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Hénaut, Y.; Corbara, B.; Pélozuelo, L.; Azémar, F.; Céréghino, R.; Herault, B.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
A tank bromeliad favors spider presence in a neotropical inundated forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
12 |
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e114592 |
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Tank bromeliads are good models for understanding how climate change may affect biotic associations. We studied the relationships between spiders, the epiphytic tank bromeliad, Aechmea bracteata, and its associated ants in an inundated forest in Quintana Roo, Mexico, during a drought period while, exceptionally, this forest was dry and then during the flooding that followed. We compared spider abundance and diversity between “Aechmea-areas” and “control areas” of the same surface area. We recorded six spider families: the Dipluridae, Ctenidae, Salticidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae among which the funnel-web tarantula, Ischnothele caudata, the only Dipluridae noted, was the most abundant. During the drought period, the spiders were more numerous in the Aechmea areas than in the control areas, but they were not obligatorily associated with the Aechmea.
During the subsequent flooding, the spiders were concentrated in the A. bracteata patches, particularly those sheltering an ant colony. Also, a kind of specificity existed between certain spider taxa and ant species, but varied between the drought period and subsequent flooding. We conclude that climatic events modulate the relationship between A. bracteata patches and their associated fauna. Tank bromeliads, previously considered only for their ecological importance in supplying food and water during drought, may also be considered refuges for spiders during flooding. More generally, tank bromeliads have an important role in preserving non-specialized fauna in inundated forests. |
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Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus AgronomiqueKourou, France |
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Export Date: 23 December 2014 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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573 |
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Turcotte, M.M.; Thomsen, C.J.M.; Broadhead, G.T.; Fine, P.V.A.; Godfrey, R.M.; Lamarre, G.P.A.; Meyer, S.T.; Richards, L.A.; Johnson, M.T.J. |
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Title |
Percentage leaf herbivory across vascular plant species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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95 |
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3 |
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788-788 |
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Herbivory is viewed as a major driver of plant evolution and the most important energy pathway from plants to higher trophic levels. Therefore, understanding patterns of herbivory on plants remains a key focus in evolution and ecology. The evolutionary impacts of leaf herbivory include altering plant fitness, local adaptation, the evolution of defenses, and the diversification of plants as well as natural enemies. Leaf herbivory also impacts ecological processes such as plant productivity, community composition, and ecosystem nutrient cycling. Understanding the impact of herbivory on these ecological and evolutionary processes requires species-specific, as opposed to community-level, measures of herbivory. In addition, species-specific data enables the use of modern comparative methods to account for phylogenetic non-independence. Although hundreds of studies have measured natural rates of leaf consumption, we are unaware of any accessible compilation of these data. We created such a data set to provide the raw data needed to test general hypotheses relating to plant?herbivore interactions and to test the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on herbivory rates across large spatial scales. A large repository will make this endeavor more efficient and robust. In total, we compiled 2641 population-level measures for either annual or daily rates of leaf herbivory across 1145 species of vascular plants collected from 189 studies. All damage measures represent natural occurrences of herbivory that span numerous angiosperm, gymnosperm, and fern species. To enable researchers to explore the causes of variation in herbivory and how these might interact, we added information about the study sites including: geolocation, climate classification, habitat descriptions (e.g., seashore, grassland, forest, agricultural fields), and plant trait information concerning growth form and duration (e.g., annual vs. perennial). We also included extensive details of the methodology used to measure leaf damage, including seasons and months of sampling, age of leaves, and the method used to estimate percentage area missing. We anticipate that these data will make it possible to test important hypotheses in the plant?herbivore literature, including the plant apparency hypothesis, the latitudinal-herbivory defense hypothesis, the resource availability hypothesis, and the macroevolutionary escalation of defense hypothesis. |
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Ecological Society of America |
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0012-9658 |
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doi: 10.1890/13-1741.1 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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575 |
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Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Roux, O. |
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Title |
An invasive ant species able to counterattack marabunta raids |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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337 |
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7-8 |
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475-479 |
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Antipredation; Army ants; Colony mate recognition; Eciton; Pheidole; aggression; ant; article; bioassay; Eciton burchellii; Eciton hamatum; emulsion; insect society; mass fragmentography; Neotropics; nonhuman; Pheidole megacephala |
