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Ghislain, B.; Nicolini, E.-A.; Romain, R.; Ruelle, J.; Yoshinaga, A.; Alford, M.H.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
Multilayered structure of tension wood cell walls in Salicaceae sensu lato and its taxonomic significance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bot. J. Linn. Soc. |
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Volume |
182 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
744-756 |
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Keywords |
Flacourtiaceae; G-layer; multilayered tension wood; reaction wood |
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Abstract  |
Salicaceae have been enlarged to include a majority of the species formerly placed in the polyphyletic tropical Flacourtiaceae. Several studies have reported a peculiar and infrequently formed multilayered structure of tension wood in four of the tropical genera. Tension wood is a tissue produced by trees to restore their vertical orientation and most studies have focused on trees developing tension wood by means of cellulose-rich, gelatinous fibres, as in Populus and Salix (Salicaceae s.s.). This study aims to determine if the multilayered structure of tension wood is an anatomical characteristic common in other Salicaceae and, if so, how its distribution correlates to phylogenetic relationships. Therefore, we studied the tension wood of 14 genera of Salicaceae and two genera of Achariaceae, one genus of Goupiaceae and one genus of Lacistemataceae, families closely related to Salicaceae or formerly placed in Flacourtiaceae. Opposite wood and tension wood were compared with light microscopy and three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicate that a multilayered structure of tension wood is common in the family except in Salix, Populus and one of their closest relatives, Idesia polycarpa. We suggest that tension wood may be a useful anatomical character in understanding phylogenetic relationships in Salicaceae. Further investigation is still needed on the tension wood of several other putatively close relatives of Salix and Populus, in particular Bennettiodendron, Macrohasseltia and Itoa. |
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1095-8339 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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718 |
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Hofman, M.P.; Hayward, M.W.; Heim, M.; Marchand, P.; Rolandsen, C.M.; Mattisson, J.; Urbano, F.; Heurich, M.; Mysterud, A.; Melzheimer, J.; Morellet, N.; Voigt, U.; Allen, B.L.; Gehr, B.; Rouco, C.; Ullmann, W.; Holand, Ø.; Jørgensen, N.H.; Steinheim, G.; Cagnacci, F.; Kroeschel, M.; Kaczensky, P.; Buuveibaatar, B.; Payne, J.C.; Palmegiani, I.; Jerina, K.; Kjellander, P.; Johansson, Ö.; LaPoint, S.; Bayrakcismith, R.; Linnell, J.D.C.; Zaccaroni, M.; Jorge, M.L.S.; Oshima, J.E.F.; Songhurst, A.; Fischer, C.; Mc Bride, R.T., Jr.; Thompson, J.J.; Streif, S.; Sandfort, R.; Bonenfant, C.; Drouilly, M.; Klapproth, M.; Zinner, D.; Yarnell, R.; Stronza, A.; Wilmott, L.; Meisingset, E.; Thaker, M.; Vanak, A.T.; Nicoloso, S.; Graeber, R.; Said, S.; Boudreau, M.R.; Devlin, A.; Hoogesteijn, R.; May-Junior, J.A.; Nifong, J.C.; Odden, J.; Quigley, H.B.; Tortato, F.; Parker, D.M.; Caso, A.; Perrine, J.; Tellaeche, C.; Zieba, F.; Zwijacz-Kozica, T.; Appel, C.L.; Axsom, I.; Bean, W.T.; Cristescu, B.; Périquet, S.; Teichman, K.J.; Karpanty, S.; Licoppe, A.; Menges, V.; Black, K.; Scheppers, T.L.; Schai-Braun, S.C.; Azevedo, F.C.; Lemos, F.G.; Payne, A.; