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Carrias, J.-F.; Gerphagnon, M.; Rodríguez-Pérez, H.; Borrel, G.; Loiseau, C.; Corbara, B.; Céréghino, R.; Mary, I.; Leroy, C. |
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Title |
Resource availability drives bacterial succession during leaf-litter decomposition in a bromeliad ecosystem |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
FEMS microbiology ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. |
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96 |
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4 |
Pages |
fiaa045 |
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16S rRNA gene; amplicon sequencing; bacterial diversity; community ecology; decomposition; ecological succession |
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Despite the growing number of investigations on microbial succession during the last decade, most of our knowledge on primary succession of bacteria in natural environments comes from conceptual models and/or studies of chronosequences. Successional patterns of litter-degrading bacteria remain poorly documented, especially in undisturbed environments. Here we conducted an experiment with tank bromeliads as natural freshwater microcosms to assess major trends in bacterial succession on two leaf-litter species incubated with or without animal exclusion. We used amplicon sequencing and a co-occurrence network to assess changes in bacterial community structure according to treatments. Alpha-diversity and community complexity displayed the same trends regardless of the treatments, highlighting that primary succession of detrital-bacteria is subject to resource limitation and biological interactions, much like macro-organisms. Shifts in bacterial assemblages along the succession were characterized by an increase in uncharacterized taxa and potential N-fixing bacteria, the latter being involved in positive co-occurrence between taxa. These findings support the hypothesis of interdependence between taxa as a significant niche-based process shaping bacterial communities during the advanced stage of succession. © FEMS 2020. |
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AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
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NLM (Medline) |
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15746941 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 14 April 2020 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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926 |
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Touchard, A.; Aili, S.R.; Téné, N.; Barassé, V.; Klopp, C.; Dejean, A.; Kini, R.M.; Mrinalini; Coquet, L.; Jouenne, T.; Lefranc, B.; Leprince, J.; Escoubas, P.; Nicholson, G.M.; Treilhou, M.; Bonnafé, E. |
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Venom Peptide Repertoire of the European Myrmicine Ant Manica rubida: Identification of Insecticidal Toxins |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of proteome research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Proteome Res. |
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19 |
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4 |
Pages |
1800-1811 |
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glycosylated toxin; peptidome; polycationic α-helix; predation; pyroglutamate; reversible neurotoxicity |
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Using an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach, we characterized the venom peptidome of the European red ant, Manica rubida. We identified 13 “myrmicitoxins” that share sequence similarities with previously identified ant venom peptides, one of them being identified as an EGF-like toxin likely resulting from a threonine residue modified by O-fucosylation. Furthermore, we conducted insecticidal assays of reversed-phase HPLC venom fractions on the blowfly Lucilia caesar, permitting us to identify six myrmicitoxins (i.e., U3-, U10-, U13-, U20-MYRTX-Mri1a, U10-MYRTX-Mri1b, and U10-MYRTX-Mri1c) with an insecticidal activity. Chemically synthesized U10-MYRTX-Mri1a, -Mri1b, -Mri1c, and U20-MYRTX-Mri1a irreversibly paralyzed blowflies at the highest doses tested (30-125 nmol·g-1). U13-MYRTX-Mri1a, the most potent neurotoxic peptide at 1 h, had reversible effects after 24 h (150 nmol·g-1). Finally, U3-MYRTX-Mri1a has no insecticidal activity, even at up to 55 nmol·g-1. Thus, M. rubida employs a paralytic venom rich in linear insecticidal peptides, which likely act by disrupting cell membranes. |
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VenomeTech, 473 Route des Dolines – Villa 3, Valbonne, 06560, France |
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NLM (Medline) |
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15353907 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 April 2020 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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927 |
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Heuertz, M.; Caron, H.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Pétronelli, P.; Engel, J.; Tysklind, N.; Miloudi, S.; Gaiotto, F.A.; Chave, J.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Loureiro, J.; Budde, K.B. |
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The hyperdominant tropical tree Eschweilera coriacea (Lecythidaceae) shows higher genetic heterogeneity than sympatric Eschweilera species in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Plant Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Ecol. Evol. |
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153 |
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1 |
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67-81 |
