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Author |
Epron, D.; Bosc, A.; Bonal, D.; Freycon, V. |
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Title |
Spatial variation of soil respiration across a topographic gradient in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
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Pages |
565-574 |
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Keywords |
acrisol; carbon balance; carbon flux; gleysol; root biomass |
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Abstract |
The objective of this study was to analyse the factors explaining spatial variation in soil respiration over topographic transects in a tropical rain forest of French Guiana. The soil of 30 plots along six transects was characterized. The appearance of the 'dry to the touch' character at a depth of less than 1.2 m was used to discriminate soils exhibiting vertical drainage from soils exhibiting superficial lateral drainage and along with colour and texture, to define five classes from well-drained to strongly hydromorphic soils. Spatial variation in soil respiration was closely related to topographic position and soil type. Increasing soil water content and bulk density and decreasing root biomass and soil carbon content explained most of the decrease in soil respiration from the plateaux (vertically drained hypoferralic acrisol) to the bottomlands (haplic gleysol). These results will help to stratify further field experiments and to identify the underlying determinants of spatial variation in soil respiration to develop mechanistic models of soil respiration. |
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Univ Nancy 1, UMR 1137, INRA, UHP Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres,Fac Sci, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France, Email: Daniel.Epron@scbiol.uhp-nancy.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000239975200008 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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179 |
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Author |
Bereau, M.; Bonal, D.; Louisanna, E.; Garbaye, J. |
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Title |
Do mycorrhizas improve tropical tree seedling performance under water stress and low light conditions? A case study with Dicorynia guianensis (Caesalpiniaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
21 |
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Pages |
375-381 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; leaf gas exchange; mycorrhizal symbiosis; tropical forest; water limitation |
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Abstract |
We tested the response of seedlings of Diconyina guianensis, a major timber tree species of French Guiana, to mycorrhizal symbiosis and water limitation in a semi-con trolled experiment under natural light conditions. Under well-watered conditions, mycorrhizal colonization resulted in an increase of net photosynthesis, growth and phosphorus uptake. When submitted to water stress, no growth reduction of mycorrhizal seedlings was observed. Mycorrhizal seedlings were more sensitive to drought than non-mycorrhizal ones in terms of carbon assimilation, but not with regard to stomatal closure. In contrast to previous studies on temperate tree seedlings, this result precludes a mycorrhizal effect on the hydraulic properties of this species. Furthermore, our results suggest that below a specific threshold of soil moisture, carbon assimilation of D. guianensis seedlings was decreased by the mycorrhizal symbiosis. This is probably related to the competition between the plant and its host fungus for carbon allocation under low light intensity, even though it did not seem to have a significant effect on mortality in our experiment. |
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UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: bercau.m@kourou.cirad.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000231009300003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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232 |
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Koponen, P.; Nygren, P.; Domenach, A.M.; Le Roux, C.; Saur, E.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Nodulation and dinitrogen fixation of legume trees in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
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Pages |
655-666 |
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Keywords |
acetylene reduction assay; Bradyrhizobium; flooding; microtopography; N-15 natural abundance method; 16S rDNA sequencing |
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Abstract |
Nodulated legume trees comprised 43% of the stand basal area in the low, most frequently flooded microsites, and 23% in higher, drier microsites in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana. Dinitrogen fixation in Pterocarpus officinalis, Hydrochorea corymbosa and Inga pilosula was confirmed by acetylene reduction assay (ARA), presence of leghaemoglobin in nodules and the N-15 natural abundance method. The results for Zygia cataractae were inconclusive but suggested N-2 fixation in drier microsites. Nodulated Inga disticha had a N-15-to-N-14 ratio similar to non-N-2-fixing trees, but ARA indicated nitrogenase activity and leghaemoglobin was present in nodules. All bacterial strains were identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. according to the partial 16S rDNA sequences, and they were infective in vitro in the model species Macroptilium atropurpuretan. About 35-50% of N in the leaves of P. officinalis, H. corymbosa and I. pilosula was fixed from the atmosphere. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated to contribute at least 8-13% and 1728% to whole-canopy N in high and low microsites, respectively. Symbiotic N, fixation appears to provide both a competitive advantage to legume trees under N-limited, flooded conditions and an important N input to neotropical freshwater swamp forests. |
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Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000186710800005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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242 |
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Fonty, E.; Molino, J.F.; Prevost, M.F.; Sabatier, D. |
