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Migliavacca, Mirco ; Musavi, Talie ; Mahecha, Miguel D. ; Nelson, Jacob A. ; Knauer, Jurgen ; Baldocchi, Dennis D. ; Perez-Priego, Oscar ; Christiansen, Rune ; Peters, Jonas ; Anderson, Karen ; Bahn, Michael ; Black, T. Andrew ; Blanken, Peter D. ; and all .................. |
| Title |
The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Nature |
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| Volume |
598 |
Issue |
7881 |
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468-472 |
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The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities4. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability4,5. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions6 from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range o |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1044 |
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Llusia, Joan ; Asensio, Dolores ; Sardans, Jordi ; Filella, Iolanda ; Peguero, Guille ; Grau, Oriol ; Ogaya, Roma ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Brechet, Laëtitia M. ; Courtois, Elodie A. ; Stahl, Clément ; Janssens, Ivan A. ; Penuelas, Josep |
| Title |
Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization effects on soil terpene exchanges in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
802 |
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149769 |
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Production, emission, and absorption of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in ecosystem soils and associated impacts of nutrient availability are unclear; thus, predictions of effects of global change on source-sink dynamic under increased atmospheric N deposition and nutrition imbalances are limited. Here, we report the dynamics of soil BVOCs under field conditions from two undisturbed tropical rainforests from French Guiana. We analyzed effects of experimental soil applications of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N + P on soil BVOC exchanges (in particular of total terpenes, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes), to determine source and sink dynamics between seasons (dry and wet) and elevations (upper and lower elevations corresponding to top of the hills (30 m high) and bottom of the valley). We identified 45 soil terpenoids compounds emitted to the atmosphere, comprising 26 monoterpenes and 19 sesquiterpenes; of these, it was possible to identify 13 and 7 compounds, respectively. Under ambient conditions, soils acted as sinks of these BVOCs, with greatest soil uptake recorded for sesquiterpenes at upper elevations during the wet season (-282 μg m-2 h-1). Fertilization shifted soils from a sink to source, with greatest levels of terpene emissions recorded at upper elevations during the wet season, following the addition of N (monoterpenes: 406 μg m-2 h-1) and P (sesquiterpenes: 210 μg m-2 h-1). Total soil terpene emission rates were negatively correlated with total atmospheric terpene concentrations. These results indicate likely shifts in tropical soils from sink to source of atmospheric terpenes under projected increases in N deposition under global change, with potential impacts on regional-scale atmospheric chemistry balance and ecosystem function. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1033 |
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Poorter, Laurens ; Craven, Dylan ; Jakovac, Catarina C. ; van der Sande, Masha T. ; Amissah, Lucy ; Bongers, Frans ; Chazdon, Robin ; Farrioir, Caroline E. ; Kambach, Stephan ; Meave, Jorge A. ; Munoz, Rodrigo ; Norden, Natalia ; Ruger, Nadja ; van Breugel, Michiel ; et all ...... |
| Title |
Multidimensional tropical forest recovery |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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374 |
Issue |
6573 |
Pages |
1370-1376 |
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Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics. Tropical forests are highly resilient to low-intensity land use; after 20 years, forest attributes attain 78% (33 to 100%) of their old-growth values. Recovery to 90% of old-growth values is fastest for soil (<1 decade) and plant functioning (<2.5 decades), intermediate for structure and species diversity (2.5 to 6 decades), and slowest for biomass and species composition (>12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters of attribute recovery, related to structure, species diversity, and species composition. Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. |
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American association for the advancement of science |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1039 |
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Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Depaepe, Thomas ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Vallicrosa, Helena ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Lugli, Laynara F. ; Bréchet, Laëtitia M. ; Ogaya, Roma ; Llusia, Joan ; Urbina, Ifigenia ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Grau, Oriol ; Richter, Andreas ; Penuelas, Josep ; Van Der Straeten, Dominique ; August Janssens, Ivan A. |
| Title |
Impact of Nutrient Additions on Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation in Litter and Soil of Two French-Guianese Lowland Tropical Forests |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
JGR Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
126 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e2020JG006023 |
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In tropical forests, free-living Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) in soil and litter tends to decrease when substrate N concentrations increase, whereas increasing phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) soil and litter concentrations have been shown to stimulate free-living BNF rates. Yet, very few studies explored the effects of adding N, P, and Mo together in a single large-scale fertilization experiment, which would teach us which of these elements constrain or limit BNF activities. At two distinct forest sites in French Guiana, we performed a 3-year in situ nutrient addition study to explore the effects of N, P, and Mo additions on leaf litter and soil BNF. Additionally, we conducted a short-term laboratory study with the same nutrient addition treatments (+N, +N+P, +P, +Mo, and +P+Mo). We found that N additions alone suppressed litter free-living BNF in the field, but not in the short-term laboratory study, while litter free-living BNF remained unchanged in response to N+P additions. Additionally, we found that P and P+Mo additions stimulated BNF in leaf litter, both in the field and in the lab, while Mo alone yielded no changes. Soil BNF increased with P and P+Mo additions in only one of the field sites, while in the other site soil BNF increased with Mo and P+Mo additions. We concluded that increased substrate N concentrations suppress BNF. Moreover, both P and Mo have the potential to limit free-living BNF in these tropical forests, but the balance between P versus Mo limitation is determined by site-specific characteristics of nutrient supply and demand. |