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Cryptic species; Eschweilera; Hyperdominant tropical trees; Microsatellites; Species complex; Species delimitation |
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Background and aims – The evolutionary history of Amazonia’s hyperabundant tropical tree species, also known as “hyperdominant” species, remains poorly investigated. We assessed whether the hyperdominant Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A.Mori (Lecythidaceae) represents a single genetically cohesive species, and how its genetic constitution relates to other species from the same clade with which it occurs sympatrically in French Guiana. Methods – We sampled 152 individuals in nine forest sites in French Guiana, representing 11 species of the genus Eschweilera all belonging to the Parvifolia clade, with emphasis on E. coriacea. Samples were genotyped at four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We delimited gene pools, i.e., genetically coherent putative taxa, using STRUCTURE software and principal component analysis. We compared the genetic assignment of individuals with their morphological species determination and estimated genetic diversity and differentiation for gene pools and species. We also estimated genome size using flow cytometry. Key results – SSR profiles commonly displayed up to four alleles per genotype, suggesting that the investigated Eschweilera species bear a paleopolyploid signature. Flow cytometry suggested that the studied species are diploid with haploid genome sizes of 871–1046 Mbp. We detected five gene pools and observed a good correspondence between morphological and genetic delimitation for Eschweilera sagotiana Miers and the undescribed morphospecies E. sp. 3 (which resembles E. grandiflora (Aubl.) Sandwith), and to a lesser extent for E. decolorans Sandwith and E. micrantha (O.Berg) Miers. Eschweilera coriacea was the most genetically diverse species and included individuals assigned to each gene pool. Conclusions – We found no conclusive evidence for cryptic species within E. coriacea in French Guiana. SSRs detected fewer gene pools than expected based on morphology in the Parvifolia clade but discriminated evolutionary relationships better than available plastid markers. A positive trend between demographic abundance of species and allelic richness illustrates that hyperdominants may have a high evolutionary potential. This hypothesis can be tested using more powerful genomic data in combination with tree phenotypic trait variation and characterization of niche breadth, to enhance our understanding of the causes of hyperdominance in Amazonian trees. |
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University of Copenhagen, Forest, Nature and Biomass, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark |
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Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique |
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20323913 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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928 |
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Gargallo-Garriga, A.; Sardans, J.; Granda, V.; Llusià, J.; Peguero, G.; Asensio, D.; Ogaya, R.; Urbina, I.; Van Langenhove, L.; Verryckt, L.T.; Chave, J.; Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Grau, O.; Klem, K.; Urban, O.; Janssens, I.A.; Peñuelas, J. |
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Different “metabolomic niches” of the highly diverse tree species of the French Guiana rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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10 |
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6937 |
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article; ecological niche; French Guiana; metabolome; plant leaf; rainy season; reproduction; stress; tropical rain forest |
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Tropical rainforests harbor a particularly high plant diversity. We hypothesize that potential causes underlying this high diversity should be linked to distinct overall functionality (defense and growth allocation, anti-stress mechanisms, reproduction) among the different sympatric taxa. In this study we tested the hypothesis of the existence of a metabolomic niche related to a species-specific differential use and allocation of metabolites. We tested this hypothesis by comparing leaf metabolomic profiles of 54 species in two rainforests of French Guiana. Species identity explained most of the variation in the metabolome, with a species-specific metabolomic profile across dry and wet seasons. In addition to this “homeostatic” species-specific metabolomic profile significantly linked to phylogenetic distances, also part of the variance (flexibility) of the metabolomic profile was explained by season within a single species. Our results support the hypothesis of the high diversity in tropical forest being related to a species-specific metabolomic niche and highlight ecometabolomics as a tool to identify this species functional diversity related and consistent with the ecological niche theory. © 2020, The Author(s). |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France |
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Nature Research |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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930 |
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Levionnois, S.; Tysklind, N.; Nicolini, E.; Ferry, B.; Troispoux, V.; Le Moguedec, G.; Morel, H.; Stahl, C.; Coste, S.; Caron, H.; Heuret, P. |
