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Author Bleron, L.; Duchanois, G.; Thibaut, B. openurl 
  Title Characteristic properties of embedding strength for the nailing of the gonfolio rose (Qualea rosea Aubl.) Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Holzforschung Abbreviated Journal Holzforschung  
  Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 86-90  
  Keywords embedding strength; Eurocode V; nail  
  Abstract Experimental results are presented with single nail joints of gonfolo rose which were loaded at different grain angles and compared to results obtained by Eurocode V. A wide range of embedding strength tests was conducted. The embedding behaviour across the grain was also investigated with a specific test apparatus. The results were analysed and modelled in terms of strength. Initial loading and unloading stiffness of the timber have been taken into account. The embedment strength of the nails varied according to the angle between the direction of loading and that to the grain. This work is part of a larger research project to establish a computer program for the prediction of stiffness and limit strengths of all timber-to-timber and timber-to-steel joints.  
  Address [Bleron, Laurent] LABOMAP ENSAM, F-71250 Poret De Paris, Cluny, France, Email: laurent.bleron@cluny.ensam.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-3830 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000252041400013 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 144  
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Author Marchal, R.; Mothe, F.; Denaud, L.E.; Thibaut, B.; Bleron, L. openurl 
  Title Cutting forces in wood machining – Basics and applications in industrial processes. A review COST Action E35 2004-2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Holzforschung Abbreviated Journal Holzforschung  
  Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 157-167  
  Keywords cutting forces; online control; peeling process; physico-mechanical model; sound; vibrations; wood industry; wood machining  
  Abstract The data available in the literature concerning wood cutting forces permits to build models or to simulate the main wood machining processes ( milling, sawing, peeling, etc.). This approach contributes to a better understanding of formation of wood surfaces and chips and the data may be helpful to optimise cutting geometry, reduce tool wear, improve tool material, and to size tool-machines. The models may also be useful for industrial application in two ways: ( 1) providing data to optimise the settings for a given operation ( batch approach), and ( 2) building predictive models that could be the basis of an online control system for the machining processes ( interactive approach). A prerequisite for this is that numerous machining tests on different wood materials are performed based on experiences with different kind of tools and experimental devices. With a focus on potential industrial applications, the emphasis of this review was on the wood peeling process, which is a very demanding special case of wood cutting. Although not so many industrial machines are equipped with expensive force sensors, there is a lot of high quality information available about cutting forces which may be useful to improve the scientific or technological knowledge in wood machining. Alternative parameters, such as vibration or sound measurements, appear to be promising substitutes in the praxis, particularly to feed online control systems of any wood cutting process.  
  Address [Marchal, Remy; Bleron, Laurent] Arts & Metiers ParisTech, LABOMAP, F-71250 Cluny, France, Email: remy.marchal@cluny.ensam.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-3830 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000263932200006 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 205  
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Author Clair, B.; Jaouen, G.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M. openurl 
  Title Mapping radial, tangential and longitudinal shrinkages and relation to tension wood in discs of the tropical tree Symphonia globulifera Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Holzforschung Abbreviated Journal Holzforschung  
  Volume 57 Issue 6 Pages 665-671  
  Keywords drying shrinkage; tension wood; Symphonia globulifera L. f.  
  Abstract A method for measuring shrinkage resulting from drying in the three anisotropic directions is developed and tested. Measurements are performed on sawn discs, a technique which simplifies preparation and enables large numbers of measurements. Shrinkage values can be represented as a map of the disc surface. The results indicate that comparisons between shrinkage distribution and tension wood distribution on the discs show a clear relationship and can be measured with relatively high accuracy in reference to the shrinkage map. In the long term, this method could be useful in the timber industry as a means for choosing the direction in which logs are cut depending on their type of wood composition.  
