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| Author | Bourreau, D.; Aimene, Y.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, B. | ||||
| Title | Feasibility of glued laminated timber beams with tropical hardwoods | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | Abbreviated Journal | Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. |
| Volume | 71 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 653-662 |
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| Abstract | A feasibility study of glulam was carried out in French Guiana using local wood species. The aim was to determine gluing parameters affording satisfactory behaviour to manufactured glulam in a tropical climate. Three abundant wood species, with special properties, were selected for the study and resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde resin was used for bonding. Three industrial parameters were considered: adhesive spread rate, closed assembly time and gluing pressure. Delamination and shearing tests were carried out in accordance with European Standards. The tests revealed the influence of wood properties and manufacturing parameters on joint resistance. In fact, the results showed that specific gravity and the shrinkage coefficient greatly influenced the gluing step. Indeed, wood with a medium specific gravity needed more adhesive and more pressure than wood with a high specific gravity. In addition, planing and lamella thickness were found to affect glue joint resistance. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. | ||||
Address  |
CNRS-LMGC Université de Montpellier2, 34095 Montpellier, France | ||||
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| ISSN | 00183768 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Export Date: 30 August 2013; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1007/s00107-013-0721-4; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bourreau, D.; UAG-UMR Ecofog, Pôle Universitaire Guyanais, 97337 Cayenne cedex, French Guiana; email: dbourreau@nancy.inra.fr | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 497 | ||
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| Author | Rodrigues, A.M.; Amusant, N.; Beauchene, J.; Eparvier, V.; Lemenager, N.; Baudasse, C.; Espindola, L.S.; Stien, D. | ||||
| Title | The termiticidal activity of Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae) extract and its active constituent rubrynolide | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Pest Management Science | Abbreviated Journal | Pest Manage. Sci. |
| Volume | 67 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1420-1423 |
| Keywords | Nasutitermes macrocephalus; Reticulitermes flavipes; Rubrynolide; Sextonia rubra extract; Wood preservation | ||||
| Abstract | Termites are degradation agents that inflict severe damage on wood. Some long-lasting Amazonian trees can resist these insects by producing toxic secondary metabolites. These metabolites could potentially replace synthetic termiticidal products which are becoming more restricted to use. Results: Sextonia rubra is resistant to termite-induced degradation. It has been demonstrated that this species naturally produces an ethyl-acetate-soluble termiticidal metabolite, rubrynolide, to protect its wood. Assays in the presence of tropical and invasive termites established that both rubrynolide and crude ethyl acetate extract from S. rubra wood can be used as a treatment for the protection of sensitive woods against termites. Conclusion: Rubrynolide and S. rubra extract are promising candidates for the replacement of synthetic termiticides. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS-Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France | ||||
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| ISSN | 1526498x (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pmscf; doi: 10.1002/ps.2167; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rodrigues, A.M.; UMR Ecofog, Institut d'Enseignement Supérieur de la Guyane, BP792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, France; email: alice.rodrigues@pop.com.br | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 362 | ||
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| Author | Coté, G.G.; Gibernau, M. | ||||
| Title | Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in floral organs of araceae in relation to pollination strategy | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | American Journal of Botany | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Bot. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1231-1242 |
| Keywords | Araceae; Beetles; Calcium oxalate; Crystal; Defense; Flowers; Herbivory; Pollination | ||||
| Abstract | Premise of the study: Many flowers are pollinated by potentially hungry insects, yet flowers also contain gametes and embryos which must be protected from predation. Microscopic calcium oxalate crystals in plant tissues have been proposed to protect against herbivory. Aroids, which have an unusual diversity of such crystals, also exhibit diverse pollination strategies. Many species have pollinators that do not feed while visiting the flowers, while other species, especially those pollinated by beetles, offer sterile staminodia as food rewards. We examined flowers of 21 aroid species with various pollination strategies to test the hypothesis that crystals protect vital gametes and embryos while allowing consumption of food bribes.Methods: Aroid inflorescences collected from the field or from greenhouse material were sectioned, cleared, and examined by bright field and polarization microscopy.Key results: All species examined, regardless of pollination strategy, arrayed crystals around unshed pollen and ovules. Less vital tissues, such as odoriferous appendages, had few crystals. Staminodia offered as food to beetle pollinators, however, differed greatly between species in their crystal contents. Some had minimal crystals; some had crystals in patterns suggesting they limit beetle feeding; still others had abundant crystals in no obvious pattern.Conclusions: The results are consistent with crystals protecting against insect predation of gametes and embryos. However, the role of crystals in food-bribe staminodia is unclear. They may limit and direct feeding by beetles in some species, while in others they might have no protective role. © 2012 Botanical Society of America. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS-Ecolog (UMR 8172), Campus Agronomique BP316, Korou cedex 97379, France | ||||
