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Vincent, G.; Caron, F.; Sabatier, D.; Blanc, L. |
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LiDAR shows that higher forests have more slender trees |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Bois Forets Tropiques |
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66 |
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314 |
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51-56 |
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Competition; Fertility; French Guiana; LiDAR; Tree allometry |
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High-density Airborne Laser Scanning was used to derive the Canopy Height Model (CHM) of an experimental forest site in the neotropics (Paracou, French Guiana). Individual tree heights were computed by manually segmenting tree crowns on the CHM and then extracting the local maximum canopy height. Three hundred and ninety-six (396) height estimates were matched from dominant or emergent trees with the corresponding ground records of stem diameters sampled in two plots with different mean canopy heights (28.1 m vs. 31.3 m). Tree slenderness was found to be positively and very significantly correlated with mean canopy height at the plot level. The same correlation was observed at the species population level for the three species adequately sampled. It can therefore be concluded that stratification by canopy height is to be recommended when deriving allometric relationships in order to avoid bias in Above Ground Biomass estimations. |
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CIRAD, UMR Ecofog, 97300 Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 5 June 2013; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: IRD, UMR AMAP, 34000 Montpellier, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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490 |
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Öpik, M.; Zobel, M.; Cantero, J.J.; Davison, J.; Facelli, J.M.; Hiiesalu, I.; Jairus, T.; Kalwij, J.M.; Koorem, K.; Leal, M.E.; Liira, J.; Metsis, M.; Neshataeva, V.; Paal, J.; Phosri, C.; Põlme, S.; Reier, Ü.; Saks, Ü.; Schimann, H.; Thiéry, O.; Vasar, M.; Moora, M. |
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Global sampling of plant roots expands the described molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
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2013 |
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Mycorrhiza |
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23 |
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5 |
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411-430 |
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454-sequencing; Biogeography; Database; Diversity; Fungal macroecology; Glomeromycota |
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We aimed to enhance understanding of the molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by building a new global dataset targeting previously unstudied geographical areas. In total, we sampled 96 plant species from 25 sites that encompassed all continents except Antarctica. AMF in plant roots were detected by sequencing the nuclear SSU rRNA gene fragment using either cloning followed by Sanger sequencing or 454-sequencing. A total of 204 AMF phylogroups (virtual taxa, VT) were recorded, increasing the described number of Glomeromycota VT from 308 to 341 globally. Novel VT were detected from 21 sites; three novel but nevertheless widespread VT (Glomus spp. MO-G52, MO-G53, MO-G57) were recorded from six continents. The largest increases in regional VT number were recorded in previously little-studied Oceania and in the boreal and polar climatic zones – this study providing the first molecular data from the latter. Ordination revealed differences in AM fungal communities between different continents and climatic zones, suggesting that both biogeographic history and environmental conditions underlie the global variation of those communities. Our results show that a considerable proportion of Glomeromycota diversity has been recorded in many regions, though further large increases in richness can be expected in remaining unstudied areas. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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INRA-Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guiana Forests (Ecofog), campus agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 25 June 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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493 |
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Roux, O.; Rossi, V.; Céréghino, R.; Compin, A.; Martin, J.-M.; Dejean, A. |
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How to coexist with fire ants: The roles of behaviour and cuticular compounds |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Behavioural Processes |
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98 |
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51-57 |
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Aggressiveness; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Dear enemy phenomenon; Nasty neighbour effect; Species coexistence; Supercoloniality |
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Because territoriality is energetically costly, territorial animals frequently respond less aggressively to neighbours than to strangers, a reaction known as the “dear enemy phenomenon” (DEP). The contrary, the “nasty neighbour effect” (NNE), occurs mainly for group-living species defending resource-based territories. We studied the relationships between supercolonies of the pest fire ant Solenopsis saevissima and eight ant species able to live in the vicinity of its nests plus Eciton burchellii, an army ant predator of other ants. The workers from all of the eight ant species behaved submissively when confronted with S. saevissima (dominant) individuals, whereas the contrary was never true. Yet, S. saevissima were submissive towards E. burchellii workers. Both DEP and NNE were observed for the eight ant species, with submissive behaviours less frequent in the case of DEP. To distinguish what is due to chemical cues from what can be attributed to behaviour, we extracted cuticular compounds from all of the nine ant species compared and transferred them onto a number of S. saevissima workers that were then confronted with untreated conspecifics. The cuticular compounds from three species, particularly E. burchellii, triggered greater aggressiveness by S. saevissima workers, while those from the other species did not. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. |