  Address CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-3830 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000186257800016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 243  
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Author Almeras, T.; Gril, J.; Yamamoto, H. openurl 
  Title Modelling anisotropic maturation strains in wood in relation to fibre boundary conditions, microstructure and maturation kinetics Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Holzforschung Abbreviated Journal Holzforschung  
  Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 347-353  
  Keywords anisotropy; boundary conditions; cell-wall maturation; growth strain; multilayer model; residual stress; wood fibre  
  Abstract A generalisation of existing mechanical models is proposed to account for the relation between wood macroscopic properties and fibre microstructure and chemical composition. It is applied to understanding of the origin of anisotropic maturation strains measured at the outermost surface of the xylem. Various assumptions are considered for boundary conditions of the fibre during the progressive maturation process and are applied to experimental data from the literature. Assumptions that the fibre is fully restrained in displacement, or fully unrestrained or unrestrained in the transverse direction only are all incompatible with observations. Indeed, within the tree, the fibre is restrained in the longitudinal and tangential directions, but unrestrained in the radial direction towards the bark. Mixed boundary conditions must be introduced to correctly simulate both longitudinal and tangential maturation strains. In the context of an analytical axisymmetric model, this is estimated by considering a parameter of partial release of tangential stress during maturation. Consistence with data and with finite element computation in the case of a square fibre confirmed that, because of the unrestrained radial condition, a large part of the tangential maturation stress is released in situ.  
  Address Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: tancrede@nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-3830 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000228828800016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 256  
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Author Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Thibaut, B. openurl 
  Title Relationship between growth stress, mechanical-physical properties and proportion of fibre with gelatinous layer in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Holzforschung Abbreviated Journal Holzforschung  
  Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 189-195  
  Keywords growth stress; longitudinal Young's modulus; shrinkage; normal wood; tension wood; gelatinous layer; Castanea Sativa  
  Abstract A range of mechanical and physical properties were determined for 96 specimens of chestnut wood and for wood types ranging from compression to tension wood; tests included (1) growth stress, (2) longitudinal Young's modulus in green and air-dried states (3) shrinkage in longitudinal and tangential directions. Anatomical observations permitted determination of the proportion of fibres with a gelatinous layer. The influence of these atypical fibres on macroscopic wood properties is examined and discussed. A basic model is proposed to determine their properties in theoretically isolated conditions.  
  Address Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-3830 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000181797800011 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 274  
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Author Derory, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Le Dantec, L.; Graignic, N.; Jauffres, A.; Casasoli, M.; Chancerel, E.; Bodenes, C.; Alberto, F.; Kremer, A. openurl 
  Title Contrasting relations between diversity of candidate genes and variation of bud burst in natural and segregating populations of European oaks Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Heredity Abbreviated Journal Heredity  
  Volume 105 Issue 4 Pages 401-411  
  Keywords nucleotide diversity; candidate gene; QTL; Quercus petraea  
  Abstract Nucleotide diversity was assessed within nine candidate genes (in total 4.6 kb) for the time of bud burst in nine sessile oak (Quercus petraea) populations distributed in central and northern Europe. The sampled populations were selected on the basis of their contrasting time of bud burst observed in common garden experiments (provenance tests). The candidate genes were selected according to their expression profiles during the transition from quiescent to developing buds and/or their functional role in model plants. The overall nucleotide diversity was large (pi(tot) – 6.15 x 10(-3); pi(silent) – 11.2 x 10(-3)), but population differentiation was not larger than for microsatellites. No outlier single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), departing from neutral expectation, was found among the total of 125 SNPs. These results contrasted markedly with the significant associations that were observed between the candidate genes and bud burst in segregating populations. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for bud burst were identified for 13 year*site seasonal observations in a cloned mapping pedigree. Nineteen QTLs were detected, and QTLs located on linkage groups 2, 5 and 9 contributed repeatedly to more than 12% of the phenotypic variation of the trait. Eight genes were polymorphic in the two parents of the pedigree and could be mapped on the existing genetic map. Five of them located within the confidence intervals of QTLs for bud burst. Interestingly, four of them located within the three QTLs exhibiting the largest contributions to bud burst. Heredity (2010) 105, 401-411; doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.170; published online 9 December 2009  
