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Hattenschwiler, S.; Fromin, N.; Barantal, S. |
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Title |
Functional diversity of terrestrial microbial decomposers and their substrates |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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334 |
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5-6 |
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393-402 |
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Bacteria; Biogeochemical cycles; Decomposition; Dissimilarity; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity indices; Fungi; Leaf litter |
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The relationship between biodiversity and biogeochemical processes gained much interest in light of the rapidly decreasing biodiversity worldwide. In this article, we discuss the current status, challenges and prospects of functional concepts to plant litter diversity and microbial decomposer diversity. We also evaluate whether these concepts permit a better understanding of how biodiversity is linked to litter decomposition as a key ecosystem process influencing carbon and nutrient cycles. Based on a literature survey, we show that plant litter and microbial diversity matters for decomposition, but that considering numbers of taxonomic units appears overall as little relevant and less useful than functional diversity. However, despite easily available functional litter traits and the well-established theoretical framework for functional litter diversity, the impact of functional litter diversity on decomposition is not yet well enough explored. Defining functional diversity of microorganisms remains one of the biggest challenges for functional approaches to microbial diversity. Recent developments in microarray and metagenomics technology offer promising possibilities in the assessment of the functional structure of microbial communities. This might allow significant progress in measuring functional microbial diversity and ultimately in our ability to predict consequences of biodiversity loss in the decomposer system for biogeochemical processes. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Haettenschwiler, Stephan; Fromin, Nathalie; Barantal, Sandra] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: stephan.hattenschwiler@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000292013400008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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323 |
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McLean, J.P.; Arnould, O.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
The effect of the G-layer on the viscoelastic properties of tropical hardwoods |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
399-408 |
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Keywords |
Dma; G-layer; Reaction wood; Tropical wood; Viscoelasticity |
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· Context and aim This study aimed to examine the effect of the tension wood G-layer on the viscoelastic properties of wood. · Methods Tension wood and opposite wood samples were obtained from six French Guianese tropical rainforest species (Sextonia rubra, Ocotea guyanensis, Inga alba, Tachigali melinoni, Iyranthera sagotiana and Virola michelii); the tension wood of the former three of these species had a Glayer, whilst the tension wood from the latter three had no Glayer. Tensile dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed on green never dried wood samples in the longitudinal direction with samples submerged in a water bath at a temperature (30°C) and frequency (1 Hz) representative of the conditions experienced by wood within a living tree. Then, DMA was repeated with samples conditioned to an air-dried state. Finally, samples were oven-dried to measure longitudinal shrinkage. · Results Tension wood did not always have a higher longitudinal storage (elastic) modulus than opposite wood from the same tree regardless of the presence or absence of a G-layer. For the species containing a G-layer, tension wood had a higher damping coefficient and experienced a greater longitudinal shrinkage upon drying than opposite wood from the same species. No difference was found in damping coefficients between tension wood and opposite wood for the species that had no G-layer. · Conclusion It is proposed that the different molecular composition of the G-layer matrix has an influence on the viscoelasticity of wood, even if a biomechanical gain is not yet clear. This study shows that rheological properties and longitudinal shrinkage can be used to detect the presence of a G-layer in tension wood. © INRA/Springer-Verlag France 2011. |
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UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), CIRAD, Kourou, French Guiana |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0164-1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: McLean, J.P.; Forest Products Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, United Kingdom; email: p.mclean@napier.ac.uk |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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404 |
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Bompy, F.; Lequeue, G.; Imbert, D.; Dulormne, M. |
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Increasing fluctuations of soil salinity affect seedling growth performances and physiology in three Neotropical mangrove species |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Plant and Soil |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant and Soil |
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380 |
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1 |
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399-413 |
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Acclimation; Avicennia germinans; Hypersalinity; Laguncularia racemosa; Leaf gas exchange; Rhizophora mangle; Salt stress |
