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	Author	Vleminckx, J.; Schimann, H.; Decaëns, T.; Fichaux, M.; Vedel, V.; Jaouen, G.; Roy, M.; Lapied, E.; Engel, J.; Dourdain, A.; Petronelli, P.; Orivel, J.; Baraloto, C.
	Title	Coordinated community structure among trees, fungi and invertebrate groups in Amazonian rainforests			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Scientific Reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci. Rep.
	Volume	9	Issue		Pages	11337
	Keywords
	Abstract	Little is known regarding how trophic interactions shape community assembly in tropical forests. Here we assess multi-taxonomic community assembly rules using a rare standardized coordinated inventory comprising exhaustive surveys of five highly-diverse taxonomic groups exerting key ecological functions: trees, fungi, earthworms, ants and spiders. We sampled 36 1.9-ha plots from four remote locations in French Guiana including precise soil measurements, and we tested whether species turnover was coordinated among groups across geographic and edaphic gradients. All species group pairs exhibited significant compositional associations that were independent from soil conditions. For some of the pairs, associations were also partly explained by soil properties, especially soil phosphorus availability. Our study provides evidence for coordinated turnover among taxonomic groups beyond simple relationships with environmental factors, thereby refining our understanding regarding the nature of interactions occurring among these ecologically important groups. © 2019, The Author(s).
	Address	CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Nature Publishing Group	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	20452322 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	879
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Richard-Hansen, C.; Davy, D.; Longin, G.; Gaillard, L.; Renoux, F.; Grenand, P.; Rinaldo, R.
	Title	Hunting in French Guiana Across Time, Space and Livelihoods			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue		Pages	289
	Keywords
	Abstract	Hunting sustainability in Amazonian ecosystems is a key challenge for modern stakeholders. Predictive models have evolved from first mostly biological data-based to more recent modelling including human behavior. We analyze here the hunting data collected in French Guiana through a panel of indices aiming at drawing the puzzle of parameters influencing hunting activity and impact in various socio ecological conditions across the country. Data were collected from five different study sites differing in cultural origins and remoteness from market economy, and over a ten years period. Most indices show an impact on wildlife populations, and using a full set of indicators allowed us to better understand some underlying mechanisms that lead to a community’s hunting profile. The results showed that there are noticeable differences between the study sites in the practices and the ways hunters face the changes in environment and resources availability
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2296-701x	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	880
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hartke, J.; Sprenger, P.P.; Sahm, J.; Winterberg, H.; Orivel, J.; Baur, H.; Beuerle, T.; Schmitt, T.; Feldmeyer, B.; Menzel, F.
	Title	Cuticular hydrocarbons as potential mediators of cryptic species divergence in a mutualistic ant association			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Ecology and Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	16	Pages	9160-9176
	Keywords	environmental association; integrative taxonomy; niche differentiation; population structure; sexual selection; speciation
	Abstract	Upon advances in sequencing techniques, more and more morphologically identical organisms are identified as cryptic species. Often, mutualistic interactions are proposed as drivers of diversification. Species of the neotropical parabiotic ant association between Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus are known for highly diverse cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles, which in insects serve as desiccation barrier but also as communication cues. In the present study, we investigated the association of the ants’ CHC profiles with genotypes and morphological traits, and discovered cryptic species pairs in both genera. To assess putative niche differentiation between the cryptic species, we conducted an environmental association study that included various climate variables, canopy cover, and mutualistic plant species. Although mostly sympatric, the two Camponotus species seem to prefer different climate niches. However in the two Crematogaster species, we could not detect any differences in niche preference. The strong differentiation in the CHC profiles may thus suggest a possible role during speciation itself either by inducing assortative mating or by reinforcing sexual selection after the speciation event. We did not detect any further niche differences in the environmental parameters tested. Thus, it remains open how the cryptic species avoid competitive exclusion, with scope for further investigations. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