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In the Neotropics where it was introduced, the invasive ant Pheidole megacephala counterattacked raids by the army ants Eciton burchellii or E. hamatum. The Eciton workers that returned to their bivouac were attacked and spread-eagled and most of them killed by their outgoing colony mates. Little by little the zone where returning and outgoing Eciton workers encountered one another moved away from the Pheidole nest which was no longer attacked, so that most of the colony was spared. Using a water-based technique rounded out by bioassays, we show that Pheidole compounds were transferred onto the Eciton cuticle during the counterattacks, so that outgoing workers do not recognize returning colony mates, likely perceived as potential prey. Because P. megacephala is an introduced African species, this kind of protection, which cannot be the result of coevolutive processes, corresponds to a kind of by-product due to its aggressiveness during colony defence. © 2014 Académie des sciences. |
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IRD, MIVEGEC (IRD 224 CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2) Équipe BEES, 911, avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France |
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Elsevier Masson SAS |
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17683238 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 September 2014; Coden: Crboc; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS UMR 8172, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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557 |
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Leguet, A.; Gibernau, M.; Shintu, L.; Caldarelli, S.; Moja, S.; Baudino, S.; Caissard, J.-C. |
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Evidence for early intracellular accumulation of volatile compounds during spadix development in Arum italicum L. and preliminary data on some tropical Aroids |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
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101 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
623-635 |
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Araceae; Cytochemistry; Gas chromatography; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Volatile compounds |
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Staining and histochemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed at different inflorescence developmental stages on nine aroid species; one temperate, Arum italicum and eight tropical from the genera Caladium, Dieffenbachia and Philodendron. Moreover, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs constituting the scent of A. italicum, depending on the stage of development of inflorescences was also conducted. In all nine species, vesicles were observed in the conical cells of either the appendix or the stamens (thecae) and the staminodes. VOCs were localised in intracellular vesicles from the early stages of inflorescence development until their release during receptivity of gynoecium. This localisation was observed by the increase of both number and diameter of the vesicles during 1 week before receptivity. Afterwards, vesicles were fewer and smaller but rarely absent. In A. italicum, staining and gas chromatography analyses confirmed that the vesicles contained terpenes. The quantitatively most important ones were the sesquiterpenes, but monoterpenes were not negligible. Indeed, the quantities of terpenes matched the vesicles' size evolution during 1 week. Furthermore, VOCs from different biosynthetic pathways (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) were at their maximum quantity 2 days before gynoecium receptivity (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) or during receptivity (isobutylamine, monoterpenes, skatole and p-cresol). VOCs seemed to be emitted during gynoecium receptivity and/or during thermogenesis, and FADs are accumulated after thermogenesis in the spadix. These complex dynamics of the different VOCs could indicate specialisation of some VOCs and cell machinery to attract pollinators on the one hand and to repulse/protect against phytophagous organisms and pathogens after pollination on the other hand. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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CNRS, UMR-6134 SPE, 20000 Ajaccio, France |
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Springer Verlag |
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00281042 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 September 2014; Coden: Natwa; Correspondence Address: Gibernau, M.; CNRS, UMR-6134 SPE, 20000 Ajaccio, France; email: gibernau@univ-corse.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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558 |
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Malé, P.-J.G.; Bardon, L.; Besnard, G.; Coissac, E.; Delsuc, F.; Engel, J.; Lhuillier, E.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Tinaut, A.; Chave, J. |
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Genome skimming by shotgun sequencing helps resolve the phylogeny of a pantropical tree family |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology Resources |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. Resour. |
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14 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
966-975 |
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Next-generation sequencing; Organellar genome; Phylogenomics; Tropical trees |
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Whole genome sequencing is helping generate robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a range of taxonomic groups that were previously recalcitrant to classical molecular phylogenetic approaches. As a case study, we performed a shallow shotgun sequencing of eight species in the tropical tree family Chrysobalanaceae to retrieve large fragments of high-copy number DNA regions and test the potential of these regions for phylogeny reconstruction. We were able to assemble the nuclear ribosomal cluster (nrDNA), the complete plastid genome (ptDNA) and a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) with approximately 1000×, 450× and 120× sequencing depth respectively. The phylogenetic tree obtained with ptDNA resolved five of the seven internal nodes. In contrast, the tree obtained with mtDNA and nrDNA data were largely unresolved. This study demonstrates that genome skimming is a cost-effective approach and shows potential in plant molecular systematics within Chrysobalanaceae and other under-studied groups. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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17550998 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 September 2014; Correspondence Address: Malé, P.-J.G.; UMR 5174 Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, F-31062, France; email: pjg.male@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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559 |
