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Perrin, A.-S.; Fujisaki, K.; Petitjean, C.; Sarrazin, M.; Godet, M.; Garric, B.; Horth, J.-C.; Balbino, L.C.; Filho, A.S.; de Almeida Machado, P.L.O.; Brossard, M. |
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Title |
Conversion of forest to agriculture in Amazonia with the chop-and-mulch method: Does it improve the soil carbon stock? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. |
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Volume |
184 |
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Pages |
101-114 |
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Annual crops; Brachiaria; Deforestation; Fire-free; French Guiana; No-tillage |
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Abstract  |
Fire-free forest conversion with organic inputs as an alternative to slash-and-burn could improve agro-ecosystem sustainability. We assessed soil carbon mass changes in a sandy-clayey and well-drained soil in French Guiana after forest clearing by the chop-and-mulch method and crop establishment. At the experimental site of Combi, native forest was cut down in October 2008; woody biomass was chopped and incorporated into the top 20cm of soil. After about one year of legume and grass cover, three forms of land management were compared: grassland (Urochloa ruziziensis), maize/soybean crop rotation with disk tillage and in direct seeding without tillage. There were four replicates. We measured 14.16kgm-2 of carbon in 2mm-sieved soil down to 2m depth for the initial forest. Forest clearing did not induce significant soil compaction; neither did any specific agricultural practice. In converted soils, C stocks were measured in the 0-30cm layer after each crop for three years. Carbon mass changes for soil fractions <2mm (soil C stock) and >2mm (soil C pool) in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30cm soil layers were assessed on an equivalent soil mass basis. One year and 1.5 years after deforestation, higher C stocks (+0.64 to 1.16kgCm-2yr-1) and C pools (+0.52 to 0.90kgCm-2yr-1) were measured in converted soils, compared to those of the forest into the top 30cm of soil. However, the masses of carbon in these converted soils declined later. The highest rates of carbon decrease were measured between 1.5 and 2 years after forest conversion in the <2mm soil fraction, from 0.46kgCm-2yr-1 (in grassland soils) to 0.71kgCm-2yr-1 (in cropland under no tillage). The carbon pool declined during the third year at rates of 0.41kgCm-2yr-1 (cropland under disk tillage) to 0.76kgCm-2yr-1 (grassland soils). Three years after forest conversion, C masses in the top 30cm of soils for grassland showed similar values than for forest. In comparison, the carbon stock in cropped soils managed under no tillage in direct seeding (without mulch) was significantly 17% and 16% lower than in forest and grassland soils, respectively. None of the studied agricultural practices succeeded in accumulating carbon from the chopped forest biomass. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. |
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EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijao, Cx Postal 179, CEP 75375-000 Santo Antonio de Goias, GO, Brazil |
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01678809 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 January 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Aeend; doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.11.009 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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521 |
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Rockwell, C.A.; Kainer, K.A.; Staudhammer, C.L.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Future crop tree damage in a certified community forest in southwestern Amazonia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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Volume |
242 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
108-118 |
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Keywords |
bamboo; community forest management; forest certification; Guadua; liana; marking; reduced-impact logging; RIL; timber management; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
Field studies in Acre, Brazil assessed logging impacts of a certified community timber management project. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to determine if damage incidence to future crop trees (FCTs; >= 20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) differs between (a) forest with and without bamboo (Guadua spp.), and (b) trees with and without lianas; (2) to what extent harvesting can be conducted more intensely (m(3)ha(-1)), without incurring greater FCT damage; and (3) to what extent marking diminishes FCT damage. Full inventories of FCTs of 50 commercial species complexes were conducted before and after logging in 50 m-radius zones of impact around each designated harvest tree in three 10 ha (200 m x 500 m) logging blocks. We also mapped all forested areas potentially influenced by logging, including skid trails, log landings and felling gaps, throughout the 30 ha logged. More than 28% of the forest area was disturbed by logging, with 12.1% in skid trails and 16.8% in gap clearings, indicating that the forest gap mosaic can be significantly altered even when reduced-impact logging guidelines are followed. Overall, 15% of FCTs inventoried were damaged. Damage rates were not significantly reduced by marking treatment, location in bamboo-dominated forest, or liana load on FCT damage. Harvest intensity did not influence the probability of FCT damage. For future studies, it would be prudent to address impacts of timber extraction on other livelihood activities, such as non-timber forest product collection, particularly in such regions as the Brazilian Amazon, where many communities are attempting to integrate a suite of income-generating activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, Email: crockwel@ufl.edu |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0378-1127 |
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ISI:000246268100003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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217 |
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Ruelle, J.; Yamamoto, H.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Growth Stresses and Cellulose Structural Parameters in Tension and Normal Wood from Three Tropical Rainforest Angiosperm Species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
