees developing tension wood by means of cellulose-rich, gelatinous fibres, as in Populus and Salix (Salicaceae s.s.). This study aims to determine if the multilayered structure of tension wood is an anatomical characteristic common in other Salicaceae and, if so, how its distribution correlates to phylogenetic relationships. Therefore, we studied the tension wood of 14 genera of Salicaceae and two genera of Achariaceae, one genus of Goupiaceae and one genus of Lacistemataceae, families closely related to Salicaceae or formerly placed in Flacourtiaceae. Opposite wood and tension wood were compared with light microscopy and three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicate that a multilayered structure of tension wood is common in the family except in Salix, Populus and one of their closest relatives, Idesia polycarpa. We suggest that tension wood may be a useful anatomical character in understanding phylogenetic relationships in Salicaceae. Further investigation is still needed on the tension wood of several other putatively close relatives of Salix and Populus, in particular Bennettiodendron, Macrohasseltia and Itoa. |
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1095-8339 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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718 |
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Rutishauser, E.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B.; Nicolini, E.A.; Blanc, L. |
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Contrasting above-ground biomass balance in a Neotropical rain forest |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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21 |
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4 |
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672-682 |
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Biomass balance; Biomass fluxes; Forest dynamics; Permanent plots; Tropical forests |
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Question What are the relative roles of tree growth, mortality and recruitment in variations of above-ground biomass in tropical forests? Location Paracou, French Guiana. Methods We quantified the contribution of growth, recruitment and mortality to total biomass of stands (trees DBH >= 10 cm) in six 6.25-ha permanent plots over 16 yr. Live biomass stocks and fluxes were computed for four separate size classes. Results All plots showed increasing biomass stocks over the study period, with an average value of +0.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Plots aggrading biomass were characterized by either minor biomass losses due to mortality or substantial increases in the biomass of large trees (DBH >= 60 cm). Conclusions Within the study period, the rarity of mortality events could not counter-balance the slow permanent increase in biomass, resulting in an apparent increase in biomass. Accounting for such rare events results in no net change in biomass balance. |
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[Rutishauser, Ervan; Nicolini, Eric-Andre] Cirad, UMR AMAP, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: ervan.rutishauser@cirad.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1100-9233 |
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ISI:000279450200005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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52 |
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Traissac, S.; Pascal, J.-P. |
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Birth and life of tree aggregates in tropical forest: Hypotheses on population dynamics of an aggregated shade-tolerant species |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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25 |
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2 |
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491-502 |
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Clusters; Colonization strategy; Janzen-Connell; Spatial analysis; Spatial pattern; Vouacapoua americana |
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Questions: Several studies have described aggregated spatial patterns in tropical tree species. This study investigates aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet), a climax species whose spatial pattern is not simply related to light and soil conditions or to its short seed dispersal range. Location: Two rain forest sites: Nouragues and Paracou, in the Guiana Shield. Methods: We described the spatial pattern of tree locations and spatial autocorrelation of tree diameters, using statistics derived from Ripley's K. We particularly used methods to define analysis subplots according to local density or local mean diameter. We investigated relationships between spatial distributions of adults and saplings. Results: At both sites, populations of Vouacapoua demonstrated several nested levels of aggregation. Tree diameters were spatially autocorrelated, revealing the existence of clusters with similar diameters. In the largest aggregates, tree diameters declined from the centre to the edge. Regeneration was aggregated and occurred mainly at cluster edges and around rare isolated trees, and sapling densities and basal area of adults were negatively correlated. We show that long-distance dispersal events are rare. Conclusions: Environmental factors and seed dispersal only explain part of the observed spatial patterns. We provide two main hypotheses about Vouacapoua population dynamics. First, the lack of regeneration in aggregate centres results in the ageing of existing aggregates. We suggest that this lack of recruitment close to mature trees is due to a Janzen-Connell effect. However, aggregates can continue to grow along colonization fronts. Second, long-distance dispersal events allow the formation of new clusters and play a crucial role in the colonization process. We investigate aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) whose spatial pattern is not simply related to environmental conditions or to its seed dispersal. Regeneration does not occur in centers of aggregate of adults. We suggest that rare long-distance dispersal events and density-dependence predation of seeds and seedlings play a crucial role in formation of new clusters and structuration of larger aggregates. © 2013 International Association for Vegetation Science. |
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69100, France |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jvese; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Traissac, S.; AgroParisTech, UMR ECOlogie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 709, Kourou, 97387, France; email: stephane.traissac@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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532 |
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Author |
Vleminckx, J.; Bauman, D.; Demanet, M.; Hardy, O.J.; Doucet, J.-L.; Drouet, T. |
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Past human disturbances and soil fertility both influence the distribution of light-demanding tree species in a Central African tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Journal of Vegetation Science |
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J. Veg. Sci. |
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31 |
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3 |
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440-453 |
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Keywords |
light-demanding species; moist tropical forests; past human disturbances; shade-bearer species; soil charcoal abundance; soil properties; tree community assemblages; wood-specific gravity; anthropogenic effect; forest canopy; forest ecosystem; shifting cultivation; soil fertility; soil property; tree; tropical forest; Cameroon |
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Abstract |
Questions: In vast areas of Central African forests, the upper canopy is presently dominated by light-demanding tree species. Here, we confront three hypotheses to explain this dominance: (a) these species have expanded their distribution because of widespread past slash-and-burn activities, as suggested by important charcoal amounts recorded in the soils of the region; (b) their abundance is rather explained by soil properties, as this guild establishes preferentially on favourable physico-chemical conditions for rapid growth; (c) soil properties have been substantially influenced by past human disturbances and those two effects cannot be disentangled. Location: Pallisco-CIFM logging concession, southeastern Cameroon (300,000 ha). Methods: We quantified soil charcoal abundance and measured ten soil variables at the basis of 60 target trees that belonged to a list of three long-living pioneer light-demanding (LLP) and four shade-bearer (SB) species. We identified all stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 20 cm within a distance of 15 m around each target tree. Species were characterised by their wood-specific gravity (WSG), which reflected their light requirement. Multiple regression models were used to quantify and test the relative effects of charcoal abundance and soil variables on the mean WSG of the 60 tree communities, as well as the abundance of three guilds: LLP, SB, and non-pioneer light demanders (NPLD). Results: The mean WSG was the only response variable significantly explained by soil variables and charcoal abundance combined. It was significantly negatively associated with soil calcium and Mg content and with charcoal abundance, with soil and charcoal influencing the mean WSG independently. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that past human disturbances and soil fertility have independently promoted the establishment of light-demanding species in western Central African forests, thereby shedding light on tree community assembly rules in these ecosystems which remain considerably understudied compared to the tropical forests of other continents. © 2020 International Association for Vegetation Science |
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Forest is life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Université de Liège – Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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