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Verryckt, L.T.; Van Langenhove, L.; Ciais, P.; Courtois, E.A.; Vicca, S.; Peñuelas, J.; Stahl, C.; Coste, S.; Ellsworth, D.S.; Posada, J.M.; Obersteiner, M.; Chave, J.; Janssens, I.A. |
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Title |
Coping with branch excision when measuring leaf net photosynthetic rates in a lowland tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
608-615 |
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Keywords |
branch cutting; canopy physiology; French Guiana; gas exchange; photosynthesis; rainforest; stomatal conductance; ecological modeling; environmental conditions; forest canopy; leaf; measurement method; photosynthesis; tree; tropical forest; Gruidae |
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Abstract |
Measuring leaf gas exchange from canopy leaves is fundamental for our understanding of photosynthesis and for a realistic representation of carbon uptake in vegetation models. Since canopy leaves are often difficult to reach, especially in tropical forests with emergent trees up to 60 m at remote places, canopy access techniques such as canopy cranes or towers have facilitated photosynthetic measurements. These structures are expensive and therefore not very common. As an alternative, branches are often cut to enable leaf gas exchange measurements. The effect of branch excision on leaf gas exchange rates should be minimized and quantified to evaluate possible bias. We compared light-saturated leaf net photosynthetic rates measured on excised and intact branches. We selected branches positioned at three canopy positions, estimated relative to the top of the canopy: upper sunlit foliage, middle canopy foliage, and lower canopy foliage. We studied the variation of the effects of branch excision and transport among branches at these different heights in the canopy. After excision and transport, light-saturated leaf net photosynthetic rates were close to zero for most leaves due to stomatal closure. However, when the branch had acclimated to its new environmental conditions—which took on average 20 min—light-saturated leaf net photosynthetic rates did not significantly differ between the excised and intact branches. We therefore conclude that branch excision does not affect the measurement of light-saturated leaf net photosynthesis, provided that the branch is recut under water and is allowed sufficient time to acclimate to its new environmental conditions. © 2020 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation |
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UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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00063606 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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960 |
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Duplais, Christophe ; Sarou-Kanian, Vincent ; Massiot, Dominique ; Hassan, Alia ; Perrone, Barbara ; Estevez, Yannick ; Wertz, John; Martineau, Estelle ; Farjon, Jonathan ; Giraudeau, Patrick, Moreau, Carrie S. |
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Title |
Gut bacteria are essential for normal cutile development in herbivorous turtle ants |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Nature Communication |
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12 |
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1-6 |
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Across the evolutionary history of insects, the shift from nitrogen-rich carnivore/omnivore diets to nitrogen-poor herbivorous diets was made possible through symbiosis with microbes. The herbivorous turtle ants Cephalotes possess a conserved gut microbiome which enriches the nutrient composition by recycling nitrogen-rich metabolic waste to increase the production of amino acids. This enrichment is assumed to benefit the host, but we do not know to what extent. To gain insights into nitrogen assimilation in the ant cuticle we use gut bacterial manipulation, 15N isotopic enrichment, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to demonstrate that gut bacteria contribute to the formation of proteins, catecholamine cross-linkers, and chitin in the cuticle. This study identifies the cuticular components which are nitrogen-enriched by gut bacteria, highlighting the role of symbionts in insect evolution, and provides a framework for understanding the nitrogen flow from nutrients through bacteria into the insect cuticle. |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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Anglais |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1005 |
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Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Depaepe, Thomas ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Donald, Julian ; Celine, Leroy ; Krishna Moorthy, Sruthi M. ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Farnon Ellwood, M. D.; Verbeeck, Hans ; Van Der Straeten, Dominique ; Penuelas, Josep ; Janssens, Ivan A. |
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Title |
Comparable canapy and soil free living nitrogen fixation rates in e lowland tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Science of the total environment |
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754 |
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Biodiversité ; Systématique ; phylogénie ; taxonomie ; Ecologie, Environnement ; Ecosystèmes ; Biologie végétale ; Botanique ; Biodiversité |