BioResources |
Abbreviated Journal |
BioResources |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
235-251 |
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Keywords |
Cellulose; Microfibril angle; Crystallite size; Tension wood; Tropical rainforest; Growth stresses |
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Abstract |
Few studies have been conducted about relation between cellulose parameters and biomechanical properties of wood in tropical angiosperms species. For this purpose, on 13 trees from 3 species of French Guyana tropical rainforest in a clear active process of restoring verticality, i) growth strains were measured in situ in order to determine the occurrence of tension wood within samples and ii) cellulose structural parameters were estimated on all the samples using X-ray diffraction method. Crystallite size was estimated from the full-width at half-maximum of the Miller index (002) arc diffraction and angle T was measured following Cave's method. Relationships between these parameters and growth stresses were good and the variations between normal and tension wood were significant, i. e. a lower angle T and a larger crystallite size in tension wood. In order to have a good estimation of the microfibril angle in the main layer of the secondary wall for each species, an experimental calibration was done between angle T and microfibril angle observed with scanning electron microscopy. |
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[Ruelle, Julien; Thibaut, Bernard] UMR EcoFoG, Kourou 97387, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr |
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NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI |
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1930-2126 |
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ISI:000263689300009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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122 |
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Royer, M.; Rodrigues, A.M.S.; Herbette, G.; Beauchene, J.; Chevalier, M.; Herault, B.; Thibaut, B.; Stien, D. |
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Title |
Efficacy of Bagassa guianensis Aubl. extract against wood decay and human pathogenic fungi |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
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Pages |
55-59 |
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Keywords |
Antifungal; Bagassa guianensis; Extractives; Natural durability; Polyphenols; Synergy |
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Abstract |
Extractives that provide natural resistance to Bagassa guianensis Aubl. heartwood were examined. Soil-bed tests showed that the B. guianensis heartwood resistance was significantly reduced after ethyl acetate extraction, whereas methanol and especially water extractions improved the resistance. The ethyl acetate extract was submitted to a bioguided fractionation, and fractions were tested against one wood-destroying fungal strain (Pycnoporus sanguineus) and two human pathogenic fungal strains (Candida glabrata (yeast) and Trichophyton rubrum (filamentous dermatophyte)). Fraction F7, which exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, was subsequently fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Six previously described compounds were isolated. Although the two moracins, 6-O-methyl-moracin N (3) and moracin N (4) were the most active against fungal strains with MIC values between 4 and 16 μg ml -1, the isolated compounds showed less or equivalent antifungal activity than the initial fraction. Possible synergism between compounds 3 and 4 and other secondary metabolites have been hypothesized. Our study demonstrated that this extract as a whole might be used as a wood preservation or antimycotic product. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
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CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France |
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09648305 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 May 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ibbie; doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.10.016; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Royer, M.; Centre de recherche sur le bois, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, 2425, rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; email: mariana.royer.1@ulaval.ca |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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398 |
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Author |
Bremaud, I.; Amusant, N.; Minato, K.; Gril, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Effect of extractives on vibrational properties of African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Wood Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wood Sci. Technol. |
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45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
461-472 |
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Abstract |
Extractives can affect the vibrational properties tan delta (damping coefficient) and E'/rho (specific Young's modulus), but this is highly dependent on species, compounds, and cellular locations. This paper investigates such effects for African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.), a tropical hardwood with high extractives content and a preferred material for xylophones. Five groups of 26 heartwood specimens with large, yet comparable, ranges in vibrational properties were extracted in different solvents. Changes in vibrational properties were set against yields of extracts and evaluation of their cellular location. Methanol (ME) reached most of the compounds (13%), located about half in lumen and half in cell-wall. Water solubility was extremely low. tan delta and E'/rho were very strongly related (R (2) a parts per thousand yen 0.93), but native wood had abnormally low values of tan delta, while extraction shifted this relation towards higher tan delta values. ME extracted heartwood became in agreement with the average of many species, and close to sapwood. Extractions increased tan delta as much as 60%, irrespective of minute moisture changes or initial properties. Apparent E'/rho was barely changed (+2% to -4%) but, after correcting the mass contribution of extracts, it was in fact slightly reduced (down to -10% for high E'/rho), and increasingly so for specimens with low initial values of E'/rho. |
