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Almeras, T.; Gril, J. |
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Title |
Mechanical analysis of the strains generated by water tension in plant stems. Part 1: stress transmission from the water to the cell walls |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1505-1516 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; cell mechanics; diurnal strains; mechanical model; multilayer cylinder; stress transtnissionjactor |
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Abstract |
Plant tissues shrink and swell in response to changes in water pressure. These strains can be easily measured, e.g., at the surface of tree stems, to obtain indirect information about plant water status and other physiological parameters. We developed a mechanical model to clarify how water pressure is transmitted to cell walls and causes shrinkage of plant tissues, particularly in the case of thick-walled cells such as wood fibers. Our analysis shows that the stress inside the fiber cell walls is lower than the water tension. The difference is accounted for by a stress transmission factor that depends on two main effects. The first effect is the dilution of the stress through the cell wall, because water acts at the lumen border and is transmitted to the cuter border of the cell, which has a larger circumference. The second effect is the partial conversion of radial stress into tangential stress. Both effects are quantified as functions of parameters of the cell wall structure and its mechanical properties. |
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INRA, UMR Ecofog, F-97379 Kourou, French Guiana, France, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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HERON PUBLISHING |
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0829-318X |
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ISI:000250847000001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
152 |
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Author |
Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Imbert, P.; Born, C.; Bonal, D.; Dreyer, E. |
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Title |
Leaf photosynthetic traits of 14 tropical rain forest species in relation to leaf nitrogen concentration and shade tolerance |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1127-1137 |
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Keywords |
functional diversity; leaf carbon; leaf nitrogen; nitrogen-use efficiency; photosynthetic capacity; tropical rain forest |
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Abstract |
Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and mass-based leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relative N allocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leaf N invested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity. We also used PCA to test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA. We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leaf N concentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species. |
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CNRS Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA, ENGREF,CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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HERON PUBLISHING |
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0829-318X |
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ISI:000231555200005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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230 |
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Bosc, A.; De Grandcourt, A.; Loustau, D. |
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Title |
Variability of stem and branch maintenance respiration in a Pinus pinaster tree |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
227-236 |
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Keywords |
model; nitrogen; phloem; sapwood; temperature |
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Abstract |
The relationship between maintenance respiration (R.) of woody organs and their structural characteristics was explored in adult Pinus pinaster Ait. trees. We measured R-m on 75 stem and branch segments of different ages (from 3 to 24 years) and diameters (from 1 to 35 cm). The temperature response of R-m was derived from field measurements based on a classical exponential function with Q(10) = 2.13. Relationships between R-m and the dimensions of the woody organs were analyzed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The surface area of a woody organ was a better predictor of R-m than volume, but surface area failed to account for the observed within-tree variability of R-m among stems, branches and twigs. Two simple models were proposed to predict the variability of R-m at 15 degreesC in an adult tree. Model 1, a linear function model based on the dry mass and nitrogen concentration of sapwood and phloem tissues, explained most of the variability of R-m in branches and stems (R-2 = 0.97). We concluded that the respective contributions of the phloem and sapwood depend on the location and diameter of the woody organ. Model 2, a power-law function model based on the length, diameter and age of the sample, explained the same variance of R-m as Model 1 and is appropriate for scaling R-m to the stand level. Models 1 and 2 appear to explain a larger variability of R-m than models based on stem area or sapwood mass. |
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INRA, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: alexandre.bosc@pierroton.inra.fr |
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HERON PUBLISHING |
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0829-318X |
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ISI:000181841200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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246 |
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Cochard, H.; Coste, S.; Chanson, B.; Guehl, J.M.; Nicolini, E. |
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Title |
Hydraulic architecture correlates with bud organogenesis and primary shoot growth in beech (Fagus sylvatica) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1545-1552 |
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Keywords |
development; hydraulic conductance; leaf primordia; meristem; xylem |
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Abstract |
In beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), the number of leaf primordia preformed in the buds determines the length and the type (long versus short) of annual growth units, and thus, branch growth and architecture. We analyzed the correlation between the number of leaf primordia and the hydraulic conductance of the vascular system connected to the buds. Terminal buds of short growth units and axillary buds of long growth units on lower branches of mature trees were examined. Buds with less than four and more than five leaf primordia formed short and long growth units, respectively. Irrespective of the type of growth unit the bud was formed on, the occurrence of a large number of leaf primordia was associated with high xylem hydraulic conductance. Xylem conductance was correlated to the area of the outermost annual ring. These results suggest that organogenesis and primary growth in buds correlates with secondary growth of the growth units and thus with their hydraulic architecture. Possible causal relationships between the variables are discussed. |
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INRA UBP, UMR PIAF, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: cochard@clermont.inra.fr |
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HERON PUBLISHING |
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0829-318X |
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ISI:000234019900008 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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281 |
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Author |
De Deurwaerder, H.; Hervé-Fernández, P.; Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Petronelli, P.; Hoffman, B.; Bonal, D.; Boeckx, P.; Verbeeck, H. |
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Title |
Liana and tree below-ground water competition – evidence for water resource partitioning during the dry season |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1071-1083 |
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To date, reasons for the increase in liana abundance and biomass in the Neotropics are still unclear. One proposed hypothesis suggests that lianas, in comparison with trees, are more adaptable to drought conditions. Moreover, previous studies have assumed that lianas have a deeper root system, which provides access to deeper soil layers, thereby making them less susceptible to drought stress. The dual stable water isotope approach (δ18O and δ2H) enables below-ground vegetation competition for water to be studied. Based on the occurrence of a natural gradient in soil water isotopic signatures, with enriched signatures in shallow soil relative to deep soil, the origin of vegetation water sources can be derived. Our study was performed on canopy trees and lianas reaching canopy level in tropical forests of French Guiana. Our results show liana xylem water isotopic signatures to be enriched in heavy isotopes in comparison with those from trees, indicating differences in water source depths and a more superficial root activity for lianas during the dry season. This enables them to efficiently capture dry season precipitation. Our study does not support the liana deep root water extraction hypothesis. Additionally, we provide new insights into water competition between tropical canopy lianas and trees. Results suggest that this competition is mitigated during the dry season due to water resource partitioning. |
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0829-318x |
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Notes |
10.1093/treephys/tpy002 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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848 |
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Strasburg, J.L.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I.; Lai, Z.; Rieseberg, L.H. |
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Title |
Genomic Patterns of Adaptive Divergence between Chromosomally Differentiated Sunflower Species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Molecular Biology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Biol. Evol. |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1341-1355 |
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Keywords |
species boundaries; chromosomal rearrangements; positive selection; hybridization; sunflowers; Helianthus |
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Understanding the genetic mechanisms of speciation and basis of species differences is among the most important challenges in evolutionary biology. Two questions of particular interest are what roles divergent selection and chromosomal differentiation play in these processes. A number of recently proposed theories argue that chromosomal rearrangements can facilitate the development and maintenance of reproductive isolation and species differences by suppressing recombination within rearranged regions. Reduced recombination permits the accumulation of alleles contributing to isolation and adaptive differentiation and protects existing differences from the homogenizing effects of introgression between incipient species. Here, we examine patterns of genetic diversity and divergence in rearranged versus collinear regions in two widespread, extensively hybridizing sunflower species, Helianthus annuus and Helianthus petiolaris, using sequence data from 77 loci distributed throughout the genomes of the two species. We find weak evidence for increased genetic divergence near chromosomal break points but not within rearranged regions overall. We find no evidence for increased rates of adaptive divergence on rearranged chromosomes; in fact, collinear chromosomes show a far greater excess of fixed amino acid differences between the two species. A comparison with a third sunflower species indicates that much of the nonsynonymous divergence between H. annuus and H. petiolaris probably occurred during or soon after their formation. Our results suggest a limited role for chromosomal rearrangements in genetic divergence, but they do document substantial adaptive divergence and provide further evidence of how species integrity and genetic identity can be maintained at many loci in the face of extensive hybridization and gene flow. |
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[Strasburg, Jared L.; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Rieseberg, Loren H.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA, Email: jstrasbu@indiana.edu |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0737-4038 |
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ISI:000266116500012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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111 |
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Rey, O.; Loiseau, A.; Facon, B.; Foucaud, J.; Orivel, J.; Cornuet, J.M.; Robert, S.; Dobigny, G.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Mariano, C.D.F.; Estoup, A. |