	Address	Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	John Wiley and Sons Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	20457758 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Export Date: 2 September 2019; Correspondence Address: Hartke, J.; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreGermany; email: Juliane.Hartke@senckenberg.de; Funding details: Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Funding details: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Not Available; Funding details: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, ME 3842/5‐1; Funding text 1: We thank Philippe Cerdan and Aurelie Dourdain for research permissions in the Hydreco Lab Petit Saut and the Paracou Research Station, respectively. Similarly, we thank Patrick Châtelet, Philippe Gaucher, and Dorothée Deslignes for permission to sample in the Les Nouragues Reserve. Further on, we thank Heike Stypa for supporting us in preparing the chemical samples. We thank Aidin Niamir for his helpful advice regarding climate data analysis. Financial support for this study was provided by the German Science Foundation (DFG) as a grant to Barbara Feldmeyer (FE 1333/7‐1), Thomas Schmitt (SCHM 2645/7‐1), and Florian Menzel (ME 3842/5‐1) and a grant managed by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR‐10‐LABX‐25‐01) to Jérôme Orivel. The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of the Leibniz Association. 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(2018) Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 63, pp. 31-45; Ströher, P.R., Li, C., Pie, M.R., Exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) markers as a tool for ant phylogeography (2013) Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 57, pp. 427-430. , https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000039; Struck, T.H., Feder, J.L., Bendiksby, M., Birkeland, S., Cerca, J., Gusarov, V.I., Dimitrov, D., Finding evolutionary processes hidden in cryptic species (2018) Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 33, pp. 153-163. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.11.007; Tajima, F., Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism (1989) Genetics, 123, pp. 585-595; Tamura, K., Nei, M., Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees (1993) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10, pp. 512-526; Thibert-Plante, X., Gavrilets, S., Evolution of mate choice and the so-called magic traits in ecological speciation (2013) Ecology Letters, 16, pp. 1004-1013. , https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12131; Thomas, M.L., Simmons, L.W., Sexual dimorphism in cuticular hydrocarbons of the Australian field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) (2008) Journal of Insect Physiology, 54, pp. 1081-1089. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.04.012; Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., Gibson, T.J., CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice (1994) Nucleic Acids Research, 22, pp. 4673-4680. , https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673; Thompson, J.N., Schwind, C., Guimarães, P.R., Friberg, M., Diversification through multitrait evolution in a coevolving interaction (2013) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, pp. 11487-11492. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307451110; Türke, M., Fiala, B., Linsenmair, K.E., Feldhaar, H., Estimation of dispersal distances of the obligately plant-associated ant Crematogaster decamera (2010) Ecological Entomology, 35, pp. 662-671. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01222.x; van Wilgenburg, E., Symonds, M.R.E., Elgar, M.A., Evolution of cuticular hydrocarbon diversity in ants (2011) Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 24, pp. 1188-1198. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02248.x; van Zweden, J.S., d'Ettorre, P., Nestmate recognition in social insects and the role of hydrocarbons (2010) Insect hydrocarbons: Biology, biochemistry, and chemical ecology, pp. 222-243. , G. J. Blomquist, A.-G. Bagnères, (Eds.),, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press; Vantaux, A., Dejean, A., Dor, A., Orivel, J., Parasitism versus mutualism in the ant-garden parabiosis between Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior (2007) Insectes Sociaux, 54, pp. 95-99. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-007-0914-0; Violle, C., Nemergut, D.R., Pu, Z., Jiang, L., Phylogenetic limiting similarity and competitive exclusion (2011) Ecology Letters, 14, pp. 782-787. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01644.x; Vodă, R., Dapporto, L., Dincă, V., Vila, R., Why do cryptic species tend not to co-occur? A case study on two cryptic pairs of butterflies (2015) PLoS ONE, 10. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117802; Wickham, H., (2016) ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis, , 2nd ed., New York, NY, Springer-Verlag; Wolak, M.E., Fairbairn, D.J., Paulsen, Y.R., Guidelines for estimating repeatability (2012) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, pp. 129-137. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00125.x			Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	881
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	Author	Dessert, C.; Clergue, C.; Rousteau, A.; Crispi, O.; Benedetti, M.F.