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Soil variation response is mediated by growth trajectories rather than functional traits in a widespread pioneer Neotropical tree |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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bioRxiv, peer-reviewed by Peer Community in Ecology |
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351197 |
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v4 |
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Trait-environment relationships have been described at the community level across tree species. However, whether interspecific trait-environment relationships are consistent at the intraspecific level is yet unknown. Moreover, we do not know how consistent is the response between organ vs. whole-tree level.We examined phenotypic variability for 16 functional leaf (dimensions, nutrient, chlorophyll) and wood traits (density) across two soil types, Ferralitic Soil (FS) vs. White Sands (WS), on two sites for 70 adult trees of Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae) in French Guiana. Cecropia is a widespread pioneer Neotropical genus that generally dominates early successional forest stages. To understand how soil types impact resource-use through the processes of growth and branching, we examined the architectural development with a retrospective analysis of growth trajectories. We expect soil types to affect both, functional traits in relation to resource acquisition strategy as already described at the interspecific level, and growth strategies due to resource limitations with reduced growth on poor soils.Functional traits were not involved in the soil response, as only two traits-leaf residual water content and K content-showed significant differences across soil types. Soil effects were stronger on growth trajectories, with WS trees having the slowest growth trajectories and less numerous branches across their lifespan.The analysis of growth trajectories based on architectural analysis improved our ability to characterise the response of trees with soil types. The intraspecific variability is higher for growth trajectories than functional traits for C. obtusa, revealing the complementarity of the architectural approach with the functional approach to gain insights on the way trees manage their resources over their lifetime. Soil-related responses of Cecropia functional traits are not the same as those at the interspecific level, suggesting that the effects of the acting ecological processes are different between the two levels. Apart from soil differences, much variation was found across sites, which calls for further investigation of the factors shaping growth trajectories in tropical forests. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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931 |
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Sullivan, M.J.P.; Lewis, S.L.; Affum-Baffoe, K.; Castilho, C.; Costa, F.; Sanchez, A.C.; Ewango, C.E.N.; Hubau, W.; Marimon, B.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Qie, L.; Sonké, B.; Martinez, R.V.; Baker, T.R.; Brienen, R.J.W.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Galbraith, D.; Gloor, M.; Malhi, Y.; Aiba, S.-I.; Alexiades, M.N.; Almeida, E.C.; de Oliveira, E.A.; Dávila, E.Á.; Loayza, P.A.; Andrade, A.; Vieira, S.A.; Aragão, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Arroyo, L.; Ashton, P.; Aymard C., G.; Baccaro, F.B.; Banin, L.F.; Baraloto, C.; Camargo, P.B.; Barlow, J.; Barroso, J.; Bastin, J.-F.; Batterman, S.A.; Beeckman, H.; Begne, S.K.; Bennett, A.C.; Berenguer, E.; Berry, N.; Blanc, L.; Boeckx, P.; Bogaert, J.; Bonal, D.; Bongers, F.; Bradford, M.; Brearley, F.Q.; Brncic, T.; Brown, F.; Burban, B.; Camargo, J.L.; Castro, W.; Céron, C.; Ribeiro, S.C.; Moscoso, V.C.; Chave, J.; Chezeaux, E.; Clark, C.J.; de Souza, F.C.; Collins, M.; Comiskey, J.A.; Valverde, F.C.; Medina, M.C.; da Costa, L.; Dančák, M.; Dargie, G.C.; Davies, S.; Cardozo, N.D.; de Haulleville, T.; de Medeiros, M.B.; del Aguila Pasquel, J.; Derroire, G.; Di Fiore, A.; Doucet, J.-L.; Dourdain, A.; Droissant, V.; Duque, L.F.; Ekoungoulou, R.; Elias, F.; Erwin, T.; Esquivel-Muelbert, A.; Fauset, S.; Ferreira, J.; Llampazo, G.F.; Foli, E.; Ford, A.; Gilpin, M.; Hall, J.S.; Hamer, K.C.; Hamilton, A.C.; Harris, D.J.; Hart, T.B.; Hédl, R.; Herault, B.; Herrera, R.; Higuchi, N.; Hladik, A.; Coronado, E.H.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Huasco, W.H.; Jeffery, K.J.; Jimenez-Rojas, E.; Kalamandeen, M.; Djuikouo, M.N.K.; Kearsley, E.; Umetsu, R.K.; Kho, L.K.; Killeen, T.; Kitayama, K.; Klitgaard, B.; Koch, A.; Labrière, N.; Laurance, W.; Laurance, S.; Leal, M.E.; Levesley, A.; Lima, A.J.N.; Lisingo, J.; Lopes, A.P.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Lovejoy, T.; Lovett, J.C.; Lowe, R.; Magnusson, W.E.; Malumbres-Olarte, J.; Manzatto, Â.G.; Marimon, B.H.; Marshall, A.R.; Marthews, T.; de Almeida Reis, S.M.; Maycock, C.; Melgaço, K.; Mendoza, C.; Metali, F.; Mihindou, V.; Milliken, W.; Mitchard, E.T.A.; Morandi, P.S.; Mossman, H.L.; Nagy, L.; Nascimento, H.; Neill, D.; Nilus, R.; Vargas, P.N.; Palacios, W.; Camacho, N.P.; Peacock, J.; Pendry, C.; Peñuela Mora, M.C.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pipoly, J.; Pitman, N.; Playfair, M.; Poorter, L.; Poulsen, J.R.; Poulsen, A.D.; Preziosi, R.; Prieto, A.; Primack, R.B.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Reitsma, J.; Réjou-Méchain, M.; Correa, Z.R.; de Sousa, T.R.; Bayona, L.R.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Rutishauser, E.; Abu Salim, K.; Salomão, R.P.; Schietti, J.; Sheil, D.; Silva, R.C.; Espejo, J.S.; Valeria, C.S.; Silveira, M.; Simo-Droissart, M.; Simon, M.F.; Singh, J.; Soto Shareva, Y.C.; Stahl, C.; Stropp, J.; Sukri, R.; Sunderland, T.; Svátek, M.; Swaine, M.D.; Swamy, V.; Taedoumg, H.; Talbot, J.; Taplin, J.; Taylor, D.; ter Steege, H.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas, R.; Thomas, S.C.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Umunay, P.; Gamarra, L.V.; van der Heijden, G.; van der Hout, P.; van der Meer, P.; van Nieuwstadt, M.; Verbeeck, H.; Vernimmen, R.; Vicentini, A.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Torre, E.V.; Vleminckx, J.; Vos, V.; Wang, O.; White, L.J.T.; Willcock, S.; Woods, J.T.; Wortel, V.; Young, K.; Zagt, R.; Zemagho, L.; Zuidema, P.A.; Zwerts, J.A.; Phillips, O.L. |