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Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a fundamental part of nitrogen cycling in tropical forests, yet little is known about the contribution made by free-living nitrogen fixers inhabiting the often-extensive forest canopy. We used the acetylene reduction assay, calibrated with 15N2, to measure free-living BNF on forest canopy leaves, vascular epiphytes, bryophytes and canopy soil, as well as on the forest floor in leaf litter and soil. We used a combination of calculated and published component densities to upscale free-living BNF rates to the forest level. We found that bryophytes and leaves situated in the canopy in particular displayed high mass-based rates of free-living BNF. Additionally, we calculated that nearly 2 kg of nitrogen enters the forest ecosystem through free-living BNF every year, 40% of which was fixed by the various canopy components. Our results reveal that in the studied tropical lowland forest a large part of the nitrogen input through free-living BNF stems from the canopy, but also that the total nitrogen inputs by free-living BNF are lower than previously thought and comparable to the inputs of reactive nitrogen by atmospheric deposition. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1006 |
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Talaga, S.; Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Dumont, Y.; Leroy, C. |
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Title |
Impacts of biotic and abiotic parameters on immature populations of Aedes aegypti |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Pest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Pest Sci. |
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Volume |
93 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
941-952 |
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Keywords |
Biocontrol agents; Competition; Ecosystem services; Mosquito control; Mosquito management; Predation; abiotic factor; biotic factor; competitive displacement; disease vector; maturation; mosquito; pest control; Aedes aegypti; Hexapoda; Zika virus |
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In recent centuries, the mosquito Aedes aegypti has spread into most urban areas throughout the tropics. This species is considered the main vector of the chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses and causes major public health issues. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative influence of biotic and abiotic parameters on immature populations of Ae. aegypti. During a one-year-long field experiment, we monitored 108 macroinvertebrate aquatic communities inhabiting four types of water containers across three different urbanized sites in a Neotropical city. A multimodel inference approach revealed that, in addition to abiotic parameters, biotic interactions with aquatic organisms had an important influence on the abundance of Ae. aegypti and that the urbanized site considered influences the outcomes of the interactions. Controphic species other than mosquitoes aided Ae. aegypti development, suggesting a mechanism of facilitation through a chain of processes. However, the abundance of Ae. aegypti was lowered by competition with native mosquito species in the slightly urbanized area and by predation in more urbanized areas. Competitive displacement and reduction, as well as predation by native aquatic organisms, can be considered a form of ecosystem service. The conservation and/or augmentation of natural enemies should improve the short- and long-term success of incompatible and/or sterile insect techniques, thus opening up perspectives for the future of mosquito management. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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University of Pretoria, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Pretoria, South Africa |
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Springer |
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16124758 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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962 |
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Binelli, G.; Montaigne, W.; Sabatier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
4726-4738 |
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allopatric divergence; Amazon; Guiana Shield; interspecific gene flow; Myristicaceae; secondary contact; Virola |
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Phylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the “true” picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology—although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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20457758 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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963 |
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Van Langenhove, L.; Verryckt, L.T.; Bréchet, L.; Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Hofhansl, F.; Bauters, M.; Sardans, J.; Boeckx, P.; Fransen, E.; Peñuelas, J.; Janssens, I.A. |
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Title |
Atmospheric deposition of elements and its relevance for nutrient budgets of tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biogeochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeochemistry |
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149 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-193 |
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Keywords |
Litterfall; Nitrogen; Nutrient cycling; Phosphorus; Potassium; Throughfall; atmospheric deposition; canopy exchange; field method; forest floor; leaching; litterfall; nutrient cycling; phosphorus; potassium; precipitation (climatology); rainforest; tropical forest; French Guiana |
