| Records |
| Author |
Dezerald, O.; Talaga, S.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
| Title |
Environmental determinants of macroinvertebrate diversity in small water bodies: Insights from tank-bromeliads |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Hydrobiologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hydrobiologia |
| Volume |
723 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages  |
77-86 |
| Keywords |
Freshwater biodiversity; Linear mixed effect modelling; Microcosms; Phytotelmata; Ponds |
| Abstract |
The interlocking leaves of tank-forming bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) collect rainwater and detritus, thus creating a freshwater habitat for specialized organisms. Their abundance and the possibility of quantifying communities with accuracy give us unparalleled insight into how changes in local to regional environments influence community diversity in small water bodies. We sampled 365 bromeliads (365 invertebrate communities) along a southeastern to northwestern range in French Guiana. Geographic locality determined the species pool for bromeliad invertebrates, and local environments determined the abundance patterns through the selection of traits that are best adapted to the bromeliad habitats. Patterns in community structure mostly emerged from patterns of predator species occurrence and abundance across local-regional environments, while the set of detritivores remained constant. Water volume had a strong positive correlation with invertebrate diversity, making it a biologically relevant measure of the pools' carrying capacity. The significant effects of incoming detritus and incident light show that changes in local environments (e.g., the conversion of forest to cropping systems) strongly influence freshwater communities. Because changes in local environments do not affect detritivores and predators equally, one may expect functional shifts as sets of invertebrates with particular traits are replaced or complemented by other sets with different traits. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. |
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CNRS, EcoLab (UMR-CNRS 5245), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France |
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00188158 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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517 |
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Seibold, Sebastien ; Rammer, Werner ; Hothorn, Torsten ; Seidl, Rupert ; Ulyshen, Michael ; Lorz, Janina ; Cadotte, Marc ; Lindenmayer, David ; Adhikari, Yagya ; Aragón, Roxana ; Bae, Soyeon ; Baldrian, Petr ; Barimani Varandi, Hassan ; Barlow, Jos ; Bässler, Clauss ; Beauchêne, Jacques ; and all ................... |
| Title |
The contribution of insects to global forest deadwood decomposition |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
597 |
Issue |
7874 |
Pages |
77-81 |
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| Abstract |
The amount of carbon stored in deadwood is equivalent to about 8 per cent of the global forest carbon stocks1. The decomposition of deadwood is largely governed by climate2-5 with decomposer groups-such as microorganisms and insects-contributing to variations in the decomposition rates2,6,7. At the global scale, the contribution of insects to the decomposition of deadwood and carbon release remains poorly understood7. Here we present a field experiment of wood decomposition across 55 forest sites and 6 continents. We find that the deadwood decomposition rates increase with temperature, and the strongest temperature effect is found at high precipitation levels. Precipitation affects the decomposition rates negatively at low temperatures and positively at high temperatures. As a net effect-including the direct consumption by insects and indirect effects through interactions with microorganisms-insects accelerate the decomposition in tropical forests (3.9% median mass loss per year). In temperate and boreal forests, we find weak positive and negative effects with a median mass loss of 0.9 per cent and -0.1 per cent per year, respectively. Furthermore, we apply the experimentally derived decomposition function to a global map of deadwood carbon synthesized from empirical and remote-sensing data, obtaining an estimate of 10.9 ± 3.2 petagram of carbon per year released from deadwood globally, with 93 per cent originating from tropical forests. Globally, the net effect of insects may account for 29 per cent of the carbon flux from deadwood, which suggests a functional importance of insects in the decomposition of deadwood and the carbon cycle. |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1046 |
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Brémaud, I.; Ruelle, J.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
| Title |
Changes in viscoelastic vibrational properties between compression and normal wood: Roles of microfibril angle and of lignin |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-85 |
| Keywords |
Compression wood (CW); Damping coefficient; Ft-Ir; Internal friction; Lignin; Microfibril angle (MFA); Picea abies; Pinus pinaster; Pinus sylvestris; Specific dynamic modulus of elasticity; Viscoelastic vibrational properties |
| Abstract |