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A new case of neotropical monodominant forest: Spirotropis longifolia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
641-644 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; layering; monodominance; sprouting; supporting strategy; suppressive strategy; tropical rain forests |
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[Fonty, E] ONF, Direct Reg Guyane, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: emile.fonty@free.fr |
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Cambridge Univ Press |
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0266-4674 |
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WOS:000296208500009 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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371 |
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Author |
Paine, C.E.T.; Stahl, C.; Courtois, E.A.; Patino, S.; Sarmiento, C.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Functional explanations for variation in bark thickness in tropical rain forest trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1202-1210 |
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Keywords |
bark thickness; fire ecology; flexural rigidity; herbivore defence; periderm; rhytidome; trunk respiration |
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Abstract |
P>1. The complex structure of tree bark reflects its many functions, which include structural support as well as defence against fire, pests and pathogens. Thick bark, however, might limit respiration by the living tissues of the trunk. Nevertheless, little research has addressed community-level variation in bark thickness, and to the best of our knowledge, no one has tested multiple hypotheses to explain variation in bark thickness. 2. We conducted an extensive survey of bark thickness within and among species of trees in the tropical rain forests of French Guiana. Trunk bark thickness increased by 1 center dot 2 mm per 10 cm increase in stem diameter, and varied widely at all taxonomic levels. Mean trunk bark thickness was 4 center dot 5 mm (range: 0 center dot 5-29 mm), which was less that found in two Amazonian rain forests in previous studies. This survey of bark thickness should be of use for forest management since tree survival through fire is strongly predicted by bark thickness. 3. We combined the survey data with multiple datasets to test several functional hypotheses proposed to explain variation in bark thickness. We found bark to provide an average of 10% of the flexural rigidity of tree stems, which was substantially less than that found in the only other study of bark stiffness. Bark thickness was uncorrelated with species' association with fire-prone habitats, suggesting that the influence of fire on bark thickness does not extend into moist Forests. There was also little evidence that bark thickness is affected by its function as a defence against herbivory. Nor was there evidence that thick bark limits trunk respiration. 4. A re-analysis of previously collected anatomical data indicated that variation in rhytidome (non-conducting outer bark) thickness explains much of the variation in overall bark thickness. As rhytidome is primarily involved in protecting the living tissues of the trunk, we suggest that bark thickness is driven mostly by its defensive function. 5. Functional explanations for the variation in bark thickness were not clear-cut. Nevertheless, this study provides a foundation for further investigation of the functional bases of bark in tropical trees. |
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[Paine, Charles Eliot Timothy] ENGREF, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: timothy.paine@ieu.uzh.ch |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000284589400005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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15 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Paine, C.E.T.; Patino, S.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Functional trait variation and sampling strategies in species-rich plant communities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
208-216 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; functional diversity; plant traits; specific leaf area; wood density; sampling design; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
P> Despite considerable interest in the application of plant functional traits to questions of community assembly and ecosystem structure and function, there is no consensus on the appropriateness of sampling designs to obtain plot-level estimates in diverse plant communities. We measured 10 plant functional traits describing leaf and stem morphology and ecophysiology for all trees in nine 1-ha plots in terra firme lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana (N = 4709). We calculated, by simulation, the mean and variance in trait values for each plot and each trait expected under seven sampling methods and a range of sampling intensities. Simulated sampling methods included a variety of spatial designs, as well as the application of existing data base values to all individuals of a given species. For each trait in each plot, we defined a performance index for each sampling design as the proportion of resampling events that resulted in observed means within 5% of the true plot mean, and observed variance within 20% of the true plot variance. The relative performance of sampling designs was consistent for estimations of means and variances. Data base use had consistently poor performance for most traits across all plots, whereas sampling one individual per species per plot resulted in relatively high performance. We found few differences among different spatial sampling strategies; however, for a given strategy, increased intensity of sampling resulted in markedly improved accuracy in estimates of trait mean and variance. We also calculated the financial cost of each sampling design based on data from our 'every individual per plot' strategy and estimated the sampling and botanical effort required. The relative performance of designs was strongly positively correlated with relative financial cost, suggesting that sampling investment returns are relatively constant. Our results suggest that trait sampling for many objectives in species-rich plant communities may require the considerable effort of sampling at least one individual of each species in each plot, and that investment in complete sampling, though great, may be worthwhile for at least some traits. |