	Title	Atmospheric contribution to cations cycling in highly weathered catchment, Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Chemical Geology	Abbreviated Journal	Chem. Geol.
	Volume	531	Issue	119354	Pages
	Keywords	Atmospheric deposit; Cation-nutrient recycling; Critical Zone; Saharan dust; Sr and Nd isotopes; Atmospheric chemistry; Biogeochemistry; Catchments; Deposits; Dust; Ecosystems; Forestry; Isotopes; Lakes; Positive ions; Rain; Recycling; Runoff; Soil moisture; Soil surveys; Tropics; Vegetation; Volcanoes; Weathering; Atmospheric deposits; Critical zones; Nutrient recycling; Saharan dust; Sr and Nd isotopes; Nutrients; catchment; cation; dust; isotopic composition; neodymium isotope; regolith; strontium isotope; trace element; water chemistry; water quality; Guadeloupe; Leeward Islands [Lesser Antilles]; Sahara
	Abstract	The important fertilizing role of atmospheric dust, and particularly African dust, in tropical rainforests is increasingly recognized but still poorly quantified. To better evaluate dust input into the Caribbean basin, we sampled critical zone compartments of a small forested volcanic catchment in Guadeloupe (soils, parent rock, atmospheric dust, plants, soil solutions, stream and rain waters). The aims of this study are to track sources of cation nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, Sr) developed on highly weathered soil in the rainforest of Guadeloupe, to quantify plant recycling of these nutrients, and to identify constraints on regolith development and its associated nutrient pool. In the Quiock Creek catchment, a large isotopic range of 87Sr/86Sr and eNd values was observed despite the small scale of observation. Sr isotopic composition of the dissolved load varied from 0.7084 in rainfall to 0.7110 in soil solution, whereas it ranges between 0.7068 and 0.7153 for soil samples and between 0.7096 and 0.7102 for plants. The Nd isotopic composition varied between -8.39 in near-surface soil samples to 2.71 in deeper soil. All samples had an intermediate signature between that of the bedrock endmember (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7038; eNd = 4.8) and the atmospheric endmember (sea salt: 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7092 and Saharan dust: 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7187, eNd=-11.5). The regolith was built on pyroclastic deposits, but, because of extreme leaching, the regolith has lost its original bedrock signature and inherited an exogenous atmospheric signature. Our results show that only the chemical weathering of the fresh near-surface minerals can provide nutrients to the ecosystem (first 30 cm). However, this dust weathering is too low to sustain the tropical forest ecosystem on its own. The cationic mass balance at the catchment scale, as well as the Sr isotopic signature, show that cation and Sr fluxes are of atmospheric origin only and that original bedrock no longer participates in nutrient cycles. The vegetation reflects the 87Sr/86Sr of the dissolved pool of atmospheric Sr. At the soil-plant scale, the cation-nutrient fluxes provided by vegetation (litter fall + leaf excretion) are major compared to input and output fluxes. The annual Ca, K, Sr and Mg fluxes within the vegetation are, respectively, 31, 28, 20 and 3 times greater than the exported fluxes at the outlet of the basin. The residence time of nutrients in the vegetation is 16 years for K and close to 45 years for Sr, Ca and Mg. These results emphasize the highly efficient vegetative turnover that dominates the nutrient cycle in the Quiock Creek catchment. This first characterization of biogeochemical cycles in the Guadeloupean rainforest suggests that the forest community of Quiock Creek is sustained by a small near-surface nutrient pool disconnected from the deep volcanic bedrock. We also demonstrated that, even with efficient nutrient recycling, Saharan dust plays a significant role in maintaining ecosystem productivity in Guadeloupe over long-time scales.
	Address	Laboratoire de biologie et de physiologie végétales, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier B.V.	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	00092541 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Export Date: 18 November 2019; Correspondence Address: Dessert, C.; Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRSFrance; email: dessert@ipgp.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	895
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	Author	Ruiz-González, M.X.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Gryta, H.; Jargeat, P.; Carrión, A.D.A.; Orivel, J.
