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Konig, A.O.; Ziegenhagen, B.; van Dam, B.C.; Csaikl, U.M.; Coart, E.; Degen, B.; Burg, K.; de Vries, S.M.G.; Petit, R.J. |
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Chloroplast DNA variation of oaks in western Central Europe and genetic consequences of human influences |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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For. Ecol. Manage. |
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156 |
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1-3 |
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147-166 |
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Q. robur; Q. petraea; PCR-RFLPs; haplotypes; spatial genetic patterns; genetic differentiation; deforestation; seed transfer |
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Oak chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation was studied in a grid-based inventory in western Central Europe, including Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, the Czech Republic, and the northern parts of Upper and Lower Austria. A total of 2155 trees representing 426 populations of Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. were screened for polymorphism in up to four PCR-amplified cpDNA fragments. Eleven haplotypes belonging to four lineages were detected; these lineages were formerly restricted to glacial refugia in the Iberian Peninsula, the Apennine Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula. The haplotypes originating from the Apennines are particularly well represented in the study region, but there is also a significant contribution from the other refugia, which explain the high overall level of cpDNA diversity. The strong human impact in western Central Europe during the past centuries, which has resulted in the clearance of most forests, was followed by reforestation, sometimes involving seed transfers. Despite this strong human impact, broad geographic patterns of lineages and haplotypes could still be detected. To evaluate further the consequences of the former human activities on the present day oak cpDNA genetic structure, four regions where increasingly strong human impact was anticipated (ranging from hilly regions in southern Germany to roadsides plantations in The Netherlands) were selected. There, a comparison of the levels of intrapopulation cpDNA diversity and spatial structuring was made. Over the whole area, within stand diversity was significantly higher in Q. robur than in Q. petraea (h(S) = 0.24 vs. 0.16). Since total diversity is identical for both species, this results in a significantly lower level of fixation for Q. robur than for Q. petraea (G(ST) = 0.68 vs. 0.79). The analyses also reveal a decrease of fixation with increasing human impact on oak populations. The Dutch roadside plantations (Q. robur) exhibit a very low level of fixation (G(ST) = 0.28) as compared to Q. petraea in southern Germany (G(ST) = 0.91). The significance of the spatial genetic structure was tested using geostatistical methods. For the complete data set, a strong spatial genetic structure is confirmed, with higher than average genetic similarities between populations distant from up to 270 km, whereas there is no spatial structure in the roadside plantations in The Netherlands or in the northern German lowlands. These results should help to differentiate introduced from autochthonous populations, and provide a framework for the identification of the geographic origin of seed lots. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Inst FOrstgenet & Forstpflanzenzuchtung, BFH, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISI:000174149400010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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Falkowski, M.; Jahn-Oyac, A.; Odonne, G.; Flora, C.; Estevez, Y.; Touré, S.; Boulogne, I.; Robinson, J.-C.; Béreau, D.; Petit, P.; Azam, D.; Coke, M.; Issaly, J.; Gaborit, P.; Stien, D.; Eparvier, V.; Dusfour, I.; Houël, E. |
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Towards the optimization of botanical insecticides research: Aedes aegypti larvicidal natural products in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Acta Tropica |
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201 |
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105179 |
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Amazonian chemodiversity; Chemical defense; Culicidae; Mosquito larvicides; Quasi-Poisson generalized linear model; Screening optimization |
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Natural products have proven to be an immeasurable source of bioactive compounds. The exceptional biodiversity encountered in Amazonia, alongside a rich entomofauna and frequent interactions with various herbivores is the crucible of a promising chemodiversity. This prompted us to search for novel botanical insecticides in French Guiana. As this French overseas department faces severe issues linked to insects, notably the strong incidence of vector-borne infectious diseases, we decided to focus our research on products able to control the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We tested 452 extracts obtained from 85 species originating from 36 botanical families and collected in contrasted environments against an Ae. aegypti laboratory strain susceptible to all insecticides, and a natural population resistant to both pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides collected in Cayenne for the most active of them. Eight species (Maytenus oblongata Reissek, Celastraceae; Costus erythrothyrsus Loes., Costaceae; Humiria balsamifera Aubl., Humiriaceae; Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff, Lauraceae; Piper hispidum Sw., Piperaceae; Laetia procera (Poepp.) Eichl., Salicaceae; Matayba arborescens (Aubl.) Radlk., Sapindaceae; and Cupania scrobitulata Rich., Sapindaceae) led to extracts exhibiting more than 50% larval mortality after 48 h of exposition at 100 µg/mL against the natural population and were considered active. Selectivity and phytochemistry of these extracts were therefore investigated and discussed, and some active compounds highlighted. Multivariate analysis highlighted that solvents, plant tissues, plant family and location had a significant effect on mortality while light, available resources and vegetation type did not. Through this case study we highlighted that plant defensive chemistry mechanisms are crucial while searching for novel insecticidal products. |