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Background: Micro-tidal wetlands are subject to strong seasonal variations of soil salinity that are likely to increase in amplitude according to climate model predictions for the Caribbean. Whereas the effects of constant salinity levels on the physiology of mangrove species have been widely tested, little is known about acclimation to fluctuations in salinity. Aims and methods: The aim of this experiment was to characterize the consequences of the rate of increase in salinity (slow versus fast) and salinity fluctuations over time versus constant salt level. Seedling mortality, growth, and leaf gas exchange of three mangrove species, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle were investigated in semicontrolled conditions at different salt levels (0, 685, 1025, and 1370 mM NaCl). Results: Slow salinity increase up to 685 mM induced acclimation, improving the salt tolerance of A. germinans and L. racemosa, but had no effect on R. mangle. During fluctuations between 0 and 685 mM, A. germinans and R. mangle were not affected by a salinity drop to zero, whereas L. racemosa took advantage of the brief freshwater episode as shown by the durable improvement of photosynthesis and biomass production. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into physiological resistance and acclimation to salt stress. We show that seasonal variations of salinity may affect mangrove seedlings' morphology and physiology as much as annual mean salinity. Moreover, more severe dry seasons due to climate change may impact tree stature and species composition in mangroves through higher mortality rates and physiological disturbance at the seedling stage. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland. |
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EA 926 DYNECAR, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 592, 97 159 Pointe-à-Pitre cedex, Guadeloupe (F.W.I.), France |
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Cited By :7; Export Date: 7 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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726 |
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Nasr, H.; Domenach, A.M.; Ghorbel, M.H.; Benson, D.R. |
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Divergence in symbiotic interactions between same genotypic PCR-RFLP Frankia strains and different Casuarinaceae species under natural conditions |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Physiologia Plantarum |
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Physiol. Plant. |
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130 |
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3 |
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400-408 |
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The symbiotic interactions between Frankia strains and their associated plants from the Casuarinaceae under controlled conditions are well documented but little is known about these interactions under natural conditions. We explored the symbiotic interactions between eight genotypically characterized Frankia strains and five Casuarinaceae species in long-term field trials. Characterization of strains was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the nifD-nifK intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S-23S ITS. Assessments of the symbiotic interactions were based on nodulation patterns using nodule dry weight and viability, and on actual N-2 fixation using the delta N-15 method. The PCR-RFLP patterns showed that the analyzed strains belonged to the same genotypic group (CeD group), regardless of the host species and environment of origin. The nodule viability index is introduced as a new tool to measure the viability of perennial nodules and to predict their effectiveness. The host Casuarinaceae species was a key factor influencing both the actual N-2-fixing activity of the associated Frankia strain and the viability of nodules within a location. This is the first study providing information on the symbiotic interactions between genotypically characterized Frankia strains and actinorhizal plants under natural conditions. The results revealed a way to improve a long-term management of the Casuarinaceae symbiosis. |
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Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06279 USA, Email: david.benson@uconn.edu |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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0031-9317 |
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ISI:000247206100010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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161 |
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Rutishauser, E.; Barthelemy, D.; Blanc, L.; Nicolini, E.A. |
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Crown fragmentation assessment in tropical trees: Method, insights and perspectives |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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261 |
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3 |
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400-407 |
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Crown assessment; Crown fragmentation; Tree mortality; Forest dynamics |
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Decreasing growth rate (Feeley et al., 2007) and large die-back due to drought (Phillips et al., 2009) suggest that tropical forests are suffering recent climate changes. Forest vulnerability to external factors (e.g. air pollution, acid rain) is widely studied in northern countries, while only a few attempts have investigated crown integrity in the Tropics. The method needs to be generic enough to account for the large number of species and crown shapes encountered in tropical forests. In the present study, we developed and tested a novel field method that estimates crown fragmentation (main branch mortality (MB) and secondary branch mortality (SB)), liana infestation (LI) and crown position (CP) in the canopy. The relationship between crown fragmentation and annual growth rate (agr) was investigated through multiple regression. Six out of eight canopy tree species showed significant growth decline with increasing crown fragmentation. Higher probability of death was also found in trees with severe crown fragmentation. The capacity of such crown assessment to depict tree vitality in a forest stand is discussed along with potential applications in both forest science and management. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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[Rutishauser, Ervan; Eric-Andre, Nicolini] Cirad UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: er.rutishauser@gmail.com |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0378-1127 |
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ISI:000287333000009 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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293 |
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Derory, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Le Dantec, L.; Graignic, N.; Jauffres, A.; Casasoli, M.; Chancerel, E.; Bodenes, C.; Alberto, F.; Kremer, A. |
