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Nicolini, E.; Caraglio, Y.; Pelissier, R.; Leroy, C.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Epicormic branches: a growth indicator for the tropical forest tree, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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Volume |
92 |
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1 |
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97-105 |
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Dicorynia guianensis; architecture; epicormic branch; primary growth; secondary growth; tropical forest; French Guiana; height : diameter ratio |
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Architectural analyses of temperate tree species using a chronological approach suggest that the expression of epicormic branches is closely related to low growth rates in the axes that make up the branching system. Therefore, sole consideration of epicormic criteria may be sufficient to identify trees with low secondary growth levels or with both low primary and secondary growth levels. In a tropical tree such as Dicorynia guianensis (basralocus), where chronological studies are difficult, this relationship could be very useful as an easily accessible indicator of growth potentials. A simple method of architectural tree description was used to characterize the global structure of more than 1650 basralocus trees and to evaluate their growth level. Measurements of simple growth characters [height, basal diameter, internode length of submittal part (top of the main axis of the tree)] and the observation of four structural binary descriptors on the main stem (presence of sequential branches and young epicormic branches, state of the submittal part, global orientation), indicated that epicormic branch formation is clearly related to a decrease in length of the successive growth units of the main stem. Analysis of height vs. diameter ratios among different tree subgroups, with and without epicormic branching, suggested that trees with epicormic branches generally have a low level of secondary growth compared with primary growth. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. |
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Cirad, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 05, France |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0305-7364 |
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ISI:000183980200010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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245 |
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Lehnebach, R.; Beyer, R.; Letort, V.; Heuret, P. |
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Title |
The pipe model theory half a century on: a review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Annals of Botany |
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121 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
773-795 |
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BackgroundMore than a half century ago, Shinozaki et al. (Shinozaki K, Yoda K, Hozumi K, Kira T. 1964a. A quantitative analysis of plant form – the pipe model theory. I. Basic analyses. Japanese Journal of Ecology B: 97–105) proposed an elegant conceptual framework, the pipe model theory (PMT), to interpret the observed linear relationship between the amount of stem tissue and corresponding supported leaves. The PMT brought a satisfactory answer to two vividly debated problems that were unresolved at the moment of its publication: (1) What determines tree form and which rules drive biomass allocation to the foliar versus stem compartments in plants? (2) How can foliar area or mass in an individual plant, in a stand or at even larger scales be estimated? Since its initial formulation, the PMT has been reinterpreted and used in applications, and has undoubtedly become an important milestone in the mathematical interpretation of plant form and functioning.ScopeThis article aims to review the PMT by going back to its initial formulation, stating its explicit and implicit properties and discussing them in the light of current biological knowledge and experimental evidence in order to identify the validity and range of applicability of the theory. We also discuss the use of the theory in tree biomechanics and hydraulics as well as in functional–structural plant modelling.ConclusionsScrutinizing the PMT in the light of modern biological knowledge revealed that most of its properties are not valid as a general rule. The hydraulic framework derived from the PMT has attracted much more attention than its mechanical counterpart and implies that only the conductive portion of a stem cross-section should be proportional to the supported foliage amount rather than the whole of it. The facts that this conductive portion is experimentally difficult to measure and varies with environmental conditions and tree ontogeny might cause the commonly reported non-linear relationships between foliage and stem metrics. Nevertheless, the PMT can still be considered as a portfolio of properties providing a unified framework to integrate and analyse functional–structural relationships. |
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10.1093/aob/mcx194 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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801 |
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Franklin, J.; Andrade, R.; Daniels, M.L.; Fairbairn, P.; Fandino, M.C.; Gillespie, T.W.; González, G.; Gonzalez, O.; Imbert, D.; Kapos, V.; Kelly, D.L.; Marcano-Vega, H.; Meléndez-Ackerman, E.J.; McLaren, K.P.; McDonald, M.A.; Ripplinger, J.; Rojas-Sandoval, J.; Ross, M.S.; Ruiz, J.; Steadman, D.W.; Tanner, E.V.J.; Terrill, I.; Vennetier, M. |
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Title |
Geographical ecology of dry forest tree communities in the West Indies |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biogeogr |
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45 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1168-1181 |
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beta diversity; Caribbean; community composition; seasonally dry tropical forest; species turnover; tropical dry forest; West Indies |
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Abstract Aim Seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) of the Caribbean Islands (primarily West Indies) is floristically distinct from Neotropical SDTF in Central and South America. We evaluate whether tree species composition was associated with climatic gradients or geographical distance. Turnover (dissimilarity) in species composition of different islands or among more distant sites would suggest communities structured by speciation and dispersal limitations. A nested pattern would be consistent with a steep resource gradient. Correlation of species composition with climatic variation would suggest communities structured by broad-scale environmental filtering. Location The West Indies (The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Providencia (Colombia), south Florida (USA) and Florida Keys (USA). Taxon Seed plants?woody taxa (primarily trees). Methods We compiled 572 plots from 23 surveys conducted between 1969 and 2016. Hierarchical clustering of species in plots, and indicator species analysis for the resulting groups of sites, identified geographical patterns of turnover in species composition. Nonparametric analysis of variance, applied to principal components of bioclimatic variables, determined the degree of covariation in climate with location. Nestedness versus turnover in species composition was evaluated using beta diversity partitioning. Generalized dissimilarity modelling partitioned the effect of climate versus geographical distance on species composition. Results Despite a set of commonly occurring species, SDTF tree community composition was distinct among islands and was characterized by spatial turnover on climatic gradients that covaried with geographical gradients. Greater Antillean islands were characterized by endemic indicator species. Northern subtropical areas supported distinct, rather than nested, SDTF communities in spite of low levels of endemism. Main conclusions The SDTF species composition was correlated with climatic variation. SDTF on large Greater Antillean islands (Hispaniola, Jamaica and Cuba) was characterized by endemic species, consistent with their geological history and the biogeography of plant lineages. These results suggest that both environmental filtering and speciation shape Caribbean SDTF tree communities. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0305-0270 |