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Address |
[Bremaud, I; Minato, K] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Lab Forest Resource Circulating Circles, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Kyoto 6068522, Japan, Email: iris_bremaud@hotmail.com |
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Springer |
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ISSN |
0043-7719 |
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Notes |
WOS:000292550700005 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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329 |
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Author |
Maron, P.A.; Schimann, H.; Ranjard, L.; Brothier, E.; Domenach, A.M.; Lensi, R.; Nazaret, S. |
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Title |
Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative recovery of bacterial communities from different soil types by density gradient centrifugation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
European Journal of Soil Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Soil Biol. |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
65-73 |
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Keywords |
bacterial community; soil; density gradient; DNA fingerprint |
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Abstract |
Extracting and purifying a representative fraction of bacteria from soil is necessary for the application of many techniques of microbial ecology. Here the influence of different soil types on the quantitative and qualitative recovery of bacteria by soil grinding and Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation was investigated. Three soils presenting contrasted physicochemical characteristics were used for this study. For each soil, the total (AODC: acridine orange direct count) and culturable (cfa: colony-forming units) bacterial densities were measured in three distinct fractions: (i) the primary soil, (ii) the soil pellet (soil remaining after centrifugation), and (iii) the extracted cells. The automated-ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (A-RISA) was used to characterize the community structure directly from the DNA extracted from each fraction. The physicochemical characteristics of soils were found to influence both the efficiency of bacterial cell recovery and the representativeness of the extracted cells in term of community structures between the different fractions. Surprisingly, the most representative extracted cells were obtained from the soil exhibiting the lowest efficiency of cell recovery. Our results demonstrated that quantitative and qualitative cell recovery using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation are not necessarily related and could be differentially biased according to soil type. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. |
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Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, Ctr Microbial Ecol, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France, Email: nazaret@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1164-5563 |
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ISI:000238534500001 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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181 |
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Bleron, L.; Duchanois, G.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Characteristic properties of embedding strength for the nailing of the gonfolio rose (Qualea rosea Aubl.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
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62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
86-90 |
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Keywords |
embedding strength; Eurocode V; nail |
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Experimental results are presented with single nail joints of gonfolo rose which were loaded at different grain angles and compared to results obtained by Eurocode V. A wide range of embedding strength tests was conducted. The embedding behaviour across the grain was also investigated with a specific test apparatus. The results were analysed and modelled in terms of strength. Initial loading and unloading stiffness of the timber have been taken into account. The embedment strength of the nails varied according to the angle between the direction of loading and that to the grain. This work is part of a larger research project to establish a computer program for the prediction of stiffness and limit strengths of all timber-to-timber and timber-to-steel joints. |
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Address |
[Bleron, Laurent] LABOMAP ENSAM, F-71250 Poret De Paris, Cluny, France, Email: laurent.bleron@cluny.ensam.fr |
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WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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0018-3830 |
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ISI:000252041400013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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144 |
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Rey, O.; Estoup, A.; Vonshak, M.; Loiseau, A.; Blanchet, S.; Calcaterra, L.; Chifflet, L.; Rossi, J.-P.; Kergoat, G.J.; Foucaud, J.; Orivel, J.; Leponce, M.; Schultz, T.; Facon, B. |
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Title |
Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion? A multidisciplinary approach to unravelling cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean area |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Lett. |
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15 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1266-1275 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation; Biological invasion; Climatic niche shift; Cold temperature; Mediterranean zone; Wasmannia auropunctata |
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Abstract |