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Title |
Meiotic Recombination Dramatically Decreased in Thelytokous Queens of the Little Fire Ant and Their Sexually Produced Workers |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Molecular Biology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Biol. Evol. |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2591-2601 |
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Keywords |
parthenogenesis; thelytoky; recombination; inbreeding; biological invasion; Wasmannia auropunctata |
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Abstract |
The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, displays a peculiar breeding system polymorphism. Classical haplo-diploid sexual reproduction between reproductive individuals occurs in some populations, whereas, in others, queens and males reproduce clonally. Workers are produced sexually and are sterile in both clonal and sexual populations. The evolutionary fate of the clonal lineages depends strongly on the underlying mechanisms allowing reproductive individuals to transmit their genomes to subsequent generations. We used several queen-offspring data sets to estimate the rate of transition from heterozygosity to homozygosity associated with recombination events at 33 microsatellite loci in thelytokous parthenogenetic queen lineages and compared these rates with theoretical expectations under various parthenogenesis mechanisms. We then used sexually produced worker families to define linkage groups for these 33 loci and to compare meiotic recombination rates in sexual and parthenogenetic queens. Our results demonstrate that queens from clonal populations reproduce by automictic parthenogenesis with central fusion. These same parthenogenetic queens produce normally segregating meiotic oocytes for workers, which display much lower rates of recombination (by a factor of 45) than workers produced by sexual queens. These low recombination rates also concern the parthenogenetic production of queen offspring, as indicated by the very low rates of transition from heterozygosity to homozygosity observed (from 0% to 2.8%). We suggest that the combination of automixis with central fusion and a major decrease in recombination rates allows clonal queens to benefit from thelytoky while avoiding the potential inbreeding depression resulting from the loss of heterozygosity during automixis. In sterile workers, the strong decrease of recombination rates may also facilitate the conservation over time of some coadapted allelic interactions within chromosomes that might confer an adaptive advantage in habitats disturbed by human activity, where clonal populations of W. auropunctata are mostly found. |
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[Rey, O; Loiseau, A; Facon, B; Foucaud, J; Cornuet, JM; Robert, S; Dobigny, G] INRA, UMR Ctr Biol Gest Populat INRA IRD CIRAD Montpe, Montferrier Sur Lez, France, Email: olivier.rey@supagro.inra.fr |
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Oxford Univ Press |
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0737-4038 |
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WOS:000294552700019 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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339 |
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Author |
Lang, G.; Marcon, E.; Puech, F. |
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Title |
Distance-based measures of spatial concentration: introducing a relative density function |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Annals of Regional Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Reg. Sci. |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
243-265 |
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Keywords |
Agglomeration; Aggregation; Economic geography; Point patterns; Spatial concentration; accuracy assessment; econometrics; economic activity; economic geography; industrial agglomeration; industrial location; location decision; spatial analysis; spatial distribution |
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For more than a decade, distance-based methods have been widely employed and constantly improved in spatial economics. These methods are a very useful tool for accurately evaluating the spatial distribution of economic activity. We introduce a new distance-based statistical measure for evaluating the spatial concentration of industries. The m function is the first relative density function to be proposed in economics. This tool supplements the typology of distance-based methods recently drawn up by Marcon and Puech (J Econ Geogr 3(4):409–428, 2003). By considering several simulated and real examples, we show the advantages and the limits of the m function for detecting spatial structures in economics. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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RITM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay and CREST, Sceaux, France |
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Springer |
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05701864 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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976 |
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Odonne, G.; Berger, F.; Stien, D.; Grenand, P.; Bourdy, G. |
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Title |
Treatment of leishmaniasis in the Oyapock basin (French Guiana): A K.A.P. survey and analysis of the evolution of phytotherapy knowledge amongst Wayãpi Indians |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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Volume |
137 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1228-1239 |
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Keywords |