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American Geophysical Union |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1040 |
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Brosse, Sébastien ; Baglan, Antoine ; Covain, Raphael ; Lalague, Hadrien ; Le Bail, Pierre-Yve ; Vigouroux, Régis ; Quartarollo, Grégory |
| Title |
Aquarium trade and fish farms as a source of non-native freshwater fish introductions in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Annales de Limnologie – International Journal of Limnology |
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57 |
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4 |
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Rivers of French Guiana are still little invaded by non-native fish, but several fish introductions were recently recorded through the development of aquarium fish trade and fish farms. Here we report records of 11 non-native fish species. Among them, four (Cichla monoculus, Heros efasciatus, Mesonauta guyanae and Poecilia reticulata) are established and one of them (Heros efasciatus) is rapidly increasing its spatial range. Two species (Hyphessobrycon eques and Pterophyllum scalare) were not retrieved in recent records and are probably extinct from French Guiana. The establishment status of the five other species (Arapaima gigas, Colossoma macropomum, Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis mossambicus and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) is uncertain and only a few specimens were observed in the wild. Nevertheless, these species, intensively reared in nearby countries, belong to highly invasive species able to cause detrimental impacts on recipient ecosystems. Those first occurrences of invasive fish species in French Guiana should therefore act as an early warning for both researchers and environmental managers. |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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Anglais |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1007 |
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Duplais, Christophe ; Sarou-Kanian, Vincent ; Massiot, Dominique ; Hassan, Alia ; Perrone, Barbara ; Estevez, Yannick ; Wertz, John; Martineau, Estelle ; Farjon, Jonathan ; Giraudeau, Patrick, Moreau, Carrie S. |
| Title |
Gut bacteria are essential for normal cutile development in herbivorous turtle ants |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Nature Communication |
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12 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-6 |
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Across the evolutionary history of insects, the shift from nitrogen-rich carnivore/omnivore diets to nitrogen-poor herbivorous diets was made possible through symbiosis with microbes. The herbivorous turtle ants Cephalotes possess a conserved gut microbiome which enriches the nutrient composition by recycling nitrogen-rich metabolic waste to increase the production of amino acids. This enrichment is assumed to benefit the host, but we do not know to what extent. To gain insights into nitrogen assimilation in the ant cuticle we use gut bacterial manipulation, 15N isotopic enrichment, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to demonstrate that gut bacteria contribute to the formation of proteins, catecholamine cross-linkers, and chitin in the cuticle. This study identifies the cuticular components which are nitrogen-enriched by gut bacteria, highlighting the role of symbionts in insect evolution, and provides a framework for understanding the nitrogen flow from nutrients through bacteria into the insect cuticle. |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1005 |
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Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Depaepe, Thomas ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Donald, Julian ; Celine, Leroy ; Krishna Moorthy, Sruthi M. ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Farnon Ellwood, M. D.; Verbeeck, Hans ; Van Der Straeten, Dominique ; Penuelas, Josep ; Janssens, Ivan A. |
| Title |
Comparable canapy and soil free living nitrogen fixation rates in e lowland tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Science of the total environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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754 |
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Biodiversité ; Systématique ; phylogénie ; taxonomie ; Ecologie, Environnement ; Ecosystèmes ; Biologie végétale ; Botanique ; Biodiversité |
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Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a fundamental part of nitrogen cycling in tropical forests, yet little is known about the contribution made by free-living nitrogen fixers inhabiting the often-extensive forest canopy. We used the acetylene reduction assay, calibrated with 15N2, to measure free-living BNF on forest canopy leaves, vascular epiphytes, bryophytes and canopy soil, as well as on the forest floor in leaf litter and soil. We used a combination of calculated and published component densities to upscale free-living BNF rates to the forest level. We found that bryophytes and leaves situated in the canopy in particular displayed high mass-based rates of free-living BNF. Additionally, we calculated that nearly 2 kg of nitrogen enters the forest ecosystem through free-living BNF every year, 40% of which was fixed by the various canopy components. Our results reveal that in the studied tropical lowland forest a large part of the nitrogen input through free-living BNF stems from the canopy, but also that the total nitrogen inputs by free-living BNF are lower than previously thought and comparable to the inputs of reactive nitrogen by atmospheric deposition. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1006 |
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Levionnois, Sébastien ; Ziegler, Camille ; Heuret, Patrick ; Jansen, Steven ; Stahl, Clément ; Calvet, Emma ; Goret, Jean-Yves ; Bonal, Damien ; Coste, Sabrina |
