| Records |
| Author |
Rockwell, C.A.; Kainer, K.A.; Staudhammer, C.L.; Baraloto, C. |
| Title |
Future crop tree damage in a certified community forest in southwestern Amazonia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
| Volume |
242 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
108-118 |
| Keywords |
bamboo; community forest management; forest certification; Guadua; liana; marking; reduced-impact logging; RIL; timber management; tropical forest |
| Abstract |
Field studies in Acre, Brazil assessed logging impacts of a certified community timber management project. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to determine if damage incidence to future crop trees (FCTs; >= 20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) differs between (a) forest with and without bamboo (Guadua spp.), and (b) trees with and without lianas; (2) to what extent harvesting can be conducted more intensely (m(3)ha(-1)), without incurring greater FCT damage; and (3) to what extent marking diminishes FCT damage. Full inventories of FCTs of 50 commercial species complexes were conducted before and after logging in 50 m-radius zones of impact around each designated harvest tree in three 10 ha (200 m x 500 m) logging blocks. We also mapped all forested areas potentially influenced by logging, including skid trails, log landings and felling gaps, throughout the 30 ha logged. More than 28% of the forest area was disturbed by logging, with 12.1% in skid trails and 16.8% in gap clearings, indicating that the forest gap mosaic can be significantly altered even when reduced-impact logging guidelines are followed. Overall, 15% of FCTs inventoried were damaged. Damage rates were not significantly reduced by marking treatment, location in bamboo-dominated forest, or liana load on FCT damage. Harvest intensity did not influence the probability of FCT damage. For future studies, it would be prudent to address impacts of timber extraction on other livelihood activities, such as non-timber forest product collection, particularly in such regions as the Brazilian Amazon, where many communities are attempting to integrate a suite of income-generating activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Address  |
Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, Email: crockwel@ufl.edu |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0378-1127 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000246268100003 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
217 |
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| Author |
Rockwell, C.; Kainer, K.A.; Marcondes, N.; Baraloto, C. |
| Title |
Ecological limitations of reduced-impact logging at the smallholder scale |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
| Volume |
238 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
365-374 |
| Keywords |
community forest management; forest inventories; liana cutting; sustained yield; timber management; tropical forest conservation |
| Abstract |
Reduced-impact logging (RIL) has many demonstrated benefits to the industrial logging operations for which they were developed. It is less clear whether these gains remain consistent in smallholder forest systems that increasingly play an important role in global conservation and that target a broader suite of outputs in their management schemes. We evaluate potential ecological consequences of five RIL components (pre-harvest inventories, harvest intensity, cutting cycles, skid trail planning, and liana cutting) when applied to small-scale operations in the Brazilian Amazon and provide suggestions for modifications to RIL guidelines for smallholder systems. Rapid assessment inventories of the entire landholding should be a part of crop tree selection to minimize inbreeding and recruitment failure. Additionally, while community-based taxonomists accurately identify species to common names, botanical samples must be verified with herbarium specimens to avoid market and ecological problems when multiple species share a single common name. We advocate that smallholder managers move beyond an emphasis on RIL guidelines, while still incorporating its basic tenets into practical application. Based on our analysis, this would include evaluating benefits of particular RIL components and assessing potential advantages that smallholders have over industrial operations. We suggest incorporating anthropogenically-generated forest patches of varying sizes and successional stages into a more formalized management system, incorporating and expanding on traditional ecological knowledge acquired over generations, and integrating enrichment plantings and tending of regeneration. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| Address |
Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, Email: crockwel@ufl.edu |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0378-1127 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000243761700033 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
220 |
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| Author |
de Grandcourt, A.; Epron, D.; Montpied, P.; Louisanna, E.; Bereau, M.; Garbaye, J.; Guehl, J.M. |
| Title |
Contrasting responses to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus availability in seedlings of two tropical rainforest tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
| Volume |
161 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
865-875 |
| Keywords |
phosphorus; growth; efficiency; Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas; tropical rainforest; seedlings; Dicorynia guianensis; Eperua falcata |
| Abstract |