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Title |
Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Science |
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Volume |
368 |
Issue |
6493 |
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869-874 |
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A key uncertainty in climate change models is the thermal sensitivity of tropical forests and how this value might influence carbon fluxes. Sullivan et al. measured carbon stocks and fluxes in permanent forest plots distributed globally. This synthesis of plot networks across climatic and biogeographic gradients shows that forest thermal sensitivity is dominated by high daytime temperatures. This extreme condition depresses growth rates and shortens the time that carbon resides in the ecosystem by killing trees under hot, dry conditions. The effect of temperature is worse above 32°C, and a greater magnitude of climate change thus risks greater loss of tropical forest carbon stocks. Nevertheless, forest carbon stocks are likely to remain higher under moderate climate change if they are protected from direct impacts such as clearance, logging, or fires.Science, this issue p. 869The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Cecilia Blundo ; Julieta Carilla ; Ricardo Grau ; Agustina Malizia ; Lucio Malizia ; Oriana Osinaga-Acosta ; Michael Bird ; Bradford, Matt ; Damien Catchpole ; Andrew Ford ; Andrew Graham ; David Hilbert ; Jeanette Kemp ; Susan Laurance ; William Laurance ; Francoise Yoko Ishida ; Andrew Marshall ; Catherine Waite ; Hannsjoerg Woell ; Jean-Francois Bastin ; Marijn Bauters ; Hans Beeckman ; Pfascal Boeckx ; Jan Bogaert ; Charles De Canniere ; Thales de Haulleville ; Jean-Louis Doucet ; Olivier Hardy ; Wannes Hubau ; Elizabeth Kearsley ; Hans Verbeeck ; Jason Vleminckx ; Steven W. Brewer ; Alfredo Alarc´on ; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami ; Eric Arets ; Luzmila Arroyo ; Ezequiel Chavez ; Todd Fredericksen ; Ren´e Guill´en Villaroel ; Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty ; Timothy Killeen ; Juan Carlos Licona ; John Lleigue ; Casimiro Mendoza ; Samaria Murakami ; Alexander Parada Gutierrez ; Guido Pardo ; Marielos Pena-Claros ; Lourens Poorter ; Marisol Toledo ; Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo ; Laura Jessica Viscarra ; Vincent Vos ; Jorge Ahumada ; Everton Almeida ; Jarcilene Almeida aq, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira ; Wesley Alves da Cruz ; Atila Alves de Oliveira ; Fabrício Alvim Carvalho ; Flavio Amorim Obermuller ; Ana Andrade ; Fernanda Antunes Carvalho ; Simone Aparecida Vieira ; Ana Carla Aquino ; Luiz Aragao ; Ana Claudia Araújo ; Marco Antonio Assis ; Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes ; Fabrício Baccaro ; Plínio Barbosa de Camargo ; Paulo Barni ; Jorcely Barroso ; Luis Carlos Bernacci ; Kauane Bordin ; Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros ; Igor Broggio ; Jose Luís Camargo ; Domingos Cardoso ; Maria Antonia Carniello ; Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle ; Carolina Castilho ; Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro ; Wendeson Castro ; Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro ; Flavia Costa ; Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira ; Italo Coutinho ; John Cunha ; Lola da Costa ; Lucia da Costa Ferreira ; Richarlly da Costa Silva ; Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine ; Vitor de Andrade Kamimura ; Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima ; Lia de Oliveira Melo ; Luciano de Queiroz ; Jose Romualdo de Sousa Lima ; Mario do Espírito Santo ; Tomas Domingues ; Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes ; Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro ; Fernando Elias ; Gabriel Eliseu ; Thaise Emilio ; Camila Laís Farrapo ; Letícia Fernandes ; Gustavo Ferreira ; Joice Ferreira ; Leandro Ferreira ; Socorro Ferreira ; Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ; Maria Aparecida Freitas ; Queila S. García ; Angelo Gilberto Manzatto ; Paulo Graça ; Frederico Guilherme ; Eduardo Hase ; Niro Higuchi ; Mariana Iguatemy ; Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa ; Margarita Jaramillo |
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Title |
Taking the pulse of Earth’s tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
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260 |
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parcelle, forêt tropicale, biodiversité forestière, Écosystème forestier, Écologie forestière, Changement de couvert végétal, Couvert forestier |
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Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1021 |
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Bréchet, Laëtitia M.; Daniel Warren; Stahl, Clément; Burban, Benoït; Goret, Jean-Yves; Salomon, Roberto L.; Janssens, Ivan A.o |
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Simultaéneous tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) flux measurements: a novel design for continuous monitoring towards improving flux estimates and temporal resolution |
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2021 |