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Address |
[Baraloto, Christopher; Patino, Sandra; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000273455500024 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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72 |
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Cereghino, R.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.F.; Pelozuelo, L.; Segura, C.; Bosc, C.; Dejean, A.; Corbara, B. |
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Title |
Ant-plant mutualisms promote functional diversity in phytotelm communities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
954-963 |
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Keywords |
ant gardens; biodiversity; bromeliads; community functions; forest; French Guiana; invertebrates; phytotelmata; two-species mutualism |
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Abstract |
1. Our understanding of the contribution of interspecific interactions to functional diversity in nature lags behind our knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns. Although two-species mutualisms are found in all types of ecosystems, the study of their ecological influences on other community members has mostly been limited to third species, while their influence on entire communities remains largely unexplored. 2. We hypothesized that mutualistic interactions between two respective ant species and an epiphyte mediate the biological traits composition of entire invertebrate communities that use the same host plant, thereby affecting food webs and functional diversity at the community level. 3. Aechmea mertensii (Bromeliaceae) is both a phytotelm ('plant-held water') and an ant-garden epiphyte. We sampled 111 bromeliads (111 aquatic invertebrate communities) associated with either the ant Pachycondyla goeldii or Camponotus femoratus. The relationships between ants, bromeliads and invertebrate abundance data were examined using a redundancy analysis. Biological traits information for invertebrates was structured using a fuzzy-coding technique, and a co-inertia analysis between traits and abundance data was used to interpret functional differences in bromeliad ecosystems. 4. The vegetative traits of A. mertensii depended on seed dispersion by C. femoratus and P. goeldii along a gradient of local conditions. The ant partner selected sets of invertebrates with traits that were best adapted to the bromeliads' morphology, and so the composition of the biological traits of invertebrate phytotelm communities depends on the identity of the ant partner. Biological traits suggest a bottom-up control of community structure in C. femoratus-associated phytotelmata and a greater structuring role for predatory invertebrates in P. goeldii-associated plants. 5. This study presents new information showing that two-species mutualisms affect the functional diversity of a much wider range of organisms. Most biological systems form complex networks where nodes (e. g. species) are more or less closely linked to each other, either directly or indirectly, through intermediate nodes. Our observations provide community-level information about biological interactions and functional diversity, and perspectives for further observations intended to examine whether large-scale changes in interacting species/community structure over broad geographical and anthropogenic gradients affect ecosystem functions. |
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[Cereghino, R; Pelozuelo, L; Segura, C; Bosc, C] Univ Toulouse, EcoLab, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm, UMR 5245, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: cereghin@cict.fr |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0269-8463 |
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WOS:000295132100003 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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341 |
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Maréchaux, I.; Bonal, D.; Bartlett, M.K.; Burban, B.; Coste, S.; Courtois, E.A.; Dulormne, M.; Goret, J.-Y.; Mira, E.; Mirabel, A.; Sack, L.; Stahl, C.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Dry-season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct Ecol |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2285-2297 |
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Keywords |
drought tolerance; hydraulic conductance; sap flow; sapflux density; tropical trees; turgor loss point; water potential; wilting point |
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Abstract |
Water availability is a key determinant of forest ecosystem function and tree species distributions. While droughts are increasing in frequency in many ecosystems, including in the tropics, plant responses to water supply vary with species and drought intensity and are therefore difficult to model. Based on physiological first principles, we hypothesized that trees with a lower turgor loss point (pi-tlp), that is, a more negative leaf water potential at wilting, would maintain water transport for longer into a dry season. We measured sapflux density of 22 mature trees of 10 species during a dry season in an Amazonian rainforest, quantified sapflux decline as soil water content decreased and tested its relationship to tree pi-tlp, size and leaf predawn and midday water potentials measured after the onset of the dry season. The measured trees varied strongly in the response of water use to the seasonal drought, with sapflux at the end of the dry season ranging from 37 to 117% (on average 83 +/- 5 %) of that at the beginning of the dry season. The decline of water transport as soil dried was correlated with tree pi-tlp (Spearman's rho > 0.63), but not with tree size or predawn and midday water potentials. Thus, trees with more drought-tolerant leaves better maintained water transport during the seasonal drought. Our study provides an explicit correlation between a trait, measurable at the leaf level, and whole-plant performance under drying conditions. Physiological traits such as pi-tlp can be used to assess and model higher scale processes in response to drying conditions. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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0269-8463 |