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Université de Toulouse, UPS, Ecolab, 31062 Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 1 July 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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494 |
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Lebrini, M.; Robert, F.; Roos, C. |
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Adsorption properties and inhibition of C38 steel corrosion in hydrochloric solution by some indole derivates: Temperature effect, activation energies, and thermodynamics of adsorption |
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2013 |
Publication |
International Journal of Corrosion |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Corros. |
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2013 |
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Article ID 139798 |
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13 |
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The corrosion rates in the presence of some indole derivates, namely, 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (norharmane) and 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (harmane), as inhibitors of C38 steel corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl solution, were measured by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, in the range of temperatures from 25 to 55 °C. Results obtained revealed that the organic compounds investigated have inhibiting properties for all temperatures. The inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of the indole molecules on the metal surface. Adsorption of indole derivates was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The apparent activation energies, enthalpies, and entropies of the dissolution process and the free energies and enthalpies for the adsorption process were determined by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance. The fundamental thermodynamic functions were used to collect important information about indole inhibitory behaviour. © 2013 M. Lebrini et al. |
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Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Amazonien, UAG-UMR ECOFOG, Campus Trou Biran, 97337 Cayenne, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 4 July 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: 139798 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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495 |
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Zalamea, P.-C.; Sarmiento, C.; Stevenson, P.R.; Rodríguez, M.; Nicolini, E.; Heuret, P. |
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Effect of rainfall seasonality on the growth of Cecropia sciadophylla: Intra-annual variation in leaf production and node length |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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29 |
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4 |
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361-365 |
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leaf phenology; Neotropics; pioneer plants; plant growth; plant morphology; rainfall seasonality; Urticaceae |
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Patterns of leaf production and leaf fall directly influence leaf area index and forest productivity. Here, we focused on Cecropia sciadophylla individuals inhabiting the extremes of the gradient in seasonality in rainfall at which C. sciadophylla occurs. In Colombia and French Guiana we compared the intra-annual variation in leaf production as well as the intra-annual fluctuation in internode length on a total of 69 saplings ranging in size from 1 to 2 m. The mean rate of leaf production was ~2 leaves mo -1 in both populations, and the rate of leaf production was constant throughout the year. Our results showed monthly variation in internode length and the number of live leaves per sapling in the seasonal habitat and variation only in internode length in the everwet habitat. Because the rate of leaf production is constant at both localities, the difference in number of live leaves per sapling at the seasonal site must reflect seasonal variation in leaf life span. We show that in Cecropia, internode length can serve as an indicator of precipitation seasonality. Finally an open question is whether leaf production in other pioneer species is also independent of climatic seasonal cues. This information could allow us to link growth and climate of secondary forest species and better understand how past and future climate can affect plant growth trajectories. © Cambridge University Press 2013. |
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INRA, UMR ECOFOG, Kourou F-97310, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 14 July 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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496 |
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Bourreau, D.; Aimene, Y.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Feasibility of glued laminated timber beams with tropical hardwoods |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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European Journal of Wood and Wood Products |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. |
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71 |
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5 |
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653-662 |
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A feasibility study of glulam was carried out in French Guiana using local wood species. The aim was to determine gluing parameters affording satisfactory behaviour to manufactured glulam in a tropical climate. Three abundant wood species, with special properties, were selected for the study and resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde resin was used for bonding. Three industrial parameters were considered: adhesive spread rate, closed assembly time and gluing pressure. Delamination and shearing tests were carried out in accordance with European Standards. The tests revealed the influence of wood properties and manufacturing parameters on joint resistance. In fact, the results showed that specific gravity and the shrinkage coefficient greatly influenced the gluing step. Indeed, wood with a medium specific gravity needed more adhesive and more pressure than wood with a high specific gravity. In addition, planing and lamella thickness were found to affect glue joint resistance. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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CNRS-LMGC Université de Montpellier2, 34095 Montpellier, France |