Camopi River; French Guiana; Intercultural exchanges; K.A.P.; Knowledge attitude and practices; Knowledge evolution; Leishmaniasis; Oyapock River; Quantitative ethnopharmacology; Teko; Traditional remedies; Wayãpi |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease with a high incidence in French Guiana, mainly in the middle and upper Oyapock basin, where Amerindian and some Brazilian people live. The main goals of this work were (i) to assess the knowledge about leishmaniasis in the different populations of the middle and upper Oyapock basin, (ii) to study the therapeutic strategies adopted by people affected by leishmaniasis and (iii) to document the use of phytotherapeutic remedies for leishmaniasis. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (K.A.P.) related to this disease and its treatments have been studied according to cultural group and geographical settlement. Within the Wayãpi group, the evolution of the knowledge of phytoremedies over the last 20 years has been characterised by literature-based comparisons. Materials and methods: A total of 144 questionnaires were administered in all the villages of the upper Oyapock and Camopi basins. Correspondence analyses were used for multivariate analysis. Plant species were identified at the Cayenne Herbarium (CAY). Results: The biomedical concept of leishmaniasis correlates well with the Teko and Wayãpi concepts of kalasapa and kalasapau. Although the vector of this disease was not correctly identified, the most commonly cited aetiology (74.5%) was vector-borne, and related epidemiological schemes correlate well with the one encountered in French Guiana. Theoretically and practically, health centres were the most commonly used resource for diagnostic in instances of leishmaniasis infection (65.9%), independently of the patient's cultural group, along with the use of pharmaceutical drugs (85.3%). Pharmaceuticals were commonly utilised despite the frequent (51.5%) use of phytotherapeutic remedies, alone or in combination with drugs. The most cited medicinal plant species for the treatment of leishmaniasis included Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. (Iridaceae, cited 14 times), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae, 9), Cecropia obtusa Trecul (Cecropiaceae, 8), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae, 7), Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae, 6) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae, 6). Multiple correspondence analyses demonstrated that the species used in leishmaniasis remedies are more prone to vary by the user's place of residence than by their cultural origin, which indicates that exchange of knowledge about leishmaniasis remedies has occurred across different cultural groups. Literature-based comparisons between the remedies for leishmaniasis used by the Wayãpi during the 1980s showed a striking evolution, both in terms of diversity of species and number of plants used. The large number of species shared with other Guianese groups argues for intercultural exchange and may explain the majority (57.1%) of the newly used species highlighted in our study. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis is a well-known disease in the studied area. Phytotherapeutic treatments are still in use, although they are not the main source of remedies, and should undergo pharmacological studies to evaluate their potential therapeutic value. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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IRD, UMR152, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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03788741 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 8 November 2011; Source: Scopus; Article in Press; Coden: Joetd; doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.044; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Odonne, G.; CNRS-UMR Ecofog, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, Franceemail: guillaume.odonne@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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368 |
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Odonne, G.; Herbette, G.; Eparvier, V.; Bourdy, G.; Rojas, R.; Sauvain, M.; Stien, D. |
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Title |
Antileishmanial sesquiterpene lactones from Pseudelephantopus spicatus, a traditional remedy from the Chayahuita Amerindians (Peru). Part III |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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Volume |
137 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
875-879 |
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Keywords |
Asteraceae; Chayahuita; Hirsutinolides; Leishmaniasis; Peru; Pseudelephantopus spicatus; Traditional remedy; 8,13 diacetylpiptocarphol; acetyl 13 o ethylpiptocarphol; amphotericin B; antileishmanial agent; plant extract; Pseudelephantopus spicatus extract; sesquiterpene lactone derivative; unclassified drug; ursolic acid; amastigote; article; biological activity; Ic 50; in vitro study; Leishmania; leishmaniasis; medicinal plant; nonhuman; Peru; Pseudelephantopus spicatus; traditional medicine; Asteraceae; Leishmania amazonensis; Pseudelephantopus spicatus |
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Abstract |
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The study of traditional remedies used by the Chayahuita, an ethnic group from the Peruvian Amazonia, has prompted us to investigate in detail the ethanolic extract of Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F. Baker, which has demonstrated strong biological activity towards Leishmania amazonensis. Our goal was to discover the active compound of this plant-based remedy. Materials and methods: A bioguided fractionation of the crude extract was undertaken based on the biological activity recorded against Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes in in vitro bioassays. Results: Three strongly to moderately active compounds were isolated: two hirsutinolides (the 8,13-diacetyl-piptocarphol and the 8-acetyl-13-O-ethyl-piptocarphol) and ursolic acid. IC50 against Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes are respectively 0.2, 0.37 and 0.99 μM (while IC50 of amphotericin B is 0.41 μM). These compounds have never been isolated from this plant species, and germacranolides have never been identified as potential antileishmanial agents. Conclusions: The compounds isolated from Pseudelephantopus spicatus account for the antileishmanial activity of the plant, thus giving support to its use by the Chayahuita in Peru. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved. |
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Address |
Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Avenida Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru |
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03788741 (Issn) |
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Notes |
Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Joetd; doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.008; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Odonne, G.; Bureau du CNRS en Guyane, CNRS – UPS 2561, 2 Avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, France; email: guillaume.odonne@gmail.com; Chemicals/CAS: amphotericin B, 1397-89-3, 30652-87-0; ursolic acid, 77-52-1 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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350 |
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