	Title	Do host plant and associated ant species affect microbial communities in myrmecophytes?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Insects	Abbreviated Journal	Insects
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	391
	Keywords	Allomerus decemarticulatus; Allomerus octoarticulatus; Azteca sp; Cf; Cordia nodosa; Depilis; Domatia; Hirtella physophora; Microbial diversity
	Abstract	Ant-associated microorganisms can play crucial and often overlooked roles, and given the diversity of interactions that ants have developed, the study of the associated microbiomes is of interest. We focused here on specialist plant-ant species of the genus Allomerus that grow a fungus to build galleries on their host-plant stems. Allomerus-inhabited domatia, thus, might be a rich arena for microbes associated with the ants, the plant, and the fungus. We investigated the microbial communities present in domatia colonised by four arboreal ants: Allomerus decemarticulatus, A. octoarticulatus, A. octoarticulatus var. demerarae, and the non-fungus growing plant-ant Azteca sp. cf. depilis, inhabiting Hirtella physophora or Cordia nodosa in French Guiana. We hypothesized that the microbial community will differ among these species. We isolated microorganisms from five colonies of each species, sequenced the 16S rRNA or Internal TranscribedSpacer (ITS) regions, and described both the alpha and beta diversities. We identified 69 microbial taxa, which belong to five bacterial and two fungal phyla. The most diverse phyla were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The microbial community of Azteca cf. depilis and Allomerus spp. differed in composition and richness. Geographical distance affected microbial communities and richness but plant species did not. Actinobacteria were only associated with Allomerus spp.
	Address	Biodiversity Genomics Team, Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Mdpi Ag	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	20754450 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Export Date: 18 November 2019; Correspondence Address: Ruiz-González, M.X.; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Ecuador; email: marioxruizgonzalez@gmail.com			Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	896
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	Author	Van Langenhove, L.; Janssens, I.A.; Verryckt, L.; Brechet, L.; Hartley, I.P.; Stahl, C.; Courtois, E.; Urbina, I.; Grau, O.; Sardans, J.; Peguero, G.; Gargallo-Garriga, A.; Peñuelas, J.; Vicca, S.
	Title	Rapid root assimilation of added phosphorus in a lowland tropical rainforest of French Guiana			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Soil Biology and Biochemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Soil Biol. Biochem.
	Volume	140	Issue	107646	Pages
	Keywords	Fertilization; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Plant root simulator probes; Root system; Tropical forest; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus; Plants (botany); Soils; Tropics; Fertilization; Mycorrhizal fungus; N and P fertilizer; P availabilities; Plant root simulators; Root system; Tropical forest; Tropical rain forest; Forestry; Fungi
	Abstract	Tree growth on weathered soils in lowland tropical forests is limited by low phosphorous (P) availability. However, nutrient manupulation experiments do not always increase the P content in these trees, which raises the question whether trees are taking up added P. In French Guianese lowland rainforest, we measured changes in nitrogen (N) and P availability before and up to two months after N and P fertilizer addition, in soils with intact root systems and in soils where roots and mycorrhizal fungi were excluded by root exclusion cylinders. When the root system was excluded, P addition increased P availability to a much greater extent and for a longer time than in soils with an intact root system. Soil N dynamics were unaffected by root presence/absence. These results indicate rapid P uptake, but not N uptake, by tree roots, suggesting a very effective P acquisition process in these lowland rainforests.
	Address	Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	00380717 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Export Date: 19 November 2019; Coden: Sbioa; Correspondence Address: Van Langenhove, L.; Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; email: leandro.vanlangenhove@uantwerpen.be			Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	897
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	Author	Croft, H.; Chen, J.M.; Wang, R.; Mo, G.; Luo, S.; Luo, X.; He, L.; Gonsamo, A.; Arabian, J.; Zhang, Y.; Simic-Milas, A.; Noland, T.L.; He, Y.; Homolová, L.; Malenovský, Z.; Yi, Q.; Beringer, J.; Amiri, R.; Hutley, L.; Arellano, P.; Stahl, C.; Bonal, D.
	Title	The global distribution of leaf chlorophyll content			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Remote Sensing of Environment	Abbreviated Journal	Remote Sens. Environ.
	Volume	236	Issue	111479	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Leaf chlorophyll is central to the exchange of carbon, water and energy between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. This paper presents the first spatially-continuous view of terrestrial leaf chlorophyll content (ChlLeaf) at the global scale. Weekly maps of ChlLeaf were produced from ENVISAT MERIS full resolution (300 m) satellite data using a two-stage physically-based radiative transfer modelling approach. Firstly, leaf-level reflectance was derived from top-of-canopy satellite reflectance observations using 4-Scale and SAIL canopy radiative transfer models for woody and non-woody vegetation, respectively. Secondly, the modelled leaf-level reflectance was input into the PROSPECT leaf-level radiative transfer model to derive ChlLeaf. The ChlLeaf retrieval algorithm was validated using measured ChlLeaf data from 248 sample measurements at 28 field locations, and covering six plant functional types (PFTs). Modelled results show strong relationships with field measurements, particularly for deciduous broadleaf forests (R2 = 0.67; RMSE = 9.25 microg cm-2; p < 0.001), croplands (R2 = 0.41; RMSE = 13.18 microg cm-2; p < 0.001) and evergreen needleleaf forests (R2 = 0.47; RMSE = 10.63 microg cm-2; p < 0.001). When the modelled results from all PFTs were considered together, the overall relationship with measured ChlLeaf remained good (R2 = 0.47, RMSE = 10.79 microg cm-2; p < 0.001). This result is an improvement on the relationship between measured ChlLeaf and a commonly used chlorophyll-sensitive spectral vegetation index; the MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI; R2 = 0.27, p < 0.001). The global maps show large temporal and spatial variability in ChlLeaf, with evergreen broadleaf forests presenting the highest leaf chlorophyll values, with global annual median values of 54.4 microg cm-2. Distinct seasonal ChlLeaf phenologies are also visible, particularly in deciduous plant forms, associated with budburst and crop growth, and leaf senescence. It is anticipated that this global ChlLeaf product will make an important step towards the explicit consideration of leaf-level biochemistry in terrestrial water, energy and carbon cycle modelling.
	Address	UMR EEF, INRA Université de Lorraine, Champenoux54280, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier Inc.	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	00344257 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	898
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	Author	Ghislain, B.; Engel, J.; Clair, B.; Donaldson, L.; Baas, P.
	Title	Diversity of anatomical structure of tension wood among 242 tropical tree species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	IAWA Journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	40	Issue	4	Pages	765-784
	Keywords
	Abstract	Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to actively control their vertical position. Tension wood has often been characterised by the presence of an unlignified inner fibre wall layer called the G-layer. Using this definition, previous reports indicate that only one-third of all tree species have tension wood with G-layers. Here we aim to (i) describe the large diversity of tension wood anatomy in tropical tree species, taking advantage of the recent understanding of tension wood anatomy and (ii) explore any link between this diversity and other ecological traits of the species. We sampled tension wood and normal wood in 432 trees from 242 species in French Guiana. The samples were observed using safranin and astra blue staining combined with optical microscopy. Species were assigned to four anatomical groups depending on the presence/absence of G-layers, and their degree of lignification. The groups were analysed for functional traits including wood density and light preferences. Eighty-six% of the species had G-layers in their tension wood which was lignified in most species, with various patterns of lignification. Only a few species did not have G-layers. We found significantly more species with lignified G-layers among shade-tolerant and shade-demanding species as well as species with a high wood density. Our results bring up-to-date the incidence of species with/without G-layers in the tropical lowland forest where lignified G-layers are the most common anatomy of tension wood. Species without G-layers may share a common mechanism with the bark motor taking over the wood motor. We discuss the functional role of lignin in the G-layer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Brill	Place of Publication	Leiden, The Netherlands	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	903
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	Author	Bréchet, L.; Courtois, E.A.; Saint-Germain, T.; Janssens, I.A.; Asensio, D.; Ramirez-Rojas, I.; Soong, J.L.; Van Langenhove, L.; Verbruggen, E.; Stahl, C.