This work aimed at understanding the role of mycorrhizal status in phosphorus efficiency of tree seedlings in the tropical rainforest of French Guyana. Mycorrhizal colonization, growth, phosphorus content, net photosynthesis and root respiration were determined on three occasions during a 9-month growth period for seedlings of two co-occurring species (Dicorynia guianensis and Eperua falcata) grown at three soil phosphorus concentrations, with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Seedlings of both species were unable to absorb phosphorus in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited coils that are specific of Paris-type mycorrhizae. Both species benefited from the mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of phosphorus acquisition but the growth of E. falcata seedlings was unresponsive to this mycorrhizal improvement of phosphorus status, probably because of the combination of high seed mass and P reserves, with low growth rate. The two species belong to two different functional groups regarding phosphorus acquisition, D. guianensis being an obligate mycotrophic species. |
| Address |
Univ Franche Comte, Lab Biol & Ecophysiol, F-25211 Montbeliard, France, Email: daniel.epron@scbiol.uhp-nancy.fr |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-646X |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000188646500022 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
239 |
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| Author |
Melieres, M.A.; Pourchet, M.; Charles-Dominique, P.; Gaucher, P. |
| Title |
Mercury in canopy leaves of French Guiana in remote areas |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Total Environ. |
| Volume |
311 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
261-267 |
| Keywords |
mercury; canopy; rainforest; Hg atmosphere soil transfer |
| Abstract |
A study of total Hg concentration in the foliage of the canopy was carried out in two remote areas in French Guiana. The sampled canopy is representative of the French Guiana canopy. The concentration in the foliage, 64+/-14 ng g(-1) (dry wt.), is used to estimate the annual input of total Hg to the soil through the litterfall, found to be 45+/-10 mug m(-2) y(-1). As translocation is negligible, mercury in the canopy originates mainly from atmospheric uptake by the leaves and this litterfall deposit represents a direct atmospheric input from the background atmospheric load into the soil. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France, Email: melieres@glaciog.ujf-grenobic.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000184091300019 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
271 |
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| Author |
Koponen, P.; Nygren, P.; Domenach, A.M.; Le Roux, C.; Saur, E.; Roggy, J.C. |
| Title |
Nodulation and dinitrogen fixation of legume trees in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
655-666 |
| Keywords |
acetylene reduction assay; Bradyrhizobium; flooding; microtopography; N-15 natural abundance method; 16S rDNA sequencing |
| Abstract |
Nodulated legume trees comprised 43% of the stand basal area in the low, most frequently flooded microsites, and 23% in higher, drier microsites in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana. Dinitrogen fixation in Pterocarpus officinalis, Hydrochorea corymbosa and Inga pilosula was confirmed by acetylene reduction assay (ARA), presence of leghaemoglobin in nodules and the N-15 natural abundance method. The results for Zygia cataractae were inconclusive but suggested N-2 fixation in drier microsites. Nodulated Inga disticha had a N-15-to-N-14 ratio similar to non-N-2-fixing trees, but ARA indicated nitrogenase activity and leghaemoglobin was present in nodules. All bacterial strains were identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. according to the partial 16S rDNA sequences, and they were infective in vitro in the model species Macroptilium atropurpuretan. About 35-50% of N in the leaves of P. officinalis, H. corymbosa and I. pilosula was fixed from the atmosphere. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated to contribute at least 8-13% and 1728% to whole-canopy N in high and low microsites, respectively. Symbiotic N, fixation appears to provide both a competitive advantage to legume trees under N-limited, flooded conditions and an important N input to neotropical freshwater swamp forests. |
| Address |
Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland |
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| Publisher |
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0266-4674 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000186710800005 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
242 |
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| Author |
Ponton, S.; Flanagan, L.B.; Alstad, K.P.; Johnson, B.G.; Morgenstern, K.; Kljun, N.; Black, T.A.; Barr, A.G. |
| Title |
Comparison of ecosystem water-use efficiency among Douglas-fir forest, aspen forest and grassland using eddy covariance and carbon isotope techniques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
294-310 |
| Keywords |
boreal forest; conifer forest; eddy covariance; grassland; stable isotopes |
| Abstract |
Comparisons were made among Douglas-fir forest, aspen (broad leaf deciduous) forest and wheatgrass (C-3) grassland for ecosystem-level water-use efficiency (WUE). WUE was defined as the ratio of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate and evapotranspiration (ET) rate. The ET data measured by eddy covariance were screened so that they overwhelmingly represented transpiration. The three sites used in this comparison spanned a range of vegetation (plant functional) types and environmental conditions within western Canada. When compared in the relative order Douglas-fir (located on Vancouver Island, BC), aspen (northern Saskatchewan), grassland (southern Alberta), the sites demonstrated a progressive decline in precipitation and a general increase in maximum air temperature and atmospheric saturation deficit (D-max) during the mid-summer. The average (+/- SD) WUE at the grassland site was 2.6 +/- 0.7 mmol mol(-1), which was much lower than the average values observed