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00183768 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 August 2013; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1007/s00107-013-0721-4; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bourreau, D.; UAG-UMR Ecofog, Pôle Universitaire Guyanais, 97337 Cayenne cedex, French Guiana; email: dbourreau@nancy.inra.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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497 |
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Scotti, I.; Montaigne, W.; Cseke, K.; Traissac, S. |
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RaBoT: A rarefaction-by-bootstrap method to compare genome-wide levels of genetic diversity |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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70 |
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6 |
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631-635 |
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Diversity comparison; Genome scan; Genome-level diversity; Population genetics; Statistical testing |
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Context: No efficient method is available to compare multi-locus estimates of diversity while taking into account inter-locus and inter-population stochastic variance. The advent of genome scan approaches makes the development of such tests absolutely necessary. Aims: We developed a method to compare genome-wide diversity estimates while taking into account – and factoring out – variation in census size and making use of inter-locus variance to assess significance of differences in diversity levels. Methods: An approach based on rarefaction with bootstrap re-sampling (RaBoT) was implemented into a test of multi-locus comparison of diversity coded in R. The properties of the test were studied by applying it to simulated populations with varying diversity levels and varying differences in diversity levels. The test was then applied to empirical data from disturbed and undisturbed populations of Virola michelii (Myristicaceae) genotyped at 693 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Results: RaBoT was found to be rather conservative, with large numbers of false negatives when the diversity in the compared populations was similar, and false positives mostly associated to comparisons of populations with extremely high levels of diversity. When applied to empirical data, RaBoT detected higher genetic diversity in a post-disturbance than in an undisturbed population and lower genetic diversity in a seedling than in the corresponding adult population, but it also revealed differences in diversity between subgroups within the disturbed and undisturbed plots. Conclusion: RaBoT is a sensitive method to compare multi-locus levels of diversity that can be applied both at the genotype level for dominant markers (e.g. AFLP) and at the allele level for biallelic codominant markers (e.g. single-nucleotide polymorphisms). © 2013 INRA and Springer-Verlag France. |
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Unité Mixte de Recherche ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, Kourou, French Guiana |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 August 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-013-0302-z; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Scotti, I.; Unité Mixte de Recherche ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou cedex, French Guiana; email: ivan.Scotti@ecofog.gf |
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Dezerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Carrias, J.-F.; Pélozuelo, L.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Food-Web Structure in Relation to Environmental Gradients and Predator-Prey Ratios in Tank-Bromeliad Ecosystems |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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8 |
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e71735 |
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Little is known of how linkage patterns between species change along environmental gradients. The small, spatially discrete food webs inhabiting tank-bromeliads provide an excellent opportunity to analyse patterns of community diversity and food-web topology (connectance, linkage density, nestedness) in relation to key environmental variables (habitat size, detrital resource, incident radiation) and predators:prey ratios. We sampled 365 bromeliads in a wide range of understorey environments in French Guiana and used gut contents of invertebrates to draw the corresponding 365 connectance webs. At the bromeliad scale, habitat size (water volume) determined the number of species that constitute food-web nodes, the proportion of predators, and food-web topology. The number of species as well as the proportion of predators within bromeliads declined from open to forested habitats, where the volume of water collected by bromeliads was generally lower because of rainfall interception by the canopy. A core group of microorganisms and generalist detritivores remained relatively constant across environments. This suggests that (i) a highly-connected core ensures food-web stability and key ecosystem functions across environments, and (ii) larger deviations in food-web structures can be expected following disturbance if detritivores share traits that determine responses to environmental changes. While linkage density and nestedness were lower in bromeliads in the forest than in open areas, experiments are needed to confirm a trend for lower food-web stability in the understorey of primary forests. © 2013 Dézerald et al. |
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EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS UMR 5245, Toulouse, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 August 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e71735; Coden: Polnc; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071735; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dézerald, O.; EcoFoG, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS UMR 8172, Kourou, France; email: olivier.dezerald@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Fine, P.V.A.; Metz, M.R.; Lokvam, J.; Mesones, I.; Zuniga, J.M.A.; Lamarre, G.P.A.; Pilco, M.V.; Baraloto, C. |