	Title	Disentangling Drought and Nutrient Effects on Soil Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in a Tropical Forest			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Frontiers in Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Front. Environ. Sci.
	Volume	7	Issue	180	Pages
	Keywords	carbon dioxide; drought; fertilization; methane; nitrogen; phosphorus; soil GHG fluxes; tropical forest
	Abstract	Tropical soils are a major contributor to the balance of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in the atmosphere. Models of tropical GHG fluxes predict that both the frequency of drought events and changes in atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) will significantly affect dynamics of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production and consumption. In this study, we examined the combined effect of a reduction in precipitation and an increase in nutrient availability on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a primary French Guiana tropical forest. Drought conditions were simulated by intercepting precipitation falling through the forest canopy with tarpaulin roofs. Nutrient availability was manipulated through application of granular N and/or phosphorus (P) fertilizer to the soil. Soil water content (SWC) below the roofs decreased rapidly and stayed at continuously low values until roof removal, which as a consequence roughly doubled the duration of the dry season. After roof removal, SWC slowly increased but remained lower than in the control soils even after 2.5 months of wet-season precipitation. We showed that drought-imposed reduction in SWC decreased the CO2 emissions (i.e., CO2 efflux), but strongly increased the CH4 emissions. N, P, and N × P (i.e., NP) additions all significantly increased CO2 emission but had no effect on CH4 fluxes. In treatments where both fertilization and drought were applied, the positive effect of N, P, and NP fertilization on CO2 efflux was reduced. After roof removal, soil CO2 efflux was more resilient in the control plots than in the fertilized plots while there was only a modest effect of roof removal on soil CH4 fluxes. Our results suggest that a combined increase in drought and nutrient availability in soil can locally increase the emissions of both CO2 and CH4 from tropical soils, for a long term.
	Address	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Berkeley, CA, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2296665x (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Export Date: 16 December 2019; Correspondence Address: Bréchet, L.; Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of AntwerpBelgium; email: laeti.brechet@gmail.com			Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	899
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	Author	Ghislain, B.; Alméras, T.; Prunier, J.; Clair, B.
	Title	Contributions of bark and tension wood and role of the G-layer lignification in the gravitropic movements of 21 tropical tree species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Annals of Forest Science	Abbreviated Journal	Ann. Forest Sci.
	Volume	76	Issue	4	Pages	107
	Keywords	Bark; Biomechanics; G-layer; Lignification; Tension wood; Tropical rainforest; Magnoliophyta
	Abstract	Key message: Gravitropic movements in angiosperm woody stems are achieved through the action of bark and/or wood motor, depending on the bark and wood fibre anatomy (with trellis structure or not; with G-layers or not). Bark motor is as efficient as wood motor to recover from tilting in young trees of 21 tropical species. Context: Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to control their orientation through changes in stem curvature. Tension wood is classified into 3 anatomical groups: with unlignified G-layer, with lignified G-layer and without G-layer. Aims: This study aimed at assessing whether this anatomical diversity reflects a diversity in efficiency of gravitropic movement. Methods: The study was conducted on tropical seedling from the three anatomical groups. Seedlings were staked and grown tilted. At the end of the experiment, changes in curvature when releasing the stem from the stake and when removing bark were measured. Three parameters were computed to compare the global efficiency of gravitropism (stem gravitropic efficiency) and the specific efficiency of motor mechanism based on wood (maturation strain of tension wood) and bark (standardized debarking curvature). Results: The maturation strain of tension wood was similar between species with unlignified and lignified G-layer. Species without G-layer exhibited low maturation strain and large debarking curvature, showing they rely on bark for gravitropism. Bark and wood achieved similar motor efficiency. Conclusion: Lignin does not affect the generation of tensile stress in the G-layer. Bark can be as efficient as wood as a motor of gravitropic movements. © 2019, The Author(s).
	Address	Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	12864560 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	EcoFoG @ webmaster @			Serial	900
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