  Address [Derory, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Graignic, N.; Jauffres, A.; Casasoli, M.; Chancerel, E.; Bodenes, C.; Alberto, F.; Kremer, A.] INRA, BIOGECO UMR1202, F-33610 Cestas, France, Email: antoine.kremer@pierroton.inra.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-067X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000282059900010 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 41  
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Author Derory, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Le Dantec, L.; Graignic, N.; Jauffres, A.; Casasoli, M.; Chancerel, E.; Bodenes, C.; Alberto, F.; Kremer, A. openurl 
  Title Contrasting relationships between the diversity of candidate genes and variation of bud burst in natural and segregating populations of European oaks Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Heredity Abbreviated Journal Heredity  
  Volume 104 Issue 5 Pages 438-448  
  Keywords nucleotide diversity; candidate gene; QTL; Qeurcus petraea  
  Abstract Nucleotide diversity was assessed within nine candidate genes (CGs) (in total 4.6 kb) for the time of bud burst in nine sessile oak (Quercus petraea) populations distributed in central and northern Europe. The sampled populations were selected on the basis of their contrasting times of bud burst observed in common garden experiments (provenance tests). The CGs were selected according to their expression profiles during the transition from quiescent to developing buds and/or their functional role in model plants. The overall nucleotide diversity was large (pi(tot) = 6.15 x 10(-3); pi(silent) = 11.2 x 10(-3)), but population differentiation was not larger than for microsatellites. No outlier single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) departing from neutral expectation was found among the total of 125 SNPs. These results contrasted markedly with the significant associations that were observed between the CGs and bud burst in segregating populations. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for bud burst were identified for 13 year*site seasonal observations in a cloned mapping pedigree. Nineteen QTLs were detected, and QTLs located on linkage groups 2, 5 and 9 contributed repeatedly to more than 12% of the phenotypic variation of the trait. Eight genes were polymorphic in the two parents of the pedigree and could be mapped on the existing genetic map. Five of them located within the confidence intervals of QTLs for bud burst. Interestingly, four of them located within the three QTLs exhibiting the largest contributions to bud burst. Heredity (2010) 104, 438-448; doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.134; published online 7 October 2009  
  Address [Derory, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Graignic, N.; Jauffres, A.; Casasoli, M.; Chancerel, E.; Bodenes, C.; Alberto, F.; Kremer, A.] INRA, BIOGECO UMR1202, F-33610 Cestas, France, Email: antoine.kremer@pierroton.inra.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-067X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000276952000005 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 60  
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Author Foucaud, J.; Estoup, A.; Loiseau, A.; Rey, O.; Orivel, J. openurl 
  Title Thelytokous parthenogenesis, male clonality and genetic caste determination in the little fire ant: new evidence and insights from the lab Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Heredity Abbreviated Journal Heredity  
  Volume 105 Issue 2 Pages 205-212  
  Keywords reproduction system; thelytokous parthenogenesis; male clonality; genetic caste determination; Wasmannia auropunctata  
  Abstract Previous studies indicate that some populations of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, display an unusual reproduction system polymorphism. Although some populations have a classical haplodiploid reproduction system, in other populations queens are produced by thelytokous parthenogenesis, males are produced by a male clonality system and workers are produced sexually. An atypical genetic caste determination system was also suggested. However, these conclusions were indirectly inferred from genetic studies on field population samples. Here we set up experimental laboratory nests that allow the control of the parental relationships between individuals. The queens heading those nests originated from either putatively clonal or sexual populations. We characterized the male, queen and worker offspring they produced at 12 microsatellite loci. Our results unambiguously confirm the unique reproduction system polymorphism mentioned above and that male clonality is strictly associated with thelytokous parthenogenesis. We also observed direct evidence of the rare production of sexual gynes and arrhenotokous males in clonal populations. Finally, we obtained evidence of a genetic basis for caste determination. The evolutionary significance of the reproduction system polymorphism and genetic caste determination as well as future research opportunities are discussed. Heredity (2010) 105, 205-212; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.169; published online 25 November 2009  