This study aims at better understanding the respective influences of specific gravity (γ ), microfibril angle (MFA), and cell wall matrix polymers on viscoelastic vibrational properties of wood in the axial direction. The wide variations of properties between normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) are in focus. Three young bent trees (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster ), which recovered verticality, were sampled. Several observed differences between NW and CW were highly significant in terms of anatomical, physical (γ, shrinkage, CIE Lab colorimetry), mechanical (compressive strength), and vibrational properties. The specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E′/γ) decreases with increasing MFA, and Young's modulus (E′) can be satisfactorily explained by γ and MFA. Apparently, the type of the cell wall polymer matrix is not influential in this regard. The damping coefficient (tan δ) does not depend solely on the MFA of NW and CW. The tanδ-E′/γ relationship evidences that, at equivalent E′/γ, the tan δ of CW is approximately 34% lower than that of NW. This observation is ascribed to the more condensed nature of CW lignins, and this is discussed in the context of previous findings in other hygrothermal and time/frequency domains. It is proposed that the lignin structure and the amount and type of extractives, which are both different in various species, are partly responsible for taxonomy-related damping characteristics. Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston. |
| Address |
Wood Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland |
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Export Date: 25 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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471 |
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Bodin, S.C.; Scheel-Ybert, R.; Beauchene, J.; Molino, J.-F.; Bremond, L. |
| Title |
CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iawa J. |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-91 |
| Keywords |
anthracology; Charcoal anatomy; computeraided identification; Note: Supplementary material can be accessed in the online edition of this journal via brill.com/iawa.; tropical flora; Xper 2 |
| Abstract |
Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas. This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 'items' and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.'s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper 2 , specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification. |
| Address |
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France |
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Brill Academic Publishers |
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09281541 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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864 |
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| Author |
Herault, B.; Honnay, O. |
| Title |
Using life-history traits to achieve a functional classification of habitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Applied Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Veg. Sci. |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
73-80 |
| Keywords |
forest connectivity; functional group; habitat typology; land-use history; riverine forest; species functional unity |
| Abstract |
Question: To establish a habitat classification based on functional group co-occurrence that may help the drawing up of conservation plans. Location: Riverine forest fragments in the Grand-duche de Luxembourg, Europe. Methods: Forest fragments were surveyed for their abundance of vascular plants. These were clustered into emergent groups according to 14 life-traits related to plant dispersal, establishment and persistence. Forest fragments were classified according to similar distribution of the identified emergent groups. Environmental factors were related to the emergent group richness in each forest type using generalized linear models. Results: Contrary to former species centred classifications, only two groups of forests, each with clearly different emergent group composition and conservation requirements, were detected: (1) swamp forests characterized by anemogamous perennials, annuals and hydrochorous perennials and (2) moist forests characterized by barochorous perennials, small geophytes and zoochorous phanerophytes. From a conservation point of view, priority should be given to large swamp forest with intact flooding regimes. This is in accordance with the high wind and water dispersal capacities of their typical emergent groups. For the moist forests, conservation priorities should be high forest connectivity and historical continuity since dispersal and establishment of their characteristic emergent groups are highly limited. Conclusions: The described methodology, situated at an intermediate integration level between the individual species and whole community descriptors, takes advantage of both conservation plans built for single species and the synthetic power of broad ecological measures. |
| Address |
Univ Liege, Dept Environm Sci & Management, B-6700 Arlon, Belgium, Email: bruno.herault@cirad.fr |
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OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB |
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1402-2001 |
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ISI:000245934700009 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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218 |
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Orivel, J.; Leroy, C. |
| Title |
The diversity and ecology of ant gardens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Spermatophyta: Angiospermae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Myrmecological News |
Abbreviated Journal |
Myrmecol. News |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
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Pages |
73-85 |
| Keywords |