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doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13188 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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830 |
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González, A.L.; Céréghino, R.; Dézerald, O.; Farjalla, V.F.; Leroy, C.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Romero, G.Q.; Srivastava, D.S. |
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Title |
Ecological mechanisms and phylogeny shape invertebrate stoichiometry: A test using detritus-based communities across Central and South America |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct Ecol |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2448-2463 |
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Keywords |
body size scaling; carnivores; detritivores; ecological stoichiometry; macroinvertebrates; nitrogen; phosphorous; phylogenetic signal |
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Abstract |
Stoichiometric differences among organisms can affect trophic interactions and rates of nutrient cycling within ecosystems. However, we still know little about either the underlying causes of these stoichiometric differences or the consistency of these differences across large geographical extents. Here, we analyse elemental (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) composition of 872 aquatic macroinvertebrates (71 species) inhabiting tank bromeliads (n = 140) from five distantly located sites across Central and South America to (i) test phylogenetic, trophic and body size scaling explanations for why organisms differ in elemental composition and (ii) determine whether patterns in elemental composition are universal or context dependent. Taxonomy explained most variance in elemental composition, even though phylogenetic signals were weak and limited to regional spatial extents and to the family level. The highest elemental contents and lowest carbon:nutrient ratios were found in organisms at high trophic levels and with smaller body size, regardless of geographical location. Carnivores may have higher nutrient content and lower carbon:nutrient ratios than their prey, as organisms optimize growth by choosing the most nutrient-rich resources to consume and then preferentially retain nutrients over carbon in their bodies. Smaller organisms grow proportionally faster than large organisms and so are predicted to have higher nutrient requirements to fuel RNA and protein synthesis. Geography influenced the magnitude, more than the direction, of the ecological and/or phylogenetic effects on elemental composition. Overall, our results show that both ecological (i.e. trophic group) and evolutionary drivers explain among-taxa variation in the elemental content of invertebrates, whereas intraspecific variation is mainly a function of body size. Our findings also demonstrate that restricting analyses of macroinvertebrate stoichiometry solely to either the local scale or species level affects inferences of the patterns in invertebrate elemental content and their underlying mechanisms. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13197 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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849 |
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Author |
Dlouhá, J.; Alméras, T.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
Biophysical dependences among functional wood traits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct Ecol |
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Volume |
32 |
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12 |
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2652-2665 |
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basic density; biomechanical traits; hydraulic traits; wood traits |
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Abstract Wood properties and especially wood density have been used as functional traits organized along major axes of species life history and strategy. Beyond statistical analyses, a better mechanistic understanding of relationships among wood traits is essential for ecologically relevant interpretation of wood trait variations. A set of theoretical relationships mechanistically linking wood basic density with some other wood traits is derived from cellular material physics. These theoretical models picture basic physical constraints and thus provide null hypotheses for further ecological studies. Analysis is applied to data from two original datasets and several datasets extracted from the literature. Results emphasize the strong physical constraint behind the link between basic density and maximal storable water on the one hand, and elastic modulus on the other hand. Beyond these basic physical constraints, the developed framework reveals physically less expected trends: the amount of free water available for physiological needs increases in less dense wood of fast-growing species, and the cell wall stiffness decreases with density in temperate hardwoods and is higher in sapling stages in the rainforest understorey where competition for light is associated with high mechanical risk. We emphasize the use of theoretically independent traits derived from models of cellular material physics to investigate the functional variation of wood traits together with their environmental and phylogenetic variations. Although the current study is limited to basic density, green wood lumen saturation and wood specific modulus, we further emphasize the identification of complementary independent wood traits representing other biomechanical functions, nutrient storage, hydraulic conductance and resistance to drought. A plain language summary is available for this article. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0269-8463 |
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Notes |
doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13209 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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851 |
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