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doi: 10.1111/jbi.13198 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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846 |
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Picard, N.; Mortier, F.; Rossi, V.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
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Title |
Clustering species using a model of population dynamics and aggregation theory |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
221 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
152-160 |
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Aggregation theory; Species grouping; Species richness; Tropical rainforest; Usher model |
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The high species diversity of some ecosystems like tropical rainforests goes in pair with the scarcity of data for most species. This hinders the development of models that require enough data for fitting. The solution commonly adopted by modellers consists in grouping species to form more sizeable data sets. Classical methods for grouping species such as hierarchical cluster analysis do not take account of the variability of the species characteristics used for clustering. In this study a clustering method based on aggregation theory is presented. It takes account of the variability of species characteristics by searching for the grouping that minimizes the quadratic error (square bias plus variance) of some model's prediction. This method allows one to check whether the gain in variance brought by data pooling compensate for the bias that it introduces. This method was applied to a data set on 94 tree species in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, using a Usher matrix model to predict species dynamics. An optimal trade-off between bias and variance was found when grouping species. Grouping species appeared to decrease the quadratic error, except when the number of groups was very small. This clustering method yielded species groups similar to those of the hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's method when variance was small, that is when the number of groups was small. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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[Picard, Nicolas; Mortier, Frederic; Rossi, Vivien; Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie] CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: nicolas.picard@cirad.fr |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000273628800004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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85 |
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Flores, O.; Rossi, V.; Mortier, F. |
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Title |
Autocorrelation offsets zero-inflation in models of tropical saplings density |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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220 |
Issue |
15 |
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1797-1809 |
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Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling; Conditional Auto-Regressive model; Variable selection; Zero-Inflated Poisson; Posterior predictive; Paracou; French Guiana |
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Modelling the local density of tropical saplings can provide insights into the ecological processes that drive species regeneration and thereby help predict population recovery after disturbance. Yet, few studies have addressed the challenging issues in autocorrelation and zero-inflation of local density. This paper presents Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling (HBM) of sapling density that includes these two features. Special attention is devoted to variable selection, model estimation and comparison. We developed a Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) model with a latent correlated spatial structure and compared it with non-spatial ZIP and Poisson models that were either autocorrelated (Spatial Generalized Linear Mixed, SGLM) or not (generalized linear models, GLM). In our spatial models, local density autocorrelation was modeled by a Conditional Auto-Regressive (CAR) process. 13 explicative variables described ecological conditions with respect to topography, disturbance, stand structure and intraspecific processes. Models were applied to six tropical tree species with differing biological attributes: Oxandra asbeckii, Eperua falcata, Eperua grandiflora, Dicorynia guianensis, Qualea rosea, and Tachigali melinonii. We built species-specific models using a simple method of variable selection based on a latent binary indicator. Our spatial models showed a close correlation between observed and estimated densities with site spatial structure being correctly reproduced. By contrast, the non-spatial models showed poor fits. Variable selection highlighted species-specific requirements and susceptibility to local conditions. Model comparison overall showed that the SGLM was the most accurate explanatory and predictive model. Surprisingly, zero-inflated models performed less well. Although the SZIP model was relevant with respect to data distribution, and more flexible with respect to response curves, its model complexity caused marked variability in parameter estimates. In the SUM, the spatial process alone accounted for zero-inflation in the data. A refinement of the hypotheses employed at the process level could compensate for distribution flaws at the data level. This study emphasized the importance of the HBM framework in improving the modelling of density-environment relationships. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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[Flores, O.] CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: olivierflores@free.fr |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISI:000267585400007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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201 |
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Phillips, P.D.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R.; Degen, B. |
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Title |
Scaling up models of tree competition for tropical forest population genetics simulation |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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180 |
Issue |
2-3 |
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419-434 |