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Is vulnerability segmentation at the leaf‑stem transition a drought resistance mechanism? A theoretical test with a trait‑based model for Neotropical canopy tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
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78 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
78-87 |
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Neotropics, bark, canopy, capacitance, drought, drought tolerance, embolism, leaves, models, transpiration, trees, tropical rain forests, xylem |
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Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stem. However, although it has been intensively investigated these past decades, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. Based on a trait-based model, this study theoretically supports that vulnerability segmentation enhances shoot desiccation time across 18 Neotropical tree species. CONTEXT: Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stems thereby preserving expensive organs such as branches or the trunk. Although vulnerability segmentation has been intensively investigated these past decades to test its consistency across species, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. AIMS: We investigated the theoretical impact of the degree of vulnerability segmentation on shoot desiccation time estimated with a simple trait-based model. METHODS: We combined data from 18 tropical rainforest canopy tree species on embolism resistance of stem xylem (flow-centrifugation technique) and leaves (optical visualisation method). Measured water loss under minimum leaf and bark conductance, leaf and stem capacitance, and leaf-to-bark area ratio allowed us to calculate a theoretical shoot desiccation time (tcᵣᵢₜ). RESULTS: Large degrees of vulnerability segmentation strongly enhanced the theoretical shoot desiccation time, suggesting vulnerability segmentation to be an efficient drought resistance mechanism for half of the studied species. The difference between leaf and bark area, rather than the minimum leaf and bark conductance, determined the drastic reduction of total transpiration by segmentation during severe drought. CONCLUSION: Our study strongly suggests that vulnerability segmentation is an important drought resistance mechanism that should be better taken into account when investigating plant drought resistance and modelling vegetation. We discuss future directions for improving model assumptions with empirical measures, such as changes in total shoot transpiration after leaf xylem embolism. |
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Springer Link |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1034 |
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Barr, Cheryl B. ; Cerdan, Axel ; Clavier, Simon ; Murienne, Jérôme |
| Title |
Amazonopsis cerdani (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Species of RiffleBeetle from French Guiana with Habitat Observations |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
The Coleopterists Bulletin |
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75 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
427-439 |
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A third species of Amazonopsis , Amazonopsis cerdani Barr and Cerdan, new species (Coleoptera: Elmidae), is herein described from French Guiana. One female paratype of Amazonopsis theranyi Barr from Peru is tentatively reassigned to A. cerdani as a non-paratype. Photographic images of the male and female habitus, and the male genitalia, are provided, as is a distribution map and a key to the species. Amazonopsis cerdani differs from A. theranyi from Peru and Amazonopsis camachoi Barr from Venezuela by the presence of prominent spines on protarsomeres 1–4 of males, among other characters. The habitat of this species is small, shallow, lowland streams with sandy-silty substrates and low flow. Specimens were collected from unconsolidated leaf litter in depositional areas, and from stick and leaf packs lodged in the current. Genetic analysis conducted on three specimens from two localities, a male and two females, showed that they are conspecific. |
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BioOne |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1035 |
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Lormée, Hervé ; Berzins, Rachel ; Rocheteau, Vincent ; De Coster, Fran ; Denis, Thomas ; Richard-Hanssen, Cécile |
| Title |
Seasonal Variation in the Home Ranges of Black Curassow, Crax alector, in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Tropical Conservation Science |
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14 |
Issue |
1 |
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1-10 |
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spatial ecology, Cracids, tracking, Kernel method, Home range, movement pattern |
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Cracidae is the most threatened avian family in the Neotropics, mainly because of habitat destruction, heavy hunting pressure and poaching. In French Guiana, Black Curassows are heavily hunted, although basic knowledge of the ecological and demographical traits of the species remains limited. Such a gap prevents any attempt to assess the impact of hunting and to help stakeholders to develop proposals ensuring hunting sustainability. The spatial relationship between animals and their habitat is important for conservation management, being related to population densities through complex patterns. Here, we report on a radio-tracking study of Black Curassows in tropical primary rainforest, in Nouragues National Reserve, French Guiana. The aims of the study were to estimate home range size and its variation across seasons, and to quantify movement patterns of the birds. We captured and fitted VHF tags to four adults, and tracked them for 10 to 21.5 months. Daily movements were recorded, and home ranges estimated using the Kernel Density method, for two consecutive wet seasons and one dry season. Using 95% and 50% Kernel densities, the average annual home range and core area were 96.3± 32.6 ha (SE) and 22.8 ± 2.8 ha respectively. Home ranges appeared spatially stable over the two years, and overlapped between neighbouring groups. During the dry season, Black Curassows did not migrate but tended to enlarge their home range, with greater daily movements and higher home range overlap. Although additional data are still needed, our results can help to improve the knowledge and management of this poorly studied species |
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SAGE |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1036 |
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