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| ISSN | 00029122 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Export Date: 10 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ajboa; doi: 10.3732/ajb.1100499; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Coté, G. G.; Biology Department, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142-6931, United States; email: gcote@radford.edu | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 420 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Fournier, M.; Dlouhá, J.; Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T. | ||||
| Title | Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: Beyond wood density and strength | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Botany | Abbreviated Journal | J. Exp. Bot. |
| Volume | 64 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 4793-4815 |
| Keywords | Biomechanics; Ecological strategy; Gravitropism; Shape; Size; Trees; Wood | ||||
| Abstract | Functional ecology has long considered the support function as important, but its biomechanical complexity is only just being elucidated. We show here that it can be described on the basis of four biomechanical traits, two safety traits against winds and self-buckling, and two motricity traits involved in sustaining an upright position, tropic motion velocity (MV) and posture control (PC). All these traits are integrated at the tree scale, combining tree size and shape together with wood properties. The assumption of trait constancy has been used to derive allometric scaling laws, but it was more recently found that observing their variations among environments and functional groups, or during ontogeny, provides more insights into adaptive syndromes of tree shape and wood properties. However, oversimpli-fed expressions have often been used, possibly concealing key adaptive drivers. An extreme case of oversimplification is the use of wood basic density as a proxy for safety. Actually, as wood density is involved in stiffiness, loads, and construction costs, the impact of its variations on safety is non-trivial. Moreover, other wood features, especially the microfibril angle (MFA), are also involved. Furthermore, wood is not only stiff and strong, but it also acts as a motor for MV and PC. The relevant wood trait for this is maturation strain asymmetry. Maturation strains vary with cell-wall characteristics such as MFA, rather than with wood density. Finally, the need for further studies about the ecological relevance of branching patterns, motricity traits, and growth responses to mechanical loads is discussed. © The Author 2013. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS, Université de Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, 34095 Montpellier, France | ||||
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| ISSN | 00220957 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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From SilviScan measurements (2006) Holzforschung, 60, pp. 574-579; Yang, J.L., Evans, R., Prediction of MOE of eucalypt wood from microfibril angle and density (2003) Holz Als Roh und Werkstoff, 61, pp. 449-452; Yoshida, M., Okuyama, T., Techniques for measuring growth stress on the xylem surface using strain and dial gauges (2002) Holzforschung, 56, pp. 461-467; Zhang, S.-B., Slik, J.W.F., Zhang, J.-L., Cao, K.-F., Spatial patterns of wood traits in China are controlled by phylogeny and the environment (2011) Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, pp. 241-250 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 513 | ||
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| Author | Leguet, A.; Gibernau, M.; Shintu, L.; Caldarelli, S.; Moja, S.; Baudino, S.; Caissard, J.-C. | ||||
| Title | Evidence for early intracellular accumulation of volatile compounds during spadix development in Arum italicum L. and preliminary data on some tropical Aroids | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Naturwissenschaften | Abbreviated Journal | Naturwissenschaften |
| Volume | 101 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 623-635 |
| Keywords | Araceae; Cytochemistry; Gas chromatography; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Volatile compounds | ||||
| Abstract | Staining and histochemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed at different inflorescence developmental stages on nine aroid species; one temperate, Arum italicum and eight tropical from the genera Caladium, Dieffenbachia and Philodendron. Moreover, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs constituting the scent of A. italicum, depending on the stage of development of inflorescences was also conducted. In all nine species, vesicles were observed in the conical cells of either the appendix or the stamens (thecae) and the staminodes. VOCs were localised in intracellular vesicles from the early stages of inflorescence development until their release during receptivity of gynoecium. This localisation was observed by the increase of both number and diameter of the vesicles during 1 week before receptivity. Afterwards, vesicles were fewer and smaller but rarely absent. In A. italicum, staining and gas chromatography analyses confirmed that the vesicles contained terpenes. The quantitatively most important ones were the sesquiterpenes, but monoterpenes were not negligible. Indeed, the quantities of terpenes matched the vesicles' size evolution during 1 week. Furthermore, VOCs from different biosynthetic pathways (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) were at their maximum quantity 2 days before gynoecium receptivity (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) or during receptivity (isobutylamine, monoterpenes, skatole and p-cresol). VOCs seemed to be emitted during gynoecium receptivity and/or during thermogenesis, and FADs are accumulated after thermogenesis in the spadix. These complex dynamics of the different VOCs could indicate specialisation of some VOCs and cell machinery to attract pollinators on the one hand and to repulse/protect against phytophagous organisms and pathogens after pollination on the other hand. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS, UMR-6134 SPE, 20000 Ajaccio, France | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 00281042 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Export Date: 1 September 2014; Coden: Natwa; Correspondence Address: Gibernau, M.; CNRS, UMR-6134 SPE, 20000 Ajaccio, France; email: gibernau@univ-corse.fr | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 558 | ||