for the two other sites (aspen: 5.4 +/- 2.3, Douglas-fir: 8.1 +/- 2.4). The differences in WUE among sites were primarily because of variation in ET. The highest maximum ET rates were approximately 5, 3.2 and 2.7 mm day(-1) for the grassland, aspen and Douglas-fir sites, respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between WUE and D-max for all sites. We also made seasonal measurements of the carbon isotope ratio of ecosystem respired CO2 (delta(R)) in order to test for the expected correlation between shifts in environmental conditions and changes to the ecosystem-integrated ratio of leaf intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (c(i)/c(a)). There was a consistent increase in delta(R) values in the grassland, aspen forest and Douglas-fir forest associated with a seasonal reduction in soil moisture. Comparisons were made between WUE measured using eddy covariance with that calculated based on D and delta(R) measurements. There was excellent agreement between WUE values calculated using the two techniques. Our delta(R) measurements indicated that c(i)/c(a) values were quite similar among the Douglas-fir, aspen and grassland sites, despite large variation in environmental conditions among sites. This implied that the shorter-lived grass species had relatively high c(i)/c(a) values for the D of their habitat. By contrast, the longer-lived Douglas-fir trees were more conservative in water-use with lower c(i)/c(a) values relative to their habitat D. This illustrates the interaction between biological and environmental characteristics influencing ecosystem-level WUE. The strong correlation we observed between the two independent measurements of WUE, indicates that the stable isotope composition of respired CO2 is a useful ecosystem-scale tool to help study constraints to photosynthesis and acclimation of ecosystems to environmental stress. |
| Address |
Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada, Email: larry.flanagan@uleth.ca |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1354-1013 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000234974900013 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
226 |
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| Author |
Hardy, O.J.; Maggia, L.; Bandou, E.; Breyne, P.; Caron, H.; Chevallier, M.H.; Doligez, A.; Dutech, C.; Kremer, A.; Latouche-Halle, C.; Troispoux, V.; Veron, V.; Degen, B. |
| Title |
Fine-scale genetic structure and gene dispersal inferences in 10 Neotropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
559-571 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; gene dispersal; seed dispersal; spatial genetic structure; tropical trees |
| Abstract |
The extent of gene dispersal is a fundamental factor of the population and evolutionary dynamics of tropical tree species, but directly monitoring seed and pollen movement is a difficult task. However, indirect estimates of historical gene dispersal can be obtained from the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of populations at drift-dispersal equilibrium. Using an approach that is based on the slope of the regression of pairwise kinship coefficients on spatial distance and estimates of the effective population density, we compare indirect gene dispersal estimates of sympatric populations of 10 tropical tree species. We re-analysed 26 data sets consisting of mapped allozyme, SSR (simple sequence repeat), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) or AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) genotypes from two rainforest sites in French Guiana. Gene dispersal estimates were obtained for at least one marker in each species, although the estimation procedure failed under insufficient marker polymorphism, limited sample size, or inappropriate sampling area. Estimates generally suffered low precision and were affected by assumptions regarding the effective population density. Averaging estimates over data sets, the extent of gene dispersal ranged from 150 m to 1200 m according to species. Smaller gene dispersal estimates were obtained in species with heavy diaspores, which are presumably not well dispersed, and in populations with high local adult density. We suggest that limited seed dispersal could indirectly limit effective pollen dispersal by creating higher local tree densities, thereby increasing the positive correlation between pollen and seed dispersal distances. We discuss the potential and limitations of our indirect estimation procedure and suggest guidelines for future studies. |
| Address |
Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Ecoethol Evolut, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Email: ohardy@ulb.ac.be |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0962-1083 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000235045500021 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
183 |
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| Author |
Herault, B.; Honnay, O. |
| Title |
Using life-history traits to achieve a functional classification of habitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Applied Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Veg. Sci. |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
73-80 |
| Keywords |
forest connectivity; functional group; habitat typology; land-use history; riverine forest; species functional unity |
| Abstract |