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INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Groupe recherche en écologie microbienne, 531 boulevard des prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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888 |
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Binelli, G.; Montaigne, W.; Sabatier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus |
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2020 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Evolution |
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10 |
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11 |
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4726-4738 |
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allopatric divergence; Amazon; Guiana Shield; interspecific gene flow; Myristicaceae; secondary contact; Virola |
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Phylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the “true” picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology—although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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963 |
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Schmitt, S.; Hérault, B.; Ducouret, É.; Baranger, A.; Tysklind, N.; Heuertz, M.; Marcon, É.; Cazal, S.O.; Derroire, G. |
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Topography consistently drives intra- and inter-specific leaf trait variation within tree species complexes in a Neotropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oikos |
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129 |
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10 |
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1521-1530 |
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intraspecific variability; leaf traits; Paracou; species complex; syngameon; tropical forests; Bayesian analysis; coexistence; divergence; genetic variation; hierarchical system; leaf area; local adaptation; niche overlap; species diversity; topography; tropical forest; Guyana Shield |
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Tropical forests shelter the highest species diversity worldwide, although genus diversity is lower than expected. In the species-rich genera, species complexes are composed of closely-related species that share large amounts of genetic variation. Despite the key role of species complexes in diversification, evolution and functioning of ecological communities, little is known on why species complexes arise and how they are maintained in Neotropical forests. Examining how individual phenotypes vary along environmental gradients, within and among closely-related species within species complexes, can reveal processes allowing species coexistence within species complexes. We examined leaf functional trait variation with topography in a hyperdiverse tropical forest of the Guiana Shield. We collected leaf functional traits from 766 trees belonging to five species in two species complexes in permanent plots encompassing a diversity of topographic positions. We tested the role of topography on leaf functional trait variation with a hierarchical Bayesian model, controlling for individual tree diameter effect. We show that, mirroring what has been previously observed among species and communities, individual leaf traits covary from acquisitive to conservative strategy within species. Moreover, decreasing wetness from bottomlands to plateaus was associated with a shift of leaf traits from an acquisitive to a conservative strategy both across and within closely-related species. Our results suggest that intraspecific trait variability widens species’ niches and converges at species’ margins where niches overlap, potentially implying local neutral processes. Intraspecific trait variability favors local adaptation and divergence of closely-related species within species complexes. It is potentially maintained through interspecific sharing of genetic variation through hybridization. © 2020 Nordic Society Oikos. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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INRAE, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, Cirad, Université des Antilles, Univ. de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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00301299 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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950 |
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Öpik, M.; Zobel, M.; Cantero, J.J.; Davison, J.; Facelli, J.M.; Hiiesalu, I.; Jairus, T.; Kalwij, J.M.; Koorem, K.; Leal, M.E.; Liira, J.; Metsis, M.; Neshataeva, V.; Paal, J.; Phosri, C.; Põlme, S.; Reier, Ü.; Saks, Ü.; Schimann, H.; Thiéry, O.; Vasar, M.; Moora, M. |
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Global sampling of plant roots expands the described molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Mycorrhiza |
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23 |
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5 |
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411-430 |
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454-sequencing; Biogeography; Database; Diversity; Fungal macroecology; Glomeromycota |
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We aimed to enhance understanding of the molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by building a new global dataset targeting previously unstudied geographical areas. In total, we sampled 96 plant species from 25 sites that encompassed all continents except Antarctica. AMF in plant roots were detected by sequencing the nuclear SSU rRNA gene fragment using either cloning followed by Sanger sequencing or 454-sequencing. A total of 204 AMF phylogroups (virtual taxa, VT) were recorded, increasing the described number of Glomeromycota VT from 308 to 341 globally. Novel VT were detected from 21 sites; three novel but nevertheless widespread VT (Glomus spp. MO-G52, MO-G53, MO-G57) were recorded from six continents. The largest increases in regional VT number were recorded in previously little-studied Oceania and in the boreal and polar climatic zones – this study providing the first molecular data from the latter. Ordination revealed differences in AM fungal communities between different continents and climatic zones, suggesting that both biogeographic history and environmental conditions underlie the global variation of those communities. Our results show that a considerable proportion of Glomeromycota diversity has been recorded in many regions, though further large increases in richness can be expected in remaining unstudied areas. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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INRA-Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guiana Forests (Ecofog), campus agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 25 June 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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493 |
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Leclerc, T.; Vimal, R.; Troispoux, V.; Périgon, S.; Scotti, I. |
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Life after disturbance (I): changes in the spatial genetic structure of Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don (Bignonianceae) after logging in an intensively studied plot in French Guiana |
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2015 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annals of Forest Science |
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72 |
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5 |
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509-516 |
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Amazon; Bayesian clustering; Demogenetics; Guiana shield; Parentage analysis; Regeneration; Spatial genetic structure; Tropical rainforest |
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Key message: Forest disturbance affects the within-population distribution of genetic diversity, but not its overall levels, in a tropical pioneer tree species. In particular, clumps of related saplings with impoverished diversity are found in canopy gaps but not under forest cover. Context: Forest disturbances can have long-term consequences on the genetic structure of tree populations, because they can alter the demographic properties of the regeneration process and favour some subpopulations/genotypes, both by stochastic processes and by selection. Intermediate disturbances tend to favour species diversity, at least in highly diverse communities, but their effect on intra-specific diversity is unknown. Aims: In this study, we have looked at the genetic consequences of forest disturbance in a stand of the long-lived Neotropical pioneer species, Jacaranda copaia. Methods: The study site was experimentally logged in 1984, and the canopy gaps generated by the logging were mapped. Seedlings of J. copaia colonised the gaps, as expected, at a higher density than in the surrounding forest. In 2006, we exhaustively sampled all saplings and adult trees available in a 25-ha area. The samples were genotyped at nine microsatellite loci, and the distribution of genetic diversity was inspected by analyses of spatial autocorrelation, automated Bayesian assignment and comparisons of diversity between cohorts by bootstrap (RaBoT). Results: Spatial autocorrelation was found to extend farther in post-disturbance saplings than in the undisturbed population (100 m and beyond versus less than 50 m), and divergent clumps (F<inf>ST</inf> = 0.05) of related genotypes were found; genetic diversity was found to be impoverished in each clump relative to the global population at about half of the loci. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that forest disturbance has changed the patterns of distribution of genetic diversity, with potential consequences on long-term population viability. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France. |
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INRA, URFM « Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes », Domaine de Saint-Paul, Avignon, France |
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Export Date: 16 July 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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611 |
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Lefèvre, F.; Boivin, T.; Bontemps, A.; Courbet, F.; Davi, H.; Durand-Gillmann, M.; Fady, B.; Gauzere, J.; Gidoin, C.; Karam, M.-J.; Pichot, C.; Oddou-Muratorio, S.; Pichot, C. |
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Considering evolutionary processes in adaptive forestry |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann For Sci |
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71 |
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7 |
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723-739 |
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Adaptation; Climate change; Evolution-oriented forest management; Genetic resources; Silviculture |
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Context: Managing forests under climate change requires adaptation. The adaptive capacity of forest tree populations is huge but not limitless. Integrating evolutionary considerations into adaptive forestry practice will enhance the capacity of managed forests to respond to climate-driven changes.
Aims: Focusing on natural regeneration systems, we propose a general framework that can be used in various and complex local situations by forest managers, in combination with their own expertise, to integrate evolutionary considerations into decision making for the emergence of an evolution-oriented forestry.
Methods: We develop a simple process-based analytical grid, using few processes and parameters, to analyse the impact of forestry practice on the evolution and evolvability of tree populations.
Results: We review qualitative and, whenever possible, quantitative expectations on the intensity of evolutionary drivers in forest trees. Then, we review the effects of actual and potential forestry practice on the evolutionary processes. We illustrate the complexity of interactions in two study cases: the evolutionary consequences for forest trees of biotic interactions and of highly heterogeneous environment.