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| Author | Morel, H.; Mangenet, T.; Beauchene, J.; Ruelle, J.; Nicolini, E.; Heuret, P.; Thibaut, B. | ||||
| Title | Seasonal variations in phenological traits: leaf shedding and cambial activity in Parkia nitida Miq. and Parkia velutina Benoist (Fabaceae) in tropical rainforest | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Trees – Structure and Function | Abbreviated Journal | Trees – Structure and Function |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 973-984 |
| Keywords | Cambial activity; Climate; French Guiana; Leaf shedding pattern; Tropical rainforest | ||||
| Abstract | Key message: In French Guiana, the leaf and cambium phenologies should not be considered only as exogenous-driven processes, as the dry season, but also as endogenous-driven, as tree development stage. Abstract: Studies of the periodicity of wood formation provide essential data on tree age and on factors that control tree growth. The aim of this work was to investigate cambial phenology and its relation with leaf phenology and climatic seasonality in two briefly deciduous tropical rainforest species belonging to the genus Parkia. Wood microcores were collected every 15 days from April 2009 to February 2012 from five trees of each species. The microcores were stained with cresyl violet acetate to facilitate counting the number of cells in the cambial zone, in the radial enlargement zone and wall-thickening zone. At the same time, we observed leaf shedding pattern in the crown of the same trees. In both species, cambial activity was significantly reduced during the leafless period. In P. nitida, these two concomitant events were observed during the dry season whereas in P. velutina they can occur anytime in the year with no apparent link with seasonality. In conclusion, the period of reduced cambial activity in some tropical rainforest trees may be independent of rainfall seasonality and not necessarily follow an annual cycle. It appears that leaf phenology is a good proxy to estimate cambial activity. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS, UMR Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil de Montpellier, Montpellier, France | ||||
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| Notes | Export Date: 16 July 2015 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 610 | ||
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| Author | Houadria, M.; Blüthgen, N.; Salas-Lopez, A.; Schmitt, M.-I.; Arndt, J.; Schneider, E.; Orivel, J.; Menzel, F. | ||||
| Title | The relation between circadian asynchrony, functional redundancy, and trophic performance in tropical ant communities | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Ecology |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 225-235 |
| Keywords | Diel turnover; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity; Multifunctional redundancy; Sampling effect; Temporal partitioning; Tropical rain forests | ||||
| Abstract | The diversity-stability relationship has been under intense scrutiny for the past decades, and temporal asynchrony is recognized as an important aspect of ecosystem stability. In contrast to relatively well- studied interannual and seasonal asynchrony, few studies investigate the role of circadian cycles for ecosystem stability. Here, we studied multifunctional redundancy of diurnal and nocturnal ant communities in four tropical rain forest sites. We analyzed how it was influenced by species richness, functional performance, and circadian asynchrony. In two neotropical sites, species richness and functional redundancy were lower at night. In contrast, these parameters did not differ in the two paleotropical sites we studied. Circadian asynchrony between species was pronounced in the neotropical sites, and increased circadian functional redundancy. In general, species richness positively affected functional redundancy, but the effect size depended on the temporal and spatial breadth of the species with highest functional performance. Our analysis shows that high levels of trophic performance were only reached through the presence of such high- performing species, but not by even contributions of multiple, less- efficient species. Thus, these species can increase current functional performance, but reduce overall functional redundancy. Our study highlights that diurnal and nocturnal ecosystem properties of the very same habitat can markedly differ in terms of species richness and functional redundancy. Consequently, like the need to study multiple ecosystem functions, multiple periods of the circadian cycle need to be assessed in order to fully understand the diversity- stability relationship in an ecosystem. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, Kourou Cedex, France | ||||
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| Notes | Export Date: 17 February 2016 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 664 | ||
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| Author | Ménard, L.; McKey, D.; Mühlen, G.S.; Clair, B.; Rowe, N.P. | ||||
| Title | The Evolutionary Fate of Phenotypic Plasticity and Functional Traits under Domestication in Manioc: Changes in Stem Biomechanics and the Appearance of Stem Brittleness | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | PLoS ONE | Abbreviated Journal | PLoS ONE |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 9 | Pages | e74727 |