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Atmospheric deposition is an important component of the nutrient cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, but field measurements are especially scarce in tropical regions. In this study we analysed 15 months of precipitation chemistry collected in an old growth tropical forest located in French Guiana. We measured nutrient inputs via bulk precipitation and throughfall and used the canopy budget model to estimate nutrient fluxes via canopy exchange and dry deposition. Based on this method we quantified net fluxes of macronutrients and compared their contribution to internal cycling rates via litterfall. Our results suggest that while atmospheric deposition of nitrogen was relatively high (13 kg ha−1 year−1), and mainly in organic forms, the N inputs via litterfall were an order of magnitude higher. In contrast to nitrogen, we found that atmospheric deposition of phosphorus (0.5 kg ha−1 year−1) supplied up to one third of the annual litterfall input to the forest floor. Most strikingly, combined annual inputs of potassium via atmospheric deposition (14 kg ha−1 year−1) and canopy leaching (22 kg ha−1 year−1) were three times larger than internal nutrient recycling via litterfall (11 kg ha−1 year−1). We conclude that atmospheric deposition of phosphorus and especially potassium may play an important role in sustaining the productivity of this old-growth tropical rainforest. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. |
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StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium |
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Springer |
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01682563 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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964 |
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Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Blanc-Jolivet, C.; Mader, M.; García-Dávila, C.R.; Gomero, D.A.; del Castillo Torres, D.; Llampazo, G.F.; Pizango, G.H.; Sebbenn, A.M.; Meyer-Sand, B.R.V.; Paredes-Villanueva, K.; Tysklind, N.; Troispoux, V.; Massot, M.; Carvalho, C.; de Lima, H.C.; Cardoso, D.; Degen, B. |
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Title |
SNP markers as a successful molecular tool for assessing species identity and geographic origin of trees in the economically important South American legume genus Dipteryx |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Hered. |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
346-356 |
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Cumaru; Genetic assignment; Leguminosae; Timber verification; article; chloroplast; genetic association; genetic marker; geographic origin; indel mutation; nonhuman; single nucleotide polymorphism; species identification; structure analysis; tonka bean; Dipteryx; Fabaceae |
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Dipteryx timber has been heavily exploited in South America since 2000s due to the increasing international demand for hardwood. Developing tools for the genetic identification of Dipteryx species and their geographical origin can help to promote legal trading of timber. A collection of 800 individual trees, belonging to 6 different Dipteryx species, was genotyped based on 171 molecular markers. After the exclusion of markers out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or with no polymorphism or low amplification, 83 nuclear, 29 chloroplast, 13 mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 2 chloroplast and 5 mitochondrial INDELS remained. Six genetic groups were identified using Bayesian Structure analyses of the nuclear SNPs, which corresponded to the different Dipteryx species collected in the field. Seventeen highly informative markers were identified as suitable for species identification and obtained self-assignment success rates to species level of 78-96%. An additional set of 15 molecular markers was selected to determine the different genetic clusters found in Dipteryx odorata and Dipteryx ferrea, obtaining self-assignment success rates of 91-100%. The success to assign samples to the correct country of origin using all or only the informative markers improved when using the nearest neighbor approach (69-92%) compared to the Bayesian approach (33-80%). While nuclear and chloroplast SNPs were more suitable for differentiating the different Dipteryx species, mitochondrial SNPs were ideal for determining the genetic clusters of D. odorata and D. ferrea. These 32 selected SNPs will be invaluable genetic tools for the accurate identification of species and country of origin of Dipteryx timber. © The American Genetic Association 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com |
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Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s.n., Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil |
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Oxford University Press |
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00221503 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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965 |
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Levionnois, Sébastien ; Ziegler, Camille ; Heuret, Patrick ; Jansen, Steven ; Stahl, Clément ; Calvet, Emma ; Goret, Jean-Yves ; Bonal, Damien ; Coste, Sabrina |
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Is vulnerability segmentation at the leaf‑stem transition a drought resistance mechanism? A theoretical test with a trait‑based model for Neotropical canopy tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
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78 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
78-87 |
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Neotropics, bark, canopy, capacitance, drought, drought tolerance, embolism, leaves, models, transpiration, trees, tropical rain forests, xylem |