Ant-plant interactions; epiphytes; mutualisms; Neotropics; Paleotropics; phytotelm; parabiosis; seed dispersal; review |
| Abstract |
Mutualistic interactions between ants and plants are important features of many ecosystems, and they can be divided into three main categories: dispersal and protective mutualisms and myrmecotrophy. In both the Neotropics and the Southeastern Asian Paleotropics, ant gardens (AGs), a particular type of ant-plant interaction, are frequent. To initiate AGs, ants integrate the seeds of certain epiphyte species into the carton of their nest. The development of the plants leads to the formation of a cluster of epiphytes rooted in the carton. They have been defined as one of the most complex associations between ants and plants known because of the plurispecific, but also specialized nature of the association involving several phylogenetically-distant ant and plant species. The aim of this review is to provide a synthesis of the diversity and ecology of AGs, including the outcomes experienced by the partners in the interaction and the direct and indirect impacts ant-garden ants have on the plant and arthropod communities. |
| Address |
[Orivel, Jerome; Leroy, Celine] CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: jerome.orivel@ecofog.gf |
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OESTERREICHISCHE GESELL ENTOMOFAUNISTIK, C/O NATURHISTOR MUSEUM WIEN |
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1994-4136 |
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ISI:000286844100009 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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292 |
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| Author |
Herault, B. |
| Title |
Reconciling niche and neutrality through the Emergent Group approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
71-78 |
| Keywords |
Biodiversity; ecological equivalency; biological traits; neutral theory; niche differentiation; redundancy |
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Both niche and neutral theories have been suggested as potential frameworks for modelling biodiversity. Niche models assume that biological traits represent evolutionary adaptations and define individuals in terms of functional trade-offs. Neutral models assume that all individuals at a single trophic level are functionally equivalent on a per capita basis with respect to their birth, death, dispersal and speciation. The opinion of many researchers is that neutral and niche processes operate simultaneously to generate diversity without knowing how the unification of both models can be achieved. Recently, several theoretical papers have reported evidence on the evolutionary emergence of niche structures shaping the emergence of groups of similar species. In this way, an Emergent Group is defined as a set of species that have a similar functional niche owing to a convergent ecological strategy. Central to the Emergent Group concept are the assumptions of functional equivalence within and of functional divergence between Emergent Groups. Within an Emergent Group, species richness is subject to a zero-sum rule set by the balance between the rate of individual loss and of immigration. Between Emergent Groups, tradeoffs such as seed size/seedling competitivity, investment in reproductive system/investment in vegetative systems or competitive ability/predator invulnerability are cornerstones of the evolutionary divergence. Delineating Emergent Groups amounts to reaching a compromise between maximizing niche differentiation (i.e. maximizing differences in functional tradeoffs) between Emergent Groups and maximizing neutrality within Emergent Groups. Up to now, the Emergent Group concept has been mostly proposed by theoretical scientists but it should be tested by empirical ecologists. The way in which niche and neutral models could be combined provides a profitable opportunity for theoretical and empirical scientists to collaborate fruitfully. (c) 2007 Rubel Foundation, ETH Zurich. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: Bruno.Herault@cirad.fr |
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ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG |
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1433-8319 |
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ISI:000251685100002 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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147 |
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Chartier, M.; Pélozuelo, L.; Gibernau, M. |
| Title |
Do floral odor profiles geographically vary with the degree of specificity for pollinators? Investigation in two sapromyophilous Arum species (Araceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
71-77 |
| Keywords |
Arum italicum; Arum maculatum; Floral scent; Psychodidae; Specificity |
| Abstract |
We compared floral odour profiles among populations of two Arum species which show different degrees of specificity for their fly pollinators. Insects were collected from inflorescences in four populations of Arum italicum and two populations of Arum maculatum. In six Arum populations, we compared inflorescences odour profiles collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. We confirmed that from a pollination point of view, A. italicum is an opportunist species, as it is mainly pollinated by insects of the families Psychodidae, Chironomidae and Sciaridae, whereas A. maculatum is a specialist species, as it is 90% pollinated by Psychodidae. In all populations, Arum italicum was less attractive to pollinators than Arum maculatum. Floral odour profiles of A. italicum were not geographically structured among populations, suggesting a high gene flow or adaptation to a fluctuant guild of pollinators. On the contrary, odour profiles of A. maculatum varied between the two populations studied suggesting a lower gene flow or adaptation to different local pollinator preferences. |