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Carrias, J.-F.; Céréghino, R.; Brouard, O.; Pélozuelo, L.; Dejean, A.; Couté, A.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C. |
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Two coexisting tank bromeliads host distinct algal communities on a tropical inselberg |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Biol. |
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16 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
997-1004 |
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Algae; Bromeliaceae; Inselberg; Neotropics; Phytotelmata; Aechmea; algae; Bromeliaceae; Bumilleriopsis; Catopsis berteroniana; Chlorella (unclassified Chlorophyceae); Chlorella (unclassified Trebouxiophyceae); Chlorella sp.; Cyanobacteria; Eukaryota; Invertebrata; Protozoa |
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The tank bromeliads Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) and Catopsis berteroniana (Schultes f.) coexist on a sun-exposed Neotropical inselberg in French Guiana, where they permit conspicuous freshwater pools to form that differ in size, complexity and detritus content. We sampled the algal communities (both eukaryotic and cyanobacterial taxa, including colourless forms) inhabiting either A. aquilega (n = 31) or C. berteroniana (n = 30) and examined differences in community composition and biomass patterns in relation to several biotic and abiotic variables. Chlorella sp. and Bumilleriopsis sp. were the most common taxa and dominated the algal biomass in A. aquilega and C. berteroniana, respectively. Using a redundancy analysis, we found that water volume, habitat complexity and the density of phagotrophic protozoa and collector-gatherer invertebrates were the main factors explaining the distribution of the algal taxa among the samples. Hierarchical clustering procedures based on abundance and presence/absence data clearly segregated the samples according to bromeliad species, revealing that the algal communities in the smaller bromeliad species were not a subset of the communities found in the larger bromeliad species. We conclude that, even though two coexisting tank bromeliad populations create adjacent aquatic habitats, each population hosts a distinct algal community. Hence, bromeliad diversity is thought to promote the local diversity of freshwater algae in the Neotropics. © 2014 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands. |
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IRD, UMR AMAP (botAnique et bioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes), Montpellier, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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14388677 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 September 2014; Coden: Pbiof; Correspondence Address: Carrias, J.-F.; Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; email: j-francois.carrias@univ-bpclermont.fr; Funding Details: LQ13C020005, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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560 |
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Petit, M.; Céréghino, R.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dezerald, O.; Petitclerc, F.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Title |
Are ontogenetic shifts in foliar structure and resource acquisition spatially conditioned in tank-bromeliads? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bot J Linn Soc |
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175 |
Issue |
2 |
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299-312 |
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Aechmea mertensii; Camponotus femoratus; French Guiana; leaf traits; mutualistic ants; natural stable isotopes; ontogeny; Pachycondyla goeldii; phenotypic plasticity; plant morphology |
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The phenotypic plasticity of plants has been explored as a function of either ontogeny (apparent plasticity) or environment (adaptive plasticity), although few studies have analyzed these factors together. In the present study, we take advantage of the dispersal of Aechmea mertensii bromeliads by Camponotus femoratus or Pachycondyla goeldii ants in shaded and sunny environments, respectively, to quantify ontogenetic changes in morphological, foliar, and functional traits, and to analyze ontogenetic and ant species effects on 14 traits. Most of the morphological (plant height, number of leaves), foliar (leaf thickness, leaf mass area, total water content, trichome density), and functional (leaf δ13C) traits differed as a function of ontogeny. Conversely, only leaf δ15N showed an adaptive phenotypic plasticity. On the other hand, plant width, tank width, longest leaf length, stomatal density, and leaf C concentration showed an adaptation to local environment with ontogeny. The exception was leaf N concentration, which showed no trend at all. Aechmea mertensii did not show an abrupt morphological modification such as in heteroblastic bromeliads, although it was characterized by strong, size-related functional modifications for CO2 acquisition. The adaptive phenotypic variation found between the two ant species indicates the spatially conditioned plasticity of A. mertensii in the context of insect-assisted dispersal. However, ant-mediated effects on phenotypic plasticity in A. mertensii are not obvious because ant species and light environment are confounding variables. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 175, 299–312. |
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1095-8339 |
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564 |
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Lachenaud, P.; Rossi, V.; Thevenin, J.-M.; Doaré, F. |
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The “Guiana” genetic group: A new source of resistance to cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) black pod rot caused by Phytophthora capsici |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Crop Protection |
Abbreviated Journal |
Crop Prot. |
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67 |
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91-95 |