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| Abstract | Domestication can influence many functional traits in plants, from overall life-history and growth form to wood density and cell wall ultrastructure. Such changes can increase fitness of the domesticate in agricultural environments but may negatively affect survival in the wild. We studied effects of domestication on stem biomechanics in manioc by comparing domesticated and ancestral wild taxa from two different regions of greater Amazonia. We compared mechanical properties, tissue organisation and wood characteristics including microfibril angles in both wild and domesticated plants, each growing in two different habitats (forest or savannah) and varying in growth form (shrub or liana). Wild taxa grew as shrubs in open savannah but as lianas in overgrown and forested habitats. Growth form plasticity was retained in domesticated manioc. However, stems of the domesticate showed brittle failure. Wild plants differed in mechanical architecture between shrub and liana phenotypes, a difference that diminished between shrubs and lianas of the domesticate. Stems of wild plants were generally stiffer, failed at higher bending stresses and were less prone to brittle fracture compared with shrub and liana phenotypes of the domesticate. Biomechanical differences between stems of wild and domesticated plants were mainly due to changes in wood density and cellulose microfibril angle rather than changes in secondary growth or tissue geometry. Domestication did not significantly modify “large-scale” trait development or growth form plasticity, since both wild and domesticated manioc can develop as shrubs or lianas. However, “finer-scale” developmental traits crucial to mechanical stability and thus ecological success of the plant were significantly modified. This profoundly influenced the likelihood of brittle failure, particularly in long climbing stems, thereby also influencing the survival of the domesticate in natural situations vulnerable to mechanical perturbation. We discuss the different selective pressures that could explain evolutionary modifications of stem biomechanical properties under domestication in manioc. © 2013 Ménard et al. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana | ||||
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| ISSN | 19326203 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Export Date: 13 September 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e74727; Coden: Polnc; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074727; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rowe, N. P.; Université Montpellier 2, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; email: nrowe@cirad.fr | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 503 | ||
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| Author | Chang, S.-S.; Quignard, F.; Alméras, T.; Clair, B. | ||||
| Title | Mesoporosity changes from cambium to mature tension wood: A new step toward the understanding of maturation stress generation in trees | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | New Phytologist | Abbreviated Journal | New Phytologist |
| Volume | 205 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1277-1287 |
| Keywords | Cell wall maturation; Maturation stress; Mesoporosity; Poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra); Tension wood | ||||
| Abstract | In order to progress in the understanding of mechanical stress generation, the mesoporosity of the cell wall and its changes during maturation of poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) tension wood (TW) and opposite wood (OW) were measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Variations in the thickness of the gelatinous layer (G-layer) were also measured to clarify whether the mesoporosity change simultaneously with the deposition of the G-layer in TW. Results show that mesoporous structures of TW and OW were very similar in early development stages before the deposition of G-layers. With the formation of the S2 layer in OW and the G-layer in TW, the mesopore volume decreased steeply before lignification. However, in TW only, the decrease in mesopore volume occurred together with the pore shape change and a progressive increase in pore size. The different patterns observed in TW revealed that pores from G-layers appear with a different shape compared to those of the compound middle lamella, and their size increases during the maturation process until stabilising in mature wood. This observation strongly supports the hypothesis of the swelling of the G-layer matrix during maturation as the origin of maturation stress in poplar tension wood. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701Kourou, France | ||||
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| Notes | Export Date: 28 January 2015 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 581 | ||
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| Author | Roussel, J.-R.; Clair, B. | ||||
| Title | Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer in Simarouba tension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Tree Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Tree Physiology |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 1366-1377 |
| Keywords | maturation stress generation; ontogeny; Simarouba amara Aubl.; tension wood cell wall; tree biomechanics | ||||
| Abstract | To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce 'tension wood' allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara Aubl. trees – a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells. © 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. | ||||
| Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701, Kourou, France | ||||
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| Notes | Export Date: 25 March 2016 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | EcoFoG @ webmaster @ | Serial | 672 | ||
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