Evolution may improve the invasiveness of populations, but it often remains unclear whether key adaptation events occur after introduction into the recipient habitat (i.e. post-introduction adaptation scenario), or before introduction within the native range (i.e. prior-adaptation scenario) or at a primary site of invasion (i.e. bridgehead scenario). We used a multidisciplinary approach to determine which of these three scenarios underlies the invasion of the tropical ant Wasmannia auropunctata in a Mediterranean region (i.e. Israel). Species distribution models (SDM), phylogeographical analyses at a broad geographical scale and laboratory experiments on appropriate native and invasive populations indicated that Israeli populations followed an invasion scenario in which adaptation to cold occurred at the southern limit of the native range before dispersal to Israel. We discuss the usefulness of combining SDM, genetic and experimental approaches for unambiguous determination of eco-evolutionary invasion scenarios. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS. |
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Address |
Smithsonian Institute, Department of Entomology, Natural Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, United States |
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1461023x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 19 October 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Eclef; doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01849.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rey, O.; INRA, UMR1062, CBGP, Montpellier, France; email: olivier.rey.1@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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441 |
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Author |
Delph, L.F.; Arntz, A.M.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
The Genomic Architecture of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Plant Silene Latifolia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2873-2886 |
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Keywords |
Artificial selection; genetic correlations; linkage map; sex-specific expression; sexual conflict |
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Abstract |
Evaluating the genetic architecture of sexual dimorphism can aid our understanding of the extent to which shared genetic control of trait variation versus sex-specific control impacts the evolutionary dynamics of phenotypic change within each sex. We performed a QTL analysis on Silene latifolia to evaluate the contribution of sex-specific QTL to phenotypic variation in 46 traits, whether traits involved in trade-offs had colocalized QTL, and whether the distribution of sex-specific loci can explain differences between the sexes in their variance/covariance matrices. We used a backcross generation derived from two artificial-selection lines. We found that sex-specific QTL explained a significantly greater percent of the variation in sexually dimorphic traits than loci expressed in both sexes. Genetically correlated traits often had colocalized QTL, whose signs were in the expected direction. Lastly, traits with different genetic correlations within the sexes displayed a disproportionately high number of sex-specific QTL, and more QTL co-occurred in males than females, suggesting greater trait integration. These results show that sex differences in QTL patterns are congruent with theory on the resolution of sexual conflict and differences based on G-matrix results. They also suggest that trade-offs and trait integration are likely to affect males more than females. |
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[Delph, Lynda F.; Arntz, A. Michele; Scotti, Ivan] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA, Email: ldelph@indiana.edu |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0014-3820 |
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ISI:000282573800006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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31 |
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Lalague, H.; Csilléry, K.; Oddou-Muratorio, S.; Safrana, J.; de Quattro, C.; Fady, B.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Vendramin, G.G. |
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Title |
Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium at 58 stress response and phenology candidate genes in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) population from southeastern France |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics and Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genetics and Genomes |
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10 |
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1 |
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15-26 |
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Climate adaptation; Effective population size; Forest tree; Genomic diversity; Minor allele frequency (MAF); Recombination rate; Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) |
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Abstract |
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most economically and ecologically important deciduous trees in Europe, yet little is known about its genomic diversity and its adaptive potential. Here, we detail the discovery and analysis of 573 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 58 candidate gene fragments that are potentially involved in abiotic stress response and budburst phenology using a panel of 96 individuals from southeastern France. The mean nucleotide diversity was low (θ π = 2.2 × 10-3) but extremely variable among gene fragments (range from 0.02 to 10), with genes carrying insertion/deletion mutations exhibiting significantly higher diversity. The decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured at gene fragments >800 base pairs was moderate (the half distance of r 2 was 154 bp), consistent with the low average population-scaled recombination rate (ρ = 5.4 × 10-3). Overall, the population-scaled recombination rate estimated in F. sylvatica was lower than for other angiosperm tree genera (such as Quercus or Populus) and similar to conifers. As a methodological perspective, we explored the effect of minimum allele frequency (MAF) on LD and showed that higher MAF resulted in slower decay of LD. It is thus essential that the same MAF is used when comparing the decay of LD among different studies and species. Our results suggest that genome-wide association mapping can be a potentially efficient approach in F. sylvatica, which has a relatively small genome size. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Forest Research Centre (CIFOR), 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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Notes |
Cited By :1; Export Date: 13 January 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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578 |
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