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tropical rain; forest; population genetics; model SYMFOR; eco-gene; scaling up; competition |
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Understanding the effects of logging activity on genetic diversity is an important aspect of establishing the sustainability of selective logging management operations in tropical forests. Genetic variation is affected by selective logging directly, through the removal of and damage to trees within the population, and indirectly, through a change in the forest structure and environment in which the remaining population lives. Eco-Gene is a population genetics model applied to tropical forests over a scale of hundreds of hectares. SYMFOR is a modelling framework for individual-based spatially explicit ecological and management models applied to tropical forests over a scale of 0.25 4 ha. We have linked the models to enable simulations using processes involved in both models. To overcome problems of scale, the spatially explicit competition index calculated in SYMFOR simulations has been modelled such that it can be applied at scales representing much larger areas for which the data are not available, as required by Eco-Gene. The competition index is modelled as a distribution on a grid-square basis, and implemented in the linked Eco-Gene/SYMFOR system. Each tree within a grid-square is given a “relative competition” within the distribution, biased according to species. A competition index value is obtained for the tree by transforming the grid-square distribution to be relevant to the size of the tree, and extracting a value according to the tree's relative competition within the distribution. The distribution and each tree's relative competition within it change according to the effects of growth, mortality and logging activity. The model was calibrated using data from the Tapajos region of the Eastern Amazon forest. This paper describes the model, its calibration and validation and the implications of scaling up from an explicit representation to a modelled quantity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil, Email: paul.phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000224635700012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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234 |
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Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R. |
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An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
4 |
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335-354 |
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model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation |
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A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000220392200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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238 |
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Orivel, J.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A. |
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Constraints and adaptation in the arboreal life of ants |
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2010 |
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Biofutur |
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Biofutur |
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315 |
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34-37 |
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[Orivel, Jerome] CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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0294-3506 |
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ISI:000284987300004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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17 |
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Leroy, C.; Cereghino, R.; Camas, J.F.; Pelozuelo, L.; Dejean, A.; Corbara, B. |
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Several aspects of the life of vascular epiphytes |
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2010 |
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Biofutur |
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Biofutur |
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315 |
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38-41 |
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[Leroy, Celine] CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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ISI:000284987300005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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18 |
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Fortunel, C.; Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Leaf, stem and root tissue strategies across 758 Neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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26 |
Issue |
5 |
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1153-1161 |
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French Guiana; Functional trade-offs; Leaf economics; Peru; Plant traits; Tropical forest; Wood economics |
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1. Trade-offs among functional traits reveal major plant strategies that can give insight into species distributions and ecosystem processes. However, current identification of plant strategies lacks the integration of root structural traits together with leaf and stem traits. 2. We examined correlations among 14 traits representing leaf, stem and woody root tissues. Traits were measured on 1084 individuals representing 758 Neotropical tree species, across 13 sites representative of the environmental variation encompassed by three widespread habitats (seasonally flooded, clay terra firme and white-sand forests) at opposite ends of Amazonia (French Guiana and Peru). 3. Woody root traits were closely aligned with stem traits, but not with leaf traits. Altogether leaf, stem and woody root traits delineated two orthogonal axes of functional trade-offs: a first axis defined by leaf traits, corresponding to a 'leaf economics spectrum', and a second axis defined by covarying stem and woody root traits, corresponding to a 'wood economics spectrum'. These axes remained consistent when accounting for species evolutionary history with phylogenetically independent contrasts. 4. Despite the strong species turnover across sites, the covariation among root and stem structural traits as well as their orthogonality to leaf traits were strongly consistent across habitats and regions. 5. We conclude that root structural traits mirrored stem traits rather than leaf traits in Neotropical trees. Leaf and wood traits define an integrated whole-plant strategy in lowland South American forests that may contribute to a more complete understanding of plant responses to global changes in both correlative and modelling approaches. We suggest further meta-analyses in expanded environmental and geographic zones to determine the generality of this pattern. © 2012 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States |
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02698463 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 October 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Fecoe; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02020.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fortunel, C.; INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, 97387 Kourou Cedex, France; email: claire.fortunel@ecofog.gf |
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