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Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stem. However, although it has been intensively investigated these past decades, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. Based on a trait-based model, this study theoretically supports that vulnerability segmentation enhances shoot desiccation time across 18 Neotropical tree species. CONTEXT: Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stems thereby preserving expensive organs such as branches or the trunk. Although vulnerability segmentation has been intensively investigated these past decades to test its consistency across species, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. AIMS: We investigated the theoretical impact of the degree of vulnerability segmentation on shoot desiccation time estimated with a simple trait-based model. METHODS: We combined data from 18 tropical rainforest canopy tree species on embolism resistance of stem xylem (flow-centrifugation technique) and leaves (optical visualisation method). Measured water loss under minimum leaf and bark conductance, leaf and stem capacitance, and leaf-to-bark area ratio allowed us to calculate a theoretical shoot desiccation time (tcᵣᵢₜ). RESULTS: Large degrees of vulnerability segmentation strongly enhanced the theoretical shoot desiccation time, suggesting vulnerability segmentation to be an efficient drought resistance mechanism for half of the studied species. The difference between leaf and bark area, rather than the minimum leaf and bark conductance, determined the drastic reduction of total transpiration by segmentation during severe drought. CONCLUSION: Our study strongly suggests that vulnerability segmentation is an important drought resistance mechanism that should be better taken into account when investigating plant drought resistance and modelling vegetation. We discuss future directions for improving model assumptions with empirical measures, such as changes in total shoot transpiration after leaf xylem embolism. |
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Springer Link |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1034 |
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Barr, Cheryl B. ; Cerdan, Axel ; Clavier, Simon ; Murienne, Jérôme |
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Amazonopsis cerdani (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Species of RiffleBeetle from French Guiana with Habitat Observations |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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The Coleopterists Bulletin |
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75 |
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2 |
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427-439 |
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A third species of Amazonopsis , Amazonopsis cerdani Barr and Cerdan, new species (Coleoptera: Elmidae), is herein described from French Guiana. One female paratype of Amazonopsis theranyi Barr from Peru is tentatively reassigned to A. cerdani as a non-paratype. Photographic images of the male and female habitus, and the male genitalia, are provided, as is a distribution map and a key to the species. Amazonopsis cerdani differs from A. theranyi from Peru and Amazonopsis camachoi Barr from Venezuela by the presence of prominent spines on protarsomeres 1–4 of males, among other characters. The habitat of this species is small, shallow, lowland streams with sandy-silty substrates and low flow. Specimens were collected from unconsolidated leaf litter in depositional areas, and from stick and leaf packs lodged in the current. Genetic analysis conducted on three specimens from two localities, a male and two females, showed that they are conspecific. |
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BioOne |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1035 |
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Lormée, Hervé ; Berzins, Rachel ; Rocheteau, Vincent ; De Coster, Fran ; Denis, Thomas ; Richard-Hanssen, Cécile |
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Seasonal Variation in the Home Ranges of Black Curassow, Crax alector, in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Tropical Conservation Science |
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14 |
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1 |
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1-10 |
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spatial ecology, Cracids, tracking, Kernel method, Home range, movement pattern |
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Abstract |
Cracidae is the most threatened avian family in the Neotropics, mainly because of habitat destruction, heavy hunting pressure and poaching. In French Guiana, Black Curassows are heavily hunted, although basic knowledge of the ecological and demographical traits of the species remains limited. Such a gap prevents any attempt to assess the impact of hunting and to help stakeholders to develop proposals ensuring hunting sustainability. The spatial relationship between animals and their habitat is important for conservation management, being related to population densities through complex patterns. Here, we report on a radio-tracking study of Black Curassows in tropical primary rainforest, in Nouragues National Reserve, French Guiana. The aims of the study were to estimate home range size and its variation across seasons, and to quantify movement patterns of the birds. We captured and fitted VHF tags to four adults, and tracked them for 10 to 21.5 months. Daily movements were recorded, and home ranges estimated using the Kernel Density method, for two consecutive wet seasons and one dry season. Using 95% and 50% Kernel densities, the average annual home range and core area were 96.3± 32.6 ha (SE) and 22.8 ± 2.8 ha respectively. Home ranges appeared spatially stable over the two years, and overlapped between neighbouring groups. During the dry season, Black Curassows did not migrate but tended to enlarge their home range, with greater daily movements and higher home range overlap. Although additional data are still needed, our results can help to improve the knowledge and management of this poorly studied species |
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SAGE |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1036 |
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