  Address [Foucaud, J.; Estoup, A.; Loiseau, A.; Rey, O.] INRA, UMR CBGP, IRD, Cirad,Montpellier SupAgro, Montferrier Sur Lez, France, Email: julien.foucaud@legs.cnrs-gif.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-067X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000280111800007 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 78  
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Author Dutech, C.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. openurl 
  Title Gene flow, historical population dynamics and genetic diversity within French Guianan populations of a rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Heredity Abbreviated Journal Heredity  
  Volume 92 Issue 2 Pages 69-77  
  Keywords bottleneck; climatic change; extinction-recolonization; microsatellite; neotropical rainforest; pollen and seed dispersal  
  Abstract Both gene flow and historical events influence the genetic diversity of natural populations. One way to understand their respective impact is to analyze population genetic structure at large spatial scales. We studied the distribution of genetic diversity of 17 populations of Vouacapoua americana (Caesalpiniaceae) in French Guiana, using nine micro satellite loci. Low genetic diversity was observed within populations, with a mean allelic richness and gene diversity of 4.1 and 0.506, respectively, which could be due to low effective population size and/or past bottlenecks. Using the regression between F-st/(1-F-st), estimated between pairs of populations, and the logarithm of the geographical distance, the spatial genetic structure can partly be explained by isolation-by-distance and limited gene flow among populations. This result is in agreement with the species' biology, including seed and pollen dispersal by rodents and insects, respectively. In contrast, no clear genetic signal of historical events was found when examining genetic differentiation among populations in relation to biogeographical hypotheses or by testing for bottlenecks within populations. Our conclusion is that nuclear spatial genetic structure of V. americana, at the geographic scale of French Guiana, is better explained by gene flow rather than by historical events.  
  Address Cirad Foret Silvolab, Lab Genet & Ecol Mol, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: cdutech@bordeaux.inra.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-067X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000188431700003 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 240  
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Author Degen, B.; Bandou, E.; Caron, H. openurl 
  Title Limited pollen dispersal and biparental inbreeding in Symphonia globulifera in French Guiana Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Heredity Abbreviated Journal Heredity  
  Volume 93 Issue 6 Pages 585-591  
  Keywords gene flow; microsatellites; mixed mating; spatial autocorrelation; tropical tree; twogener  
  Abstract In this paper, we report a study of the mating system and gene flow of Symphonia globulifera, a hermaphroditic, mainly bird-pollinated tree species with a large geographic distribution in the tropical Americas and Africa. Using three microsatellites, we analysed 534 seeds of 28 open pollinated families and 164 adults at the experimental site 'Paracou' in French Guiana. We observed, compared to other tropical tree species, relatively high values for the effective number of alleles. Significant spatial genetic structure was detected, with trees at distances up to 150 m more genetically similar than expected at random. We estimated parameters of the mating system and gene flow by using the mixed mating model and the TwoGener approach. The estimated multilocus outcrossing rate, t(m), was 0.920. A significant level of biparental inbreeding and a high proportion of full-sibs were estimated for the 28 seed arrays. We estimated mean pollen dispersal distances between 27 and 53 m according to the dispersal models used. Although the adult population density of S. globulifera in Paracou was relatively high, the joint estimation of pollen dispersal and density of reproductive trees gave effective density estimates of 1.6 and 1.3 trees/ha. The parameters of the mating system and gene flow are discussed in the context of spatial genetic and demographic structures, flowering phenology and pollinator composition and behaviour.  
  Address BFH, Inst Forest Genet & Forest Tree Breeding, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany, Email: b.degen@holz.uni-hamburg.de  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0018-067X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000225354800009 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 259  
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