| Address |
CNRS – Ecofog (UMR 8172), BP709, F-97387 Kourou, France |
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00379271 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Chartier, M.; Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Bât. 4R3-B2, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; email: chartier.marion@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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366 |
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Maia, A.C.D.; Gibernau, M.; Dötterl, S.; Do Amaral Ferraz Navarro, D.M.; Seifert, K.; Müller, T.; Schlindwein, C. |
| Title |
The floral scent of Taccarum ulei (Araceae): Attraction of scarab beetle pollinators to an unusual aliphatic acyloin |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Phytochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phytochemistry |
| Volume |
93 |
Issue |
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Pages |
71-78 |
| Keywords |
(S)-2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanone; Araceae; Behavioral tests; Cyclocephala celata and C. cearae; Dihydro-β-ionone; Floral volatiles; Taccarum ulei |
| Abstract |
The strongly fragrant thermogenic inflorescences of Taccarum ulei (Araceae) are highly attractive to nightactive scarab beetles of Cyclocephala celata and C. cearae (Scarabaeidae, Cyclocephalini), which are effective pollinators of plants in the wild in northeastern Brazil. GC-MS analysis of headspace floral scent samples of T. ulei established that two constituents, (S)-2-hydroxy-5- methyl-3-hexanone (an aliphatic acyloin rarely detected in flowers) and dihydro-b-ionone (an irregular terpene) accounted for over 96% of the total scent discharge. Behavioral tests (in both field and cages) showed that male and female C. celata and C. cearae were attracted to traps baited with a synthetic mixture of both compounds; however, they were also responsive to (S)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanone alone, which thus functions as a specific attractive cue. These findings support other recent research in suggesting that angiosperms pollinated by cyclocephaline scarab beetles release floral odors of limited complexity in terms of numbers of compounds, but often dominated by unusual compounds that may ensure attraction of specific pollinator species. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. |
| Address |
Organismic Biology, Plant Ecology, Salzburg University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria |
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00319422 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 October 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pytca; doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.03.005; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Maia, A.C.D.; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, s/n, Cidade Universita, Recife, PE 50740-560, Brazil; email: arturcamposmaia@yahoo.com.br |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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504 |
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Leroy, C.; Petitclerc, F.; Orivel, J.; Corbara, B.; Carrias, J.-F.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
| Title |
The influence of light, substrate and seed origin on the germination and establishment of an ant-garden bromeliad |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Biol J |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
70-78 |
| Keywords |
Aechmea mertensii; bromeliad; French Guiana; germination; plant performance; survival |
| Abstract |
Plant germination and development depend upon a seed's successful dispersal into a suitable habitat and its ability to grow and survive within the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. The seeds of Aechmea mertensii, a tank-bromeliad species, are dispersed by either Camponotus femoratus or Neoponera goeldii, two ant species that initiate ant gardens (AGs). These two mutualistic ant species influence the vegetative and reproductive traits of the bromeliad through their divergent ecological preferences (i.e. light and substrate). We hypothesised that the seeds dispersed by these two ant species have underlying genetic differences affecting germination, growth and survival of A. mertensii seedlings in different ways. To test this, we used an experimental approach consisting of sowing seeds of A. mertensii: (i) taken from the two AG–ant associations (i.e. seed origin), (ii) in two contrasting light conditions, and (iii) on three different substrates. Light and substrate had significant effects on germination, survival and on eight key leaf traits reflecting plant performance. Seed origin had a significant effect only on germination and on two leaf traits (total dry mass and relative growth rate). Overall, this bromeliad performs better (i.e. high growth and survival rates) when growing both in the shade and in the carton nest developed by C. femoratus ants. These results suggest that the plasticity of the tank bromeliad A. mertensii is mainly due to environment but also to genetic differences related to seed origin, as some traits are heritable. Thus, these two ant species may play contrasting roles in shaping plant evolution and speciation. |
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1438-8677 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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712 |
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