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Black pod; Cocoa; French guiana; Phytophthora capsici; Resistance; Phytophthora capsici; Theobroma cacao |
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Black pod rot, caused by Stramenopiles of the genus Phytophthora, leads to serious production losses in all cocoa growing zones. In order to reduce the impact of these pests, preference is given to genetic control using resistant varieties, and sources of resistance are actively being sought, particularly in wild cacao trees. Surveys were undertaken in the natural cacao tree populations of south-eastern French Guiana between 1985 and 1995 and an abundant amount of plant material belonging to a particular genetic group, the “Guiana” group, was collected. A great deal of work has shown the merits of this genetic group as a source of resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and megakarya. We describe here the results of a global study to assess the resistance of the 186 clones in the “Guiana” group “core collection” to a Guianese strain of Phytophthora capsici (strain Reg 2-6). This study, which used an efficient methodology (fifteen series of tests on leaf discs and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the basic data), showed that the “Guiana” genetic group is a major source of resistance to P.capsici. Strain Reg 2-6 proves to be particularly virulent, as the Scavina 6 control, an international reference for resistance to Phytophthora, is not resistant to it. However, 24 clones of the “Guiana” group are, and 92 have proved to be more resistant than Scavina 6, thereby showing the interest of the group in genetically controlling P.capsici.Thus, of the clones in the Guiana group that are more resistant to P.capsici than Scavina 6, some, which are also resistant to P.palmivora and/or Phytophthora megakarya, and also displaying some other notable qualities, could be incorporated into cocoa genetic improvement programmes in countries where P.capsici is rife on cacao trees. |
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CIRAD, UPR BSEF, BP 2572Yaoundé, Cameroon |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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02612194 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 November 2014; Coden: Crptd; Correspondence Address: Lachenaud, P.; CIRAD, UPR 106, BP 701, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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565 |
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Dejean, A.; Corbara, B. |
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Reactions by army ant workers to nestmates having had contact with sympatric ant species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
337 |
Issue |
11 |
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642-645 |
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Army ants Antipredation Colony-mate recognition Eciton Transferring cuticular compounds; Eciton; Formicidae |
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It was recently shown that Pheidole megacephala colonies (an invasive species originating from Africa) counterattack when raided by the army ant, Eciton burchellii. The subsequent contact permits Pheidole cuticular compounds (that constitute the “colony odour”) to be transferred onto the raiding Eciton, which are then not recognised by their colony-mates and killed. Using a simple method for transferring cuticular compounds, we tested if this phenomenon occurs for Neotropical ants. Eciton workers rubbed with ants from four sympatric species were released among their colony-mates. Individuals rubbed with Solenopsis saevissima or Camponotus blandus workers were attacked, but not those rubbed with Atta sexdens, Pheidole fallax or with colony-mates (control lot). So, the chemicals of certain sympatric ant species, but not others, trigger intra-colonial aggressiveness in Eciton. We conclude that prey-ant chemicals might have played a role in the evolution of army ant predatory behaviour, likely influencing prey specialization in certain cases. |
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Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Elsevier Masson SAS |
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16310691 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 November 2014; Coden: Crboc; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS, É Cologie des Forêts de Guyane, UMR-CNRS 8172, BP 316, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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566 |
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Gao, H.; Grüschow, S.; Barke, J.; Seipke, R.F.; Hill, L.M.; Orivel, J.; Yu, D.W.; Hutchings, M.; Goss, R.J.M. |
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Filipins: The first antifungal “weed killers” identified from bacteria isolated from the trap-ant |
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2014 |
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RSC Advances |
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RSC Adv. |
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4 |
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100 |
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57267-57270 |
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Anti-fungal |
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Allomerus ants ensure that they have sufficient nitrogen in their diet by trapping and consuming other insects. In order to construct their traps, like the more extensively studied leaf cutter ants, they employ fungal farming. Pest management within these fungal cultures has been speculated to be due to the ants' usage of actinomycetes capable of producing antifungal compounds, analogous to the leafcutter ant mutualism. Here we report the first identification of a series of antifungal compounds, the filipins, and their associated biosynthetic genes isolated from a bacterium associated with this system. |
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State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyKunming, Yunnan, China |
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Royal Society of Chemistry |
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20462069 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 November 2014; Coden: Rscac; Correspondence Address: Goss, R.J.M.; School of Chemistry, University of St. AndrewsUnited Kingdom; Funding Details: 311848, EC, European Commission |
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567 |
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