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New Phytologist |
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230 |
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6 |
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2487-2500 |
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système de chambre automatisé ; efflux de dioxyde de carbone ; flux de méthane ; flux d'oxyde nitreux ; tige d'arbre ; forêt tropicale |
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Tree stems and soils can act as sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since both uptake and emission capacities can be large, especially in tropical rainforests, accurate assessments of the magnitudes and temporal variations of stem and soil GHG fluxes are required. We designed a new flexible stem chamber system for continuously measuring GHG fluxes in a French Guianese rainforest. Here, we describe this new system, which is connected to an automated soil GHG flux system, and discuss measurement uncertainty and potential error sources. In line with findings for soil GHG flux estimates, we demonstrated that lengthening the stem chamber closure time was required for accurate estimates of tree stem CH4 and N2O flux but not tree stem CO2 flux. The instrumented stem was a net source of CO2 and CH4 and a weak sink of N2O. Our experimental setup operated successfully in situ and provided continuous tree and soil GHG measurements at a high temporal resolution over an 11-month period. This automated system is a major step forward in the measurement of GHG fluxes in stems and the atmosphere concurrently with soil GHG fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems. |
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New Phytologist Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1004 |
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Duplais, C.; Papon, N.; Courdavault, V. |
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Tracking the Origin and Evolution of Plant Metabolites |
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2020 |
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Trends in Plant Science |
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Trends Plant Sci. |
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25 |
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12 |
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1182-1184 |
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enzyme evolution; iridoids; Lamiaceae; nepetalactone; plant metabolites |
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Iridoids are monoterpenes that are produced by various plants as chemical defense molecules. Lichman et al. recently described the timeline of molecular events that underpin the re-emergence of iridoid biosynthesis in an independent lineage of aromatic plants (catnip). This study represents a benchmark for studying enzyme and metabolite evolution in different clades across the tree of life. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd |
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Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV) EA 2106, Université de Tours, Tours, France |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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13601385 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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937 |
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Solander, K.C.; Newman, B.D.; Carioca De Araujo, A.; Barnard, H.R.; Berry, Z.C.; Bonal, D.; Bretfeld, M.; Burban, B.; Candido, L.A.; Célleri, R.; Chambers, J.Q.; Christoffersen, B.O.; Detto, M.; Dorigo, W.A.; Ewers, B.E.; Ferreira, S.J.F.; Knohl, A.; Leung, L.R.; McDowell, N.G.; Miller, G.R.; Monteiro, M.T.F.; Moore, G.W.; Negron-Juarez, R.; Saleska, S.R.; Stiegler, C.; Tomasella, J.; Xu, C. |
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The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño |
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2020 |
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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
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Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |
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24 |
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5 |
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2303-2322 |
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Cluster analysis; Oceanography; Soil moisture; Surface waters; Tropics; Climate anomalies; Clustered datum; Hydrologic changes; Land data assimilation systems; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Situ soil moistures; Tropical hydrologies; Tropical Pacific ocean; Soil surveys |
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The 2015–2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997–1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015–2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25∘) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982–1983, 1997–1998 and 2015–2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2=0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales. |
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Coordination of Research and Development, National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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10275606 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 29 May 2020; Correspondence Address: Solander, K.C.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National LaboratoryUnited States; email: ksolander@lanl.gov |
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934 |
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