Question: To establish a habitat classification based on functional group co-occurrence that may help the drawing up of conservation plans. Location: Riverine forest fragments in the Grand-duche de Luxembourg, Europe. Methods: Forest fragments were surveyed for their abundance of vascular plants. These were clustered into emergent groups according to 14 life-traits related to plant dispersal, establishment and persistence. Forest fragments were classified according to similar distribution of the identified emergent groups. Environmental factors were related to the emergent group richness in each forest type using generalized linear models. Results: Contrary to former species centred classifications, only two groups of forests, each with clearly different emergent group composition and conservation requirements, were detected: (1) swamp forests characterized by anemogamous perennials, annuals and hydrochorous perennials and (2) moist forests characterized by barochorous perennials, small geophytes and zoochorous phanerophytes. From a conservation point of view, priority should be given to large swamp forest with intact flooding regimes. This is in accordance with the high wind and water dispersal capacities of their typical emergent groups. For the moist forests, conservation priorities should be high forest connectivity and historical continuity since dispersal and establishment of their characteristic emergent groups are highly limited. Conclusions: The described methodology, situated at an intermediate integration level between the individual species and whole community descriptors, takes advantage of both conservation plans built for single species and the synthetic power of broad ecological measures. |
| Address |
Univ Liege, Dept Environm Sci & Management, B-6700 Arlon, Belgium, Email: bruno.herault@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1402-2001 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000245934700009 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
218 |
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| Author |
Maron, P.A.; Schimann, H.; Ranjard, L.; Brothier, E.; Domenach, A.M.; Lensi, R.; Nazaret, S. |
| Title |
Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative recovery of bacterial communities from different soil types by density gradient centrifugation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
European Journal of Soil Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Soil Biol. |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
65-73 |
| Keywords |
bacterial community; soil; density gradient; DNA fingerprint |
| Abstract |
Extracting and purifying a representative fraction of bacteria from soil is necessary for the application of many techniques of microbial ecology. Here the influence of different soil types on the quantitative and qualitative recovery of bacteria by soil grinding and Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation was investigated. Three soils presenting contrasted physicochemical characteristics were used for this study. For each soil, the total (AODC: acridine orange direct count) and culturable (cfa: colony-forming units) bacterial densities were measured in three distinct fractions: (i) the primary soil, (ii) the soil pellet (soil remaining after centrifugation), and (iii) the extracted cells. The automated-ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (A-RISA) was used to characterize the community structure directly from the DNA extracted from each fraction. The physicochemical characteristics of soils were found to influence both the efficiency of bacterial cell recovery and the representativeness of the extracted cells in term of community structures between the different fractions. Surprisingly, the most representative extracted cells were obtained from the soil exhibiting the lowest efficiency of cell recovery. Our results demonstrated that quantitative and qualitative cell recovery using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation are not necessarily related and could be differentially biased according to soil type. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, Ctr Microbial Ecol, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France, Email: nazaret@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1164-5563 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000238534500001 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
181 |
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| Author |
Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; Fournier, M.; Ennos, A.R.; Barfod, A.S. |
| Title |
Changes in vessel anatomy in response to mechanical loading in six species of tropical trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
| Volume |
176 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
610-622 |
| Keywords |
hydraulic architecture; hydraulic-mechanical trade-off; mechanical adaptation; rooting morphology; tropical trees; vascular anatomy |
| Abstract |
It is well known that trees adapt their supportive tissues to changes in loading conditions, yet little is known about how the vascular anatomy is modified in this process. We investigated this by comparing more and less mechanically loaded sections in six species of tropical trees with two different rooting morphologies. We measured the strain, vessel size, frequency and area fraction and from this calculated the specific conductivity, then measured the conductivity, modulus of elasticity and yield stress. The smallest vessels and the lowest vessel frequency were found in the parts of the trees subjected to the greatest stresses or strains. The specific conductivity varied up to two orders of magnitude between mechanically loaded and mechanically unimportant parts of the root system. A trade-off between conductivity and stiffness or strength was revealed, which suggests that anatomical alterations occur in response to mechanical strain. By contrast, between-tree comparisons showed that average anatomical features for the whole tree seemed more closely related to their ecological strategy. |
| Address |
Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England, Email: karen@cd-mail.dk |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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| ISSN |
0028-646X |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000250275000013 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
156 |
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