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Contrasting relations between diversity of candidate genes and variation of bud burst in natural and segregating populations of European oaks |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Heredity |
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105 |
Issue |
4 |
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401-411 |
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nucleotide diversity; candidate gene; QTL; Quercus petraea |
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Nucleotide diversity was assessed within nine candidate genes (in total 4.6 kb) for the time of bud burst in nine sessile oak (Quercus petraea) populations distributed in central and northern Europe. The sampled populations were selected on the basis of their contrasting time of bud burst observed in common garden experiments (provenance tests). The candidate genes were selected according to their expression profiles during the transition from quiescent to developing buds and/or their functional role in model plants. The overall nucleotide diversity was large (pi(tot) – 6.15 x 10(-3); pi(silent) – 11.2 x 10(-3)), but population differentiation was not larger than for microsatellites. No outlier single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), departing from neutral expectation, was found among the total of 125 SNPs. These results contrasted markedly with the significant associations that were observed between the candidate genes and bud burst in segregating populations. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for bud burst were identified for 13 year*site seasonal observations in a cloned mapping pedigree. Nineteen QTLs were detected, and QTLs located on linkage groups 2, 5 and 9 contributed repeatedly to more than 12% of the phenotypic variation of the trait. Eight genes were polymorphic in the two parents of the pedigree and could be mapped on the existing genetic map. Five of them located within the confidence intervals of QTLs for bud burst. Interestingly, four of them located within the three QTLs exhibiting the largest contributions to bud burst. Heredity (2010) 105, 401-411; doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.170; published online 9 December 2009 |
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[Derory, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Graignic, N.; Jauffres, A.; Casasoli, M.; Chancerel, E.; Bodenes, C.; Alberto, F.; Kremer, A.] INRA, BIOGECO UMR1202, F-33610 Cestas, France, Email: antoine.kremer@pierroton.inra.fr |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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0018-067X |
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ISI:000282059900010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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41 |
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Ruiz-Gonzalez, M.X.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
The Weaver Wasp: Spinning Fungus into a Nest |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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42 |
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4 |
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402-404 |
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Allomerus decemarticulatus; French Guiana; Hirtella physophora; nest architecture; Nitela constructor; wasp biology |
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Wasp nests range from simple to complex structures made of paper or mud. Here, we show that a Neotropical wasp of the genus Nitela builds its nest entirely by weaving endophytic fungal hyphae and spider silk harvested from the leaves growing in the understory of the rain forest in French Guiana. |
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[Ruiz-Gonzalez, Mario X.; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse, UPS, EDB, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: orivel@cict.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000279438900002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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54 |
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Steidinger, B.S.; Crowther, T.W.; Liang, J.; Van Nuland, M.E.; Werner, G.D.A.; Reich, P.B.; Nabuurs, G.; de-Miguel, S.; Zhou, M.; Picard, N.; Herault, B.; Zhao, X.; Zhang, C.; Routh, D.; Peay, K.G.; Abegg, M.; Adou Yao, C.Y.; Alberti, G.; Almeyda Zambrano, A.; Alvarez-Davila, E.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Alves, L.F.; Ammer, C.; Antón-Fernández, C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arroyo, L.; Avitabile, V.; Aymard, G.; Baker, T.; Bałazy, R.; Banki, O.; Barroso, J.; Bastian, M.; Bastin, J.-F.; Birigazzi, L.; Birnbaum, P.; Bitariho, R.; Boeckx, P.; Bongers, F.; Bouriaud, O.; Brancalion, P.H.S.; Brandl, S.; Brearley, F.Q.; Brienen, R.; Broadbent, E.; Bruelheide, H.; Bussotti, F.; Cazzolla Gatti, R.; Cesar, R.; Cesljar, G.; Chazdon, R.; Chen, H.Y.H.; Chisholm, C.; Cienciala, E.; Clark, C.J.; Clark, D.; Colletta, G.; Condit, R.; Coomes, D.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Corral-Rivas, J.J.; Crim, P.; Cumming, J.; Dayanandan, S.; de Gasper, A.L.; Decuyper, M.; Derroire, G.; DeVries, B.; Djordjevic, I.; Iêda, A.; Dourdain, A.; Obiang, N.L.E.; Enquist, B.; Eyre, T.; Fandohan, A.B.; Fayle, T.M.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Finér, L.; Fischer, M.; Fletcher, C.; Fridman, J.; Frizzera, L.; Gamarra, J.G.P.; Gianelle, D.; Glick, H.B.; Harris, D.; Hector, A.; Hemp, A.; Hengeveld, G.; Herbohn, J.; Herold, M.; Hillers, A.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Huber, M.; Hui, C.; Cho, H.; Ibanez, T.; Jung, I.; Imai, N.; Jagodzinski, A.M.; Jaroszewicz, B.; Johannsen, V.; Joly, C.A.; Jucker, T.; Karminov, V.; Kartawinata, K.; Kearsley, E.; Kenfack, D.; Kennard, D.; Kepfer-Rojas, S.; Keppel, G.; Khan, M.L.; Killeen, T.; Kim, H.S.; Kitayama, K.; Köhl, M.; Korjus, H.; Kraxner, F.; Laarmann, D.; Lang, M.; Lewis, S.; Lu, H.; Lukina, N.; Maitner, B.; Malhi, Y.; Marcon, E.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Marshall, A.R.; Martin, E.; Martynenko, O.; Meave, J.A.; Melo-Cruz, O.; Mendoza, C.; Merow, C.; Monteagudo Mendoza, A.; Moreno, V.; Mukul, S.A.; Mundhenk, P.; Nava-Miranda, M.G.; Neill, D.; Neldner, V.; Nevenic, R.; Ngugi, M.; Niklaus, P.; Oleksyn, J.; Ontikov, P.; Ortiz-Malavasi, E.; Pan, Y.; Paquette, A.; Parada-Gutierrez, A.; Parfenova, E.; Park, M.; Parren, M.; Parthasarathy, N.; Peri, P.L.; Pfautsch, S.; Phillips, O.; Piedade, M.T.; Piotto, D.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Polo, I.; Poorter, L.; Poulsen, A.D.; Poulsen, J.R.; Pretzsch, H.; Ramirez Arevalo, F.; Restrepo-Correa, Z.; Rodeghiero, M.; Rolim, S.; Roopsind, A.; Rovero, F.; Rutishauser, E.; Saikia, P.; Saner, P.; Schall, P.; Schelhaas, M.-J.; Schepaschenko, D.; Scherer-Lorenzen, M.; Schmid, B.; Schöngart, J.; Searle, E.; Seben, V.; Serra-Diaz, J.M.; Salas-Eljatib, C.; Sheil, D.; Shvidenko, A.; Silva-Espejo, J.; Silveira, M.; Singh, J.; Sist, P.; Slik, F.; Sonké, B.; Souza, A.F.; Stereńczak, K.; Svenning, J.-C.; Svoboda, M.; Targhetta, N.; Tchebakova, N.; Steege, H.; Thomas, R.; Tikhonova, E.; Umunay, P.; Usoltsev, V.; Valladares, F.; van der Plas, F.; Van Do, T.; Vasquez Martinez, R.; Verbeeck, H.; Viana, H.; Vieira, S.; von Gadow, K.; Wang, H.-F.; Watson, J.; Westerlund, B.; Wiser, S.; Wittmann, F.; Wortel, V.; Zagt, R.; Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T.; Zhu, Z.-X.; Zo-Bi, I.C.; GFBI consortium |