Conclusion: Evolution-oriented forestry may contribute adapting forests to climate change. It requires combining short-term and long-term objectives. We propose future lines of research and experimentation. |
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INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, URFM, Domaine Saint Paul, Site AgroparcAvignon Cedex 9, France |
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Cited By :2; Export Date: 13 January 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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580 |
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Caron, H.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Léger, P.; Chaumeil, P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Frigério, J.-M.; Scotti, I.; Franc, A.; Petit, R.J. |
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Chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse tropical tree community |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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9 |
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8 |
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4897-4905 |
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chloroplast DNA; DNA barcoding; genetic diversity; hybridization; incomplete lineage sorting; introgression; species diversity; tropical trees |
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We investigate chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse community of tropical rainforest trees in French Guiana, focusing on patterns of intraspecific and interspecific variation. We test whether a species genetic diversity is higher when it has congeners in the community with which it can exchange genes and if shared haplotypes are more frequent in genetically diverse species, as expected in the presence of introgression. We sampled a total of 1,681 individual trees from 472 species corresponding to 198 genera and sequenced them at a noncoding chloroplast DNA fragment. Polymorphism was more frequent in species that have congeneric species in the study site than in those without congeners (30% vs. 12%). Moreover, more chloroplast haplotypes were shared with congeners in polymorphic species than in monomorphic ones (44% vs. 28%). Despite large heterogeneities caused by genus-specific behaviors in patterns of hybridization, these results suggest that the higher polymorphism in the presence of congeners is caused by local introgression rather than by incomplete lineage sorting. Our findings suggest that introgression has the potential to drive intraspecific genetic diversity in species-rich tropical forests. |
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INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, URFM, Avignon, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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870 |
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Abedini, R.; Clair, B.; Pourtahmasi, K.; Laurans, F.; Arnould, O. |
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Cell wall thickening in developing tension wood of artificially bent poplar trees |
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2015 |
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IAWA Journal |
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IAWA Journal |
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36 |
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1 |
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44-57 |
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developing xylem; Gelatinous layer; maturation stress; secondary wall layer; tree biomechanics |
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Trees can control their shape and resist gravity thanks to their ability to produce wood under tensile stress. This stress is known to be produced during the maturation of wood fibres but the mechanism of its generation remains unclear. This study focuses on the formation of the secondary wall in tension wood produced in artificially tilted poplar saplings. Thickness of secondary wall layer (SL) and gelatinous layer (GL) were measured from cambium to mature wood in several trees sampled at different times after tilting. Measurements on wood fibres produced before tilting show the progressive increase of secondary wall thickness during the growing season. After the tilting date, SL thickness decreased markedly from normal wood to tension wood while the total thickness increased compared to normal wood, with the development of a thick GL. However, even after GL formation, SL thickness continues to increase during the growing season. GL thickening was observed to be faster than SL thickening. The development of the unlignified GL is proposed to be a low cost, efficient strategy for a fast generation of tensile stress in broadleaved trees. © 2015 International Association of Wood Anatomists. |
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INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie ForestièresOrléans, France |
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Export Date: 17 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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596 |
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Hibert, F.; Sabatier, D.; Andrivot, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Gonzalez, S.; Prévost, M.-F.; Grenand, P.; Chave, J.; Caron, H.; Richard-Hansen, C. |
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Botany, genetics and ethnobotany: A crossed investigation on the elusive tapir's diet in French guiana |
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2011 |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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e25850 |
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While the populations of large herbivores are being depleted in many tropical rainforests, the importance of their trophic role in the ecological functioning and biodiversity of these ecosystems is still not well evaluated. This is due to the outstanding plant diversity that they feed upon and the inherent difficulties involved in observing their elusive behaviour. Classically, the diet of elusive tropical herbivores is studied through the observation of browsing signs and macroscopic analysis of faeces or stomach contents. In this study, we illustrate that the original coupling of classic methods with genetic and ethnobotanical approaches yields information both about the diet diversity, the foraging modalities and the potential impact on vegetation of the largest terrestrial mammal of Amazonia, the lowland tapir. The study was conducted in the Guianan shield, where the ecology of tapirs has been less investigated. We identified 92 new species, 51 new genera and 13 new families of plants eaten by tapirs. We discuss the relative contribution of our different approaches, notably the contribution of genetic barcoding, used for the first time to investigate the diet of a large tropical mammal, and how local traditional ecological knowledge is accredited and valuable for research on the ecology of elusive animals. © 2011 Hibert et al. |
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INRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e25850; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025850; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Hibert, F.; Direction Etudes et Recherches Guyane, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Kourou, French Guiana, France; email: fabricenz@gmail.com |
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