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Insect herbivores, chemical innovation, and the evolution of habitat specialization in Amazonian trees |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Ecology |
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Ecology |
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94 |
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8 |
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1764-1775 |
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Amazonia; Ecological speciation; Ecotypes; Herbivory; Natural enemies; Plant defense; Protium subserratum; Terra firme forests; Tropical rain forests; White-sand forests |
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Herbivores are often implicated in the generation of the extraordinarily diverse tropical flora. One hypothesis linking enemies to plant diversification posits that the evolution of novel defenses allows plants to escape their enemies and expand their ranges. When range expansion involves entering a new habitat type, this could accelerate defense evolution if habitats contain different assemblages of herbivores and/or divergent resource availabilities that affect plant defense allocation. We evaluated this hypothesis by investigating two sister habitat specialist ecotypes of Protium subserratum (Burseraceae), a common Amazonian tree that occurs in white-sand and terra firme forests. We collected insect herbivores feeding on the plants, assessed whether growth differences between habitats were genetically based using a reciprocal transplant experiment, and sampled multiple populations of both lineages for defense chemistry. Protium subserratum plants were attacked mainly by chrysomelid beetles and cicadellid hemipterans. Assemblages of insect herbivores were dissimilar between populations of ecotypes from different habitats, as well as from the same habitat 100 km distant. Populations from terra firme habitats grew significantly faster than white-sand populations; they were taller, produced more leaf area, and had more chlorophyll. White-sand populations expressed more dry mass of secondary compounds and accumulated more flavone glycosides and oxidized terpenes, whereas terra firme populations produced a coumaroylquinic acid that was absent from white-sand populations. We interpret these results as strong evidence that herbivores and resource availability select for divergent types and amounts of defense investment in white-sand and terra firme lineages of Protium subserratum, which may contribute to habitat-mediated speciation in these trees. © 2013 by the Ecological Society of America. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States |
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00129658 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 August 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ecola; doi: 10.1890/12-1920.1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Department of Integrative Biology, 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building 3140, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, United States |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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500 |
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Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Pélozuelo, L.; Dezerald, O.; Brouard, O.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Mutualistic ants contribute to tank-bromeliad nutrition |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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112 |
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5 |
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919-926 |
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δ15N; Algae; ants; Bromeliaceae; food webs; Formicinae; French Guiana; mutualistic interactions; nitrogen; phytotelmata; stable isotopes; tank bromeliad |
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Background and AimsEpiphytism imposes physiological constraints resulting from the lack of access to the nutrient sources available to ground-rooted plants. A conspicuous adaptation in response to that lack is the phytotelm (plant-held waters) of tank-bromeliad species that are often nutrient-rich. Associations with terrestrial invertebrates also result in higher plant nutrient acquisition. Assuming that tank-bromeliads rely on reservoir-assisted nutrition, it was hypothesized that the dual association with mutualistic ants and the phytotelm food web provides greater nutritional benefits to the plant compared with those bromeliads involved in only one of these two associations.MethodsQuantitative (water volume, amount of fine particulate organic matter, predator/prey ratio, algal density) and qualitative variables (ant-association and photosynthetic pathways) were compared for eight tank- and one tankless-bromeliad morphospecies from French Guiana. An analysis was also made of which of these variables affect nitrogen acquisition (leaf N and δ15N).Key ResultsAll variables were significantly different between tank-bromeliad species. Leaf N concentrations and leaf δ15N were both positively correlated with the presence of mutualistic ants. The amount of fine particulate organic matter and predator/prey ratio had a positive and negative effect on leaf δ15N, respectively. Water volume was positively correlated with leaf N concentration whereas algal density was negatively correlated. Finally, the photosynthetic pathway (C3 vs. CAM) was positively correlated with leaf N concentration with a slightly higher N concentration for C 3-Tillandsioideae compared with CAM-Bromelioideae.ConclusionsThe study suggests that some of the differences in N nutrition between bromeliad species can be explained by the presence of mutualistic ants. From a nutritional standpoint, it is more advantageous for a bromeliad to use myrmecotrophy via its roots than to use carnivory via its tank. The results highlight a gap in our knowledge of the reciprocal interactions between bromeliads and the various trophic levels (from bacteria to large metazoan predators) that intervene in reservoir-assisted nutrition. © The Author 2013. |
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CNRS, UMR 8172, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, F-97379 Kourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 9 September 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Anboa; doi: 10.1093/aob/mct147; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Leroy, C.; IRD, UMR AMAP (BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: celine.leroy@ird.fr |
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