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Title |
Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
569 |
Issue |
7756 |
Pages |
404-408 |
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Fungi |
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The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools 1,2 , sequester carbon 3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change 5,6 . Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species 7 , constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. |
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Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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00280836 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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872 |
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Kiaer, L.P.; Felber, F.; Flavell, A.; Guadagnuolo, R.; Guiatti, D.; Hauser, T.P.; Olivieri, A.M.; Scotti, I.; Syed, N.; Vischi, M.; van de Wiel, C.; Jorgensen, R.B. |
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Spontaneous gene flow and population structure in wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L |
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2009 |
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Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution |
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Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. |
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56 |
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3 |
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405-419 |
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AFLP; GM co-existence; Gene dispersal; Introgression; Risk assessment; SSAP |
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Spontaneous gene flow between wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L., may have implications for the genetic structure and evolution of populations and varieties. One aspect of this crop-wild gene flow is the dispersal of transgenes from genetically modified varieties, e.g. gene flow from GM chicory to natural chicory could have unwanted consequences. With the purpose to identify and quantify crop-wild gene flow in chicory, we analysed introgression in 19 wild chicory populations and 16 accessions of chicory varieties and landraces distributed across Northern, Central and Mediterranean Europe. The analysis used 281 AFLP markers and 75 SSAP markers giving a total of 356 polymorphic markers. Results from model based assignments with the program STRUCTURE indicated many incidents of recent gene flow. Gene flow was observed both between cultivars and wild populations, between landraces and wild populations, between different wild populations as well as between cultivars. Population structure visualized by distance-based clustering showed a North-South geographical structuring of the wild populations, and a general grouping of the cultivars corresponding to known origin. The results indicated, however, that the structuring between the two groups of wild and cultivated types was weak. As crop and wild recipients are genetically close and genes are transferred between the two types rather frequently, focus on mitigating crop-wild gene flow should be increased, before transgenic varieties are cultivated openly. |
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[Kiaer, L. P.; Jorgensen, R. B.] DTU, Riso Natl Lab, Biosyst Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Email: rikke.bagger.jorgensen@risoe.dk |
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SPRINGER |
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0925-9864 |
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ISI:000264835300011 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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204 |
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Marcon, E.; Puech, F. |
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Evaluating the geographic concentration of industries using distance-based methods |
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2003 |
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Journal of Economic Geography |
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J. Econ. Geogr. |
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3 |
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4 |
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409-428 |
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agglomeration; clustering; geographic concentration; location of firms |
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We propose new methods for evaluating the spatial distribution of firms. To assess whether firms are concentrated or dispersed, economists have traditionally used indices that analyse the heterogeneity of a spatial structure at a single geographic level. We introduce distance-based methods, Besag's L function (derived from Ripley's K function) and Diggle and Chetwynd's D function to describe simultaneously spatial distribution at different geographical scales. Our empirical applications consider the distribution of French manufacturing firms in the Paris area and in France generally. For some geographic levels, results show significant concentration or dispersion of firms according to their sector of activity. |
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ENGREF, Kourou 97310, French Guiana |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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1468-2702 |
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ISI:000185742500004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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269 |
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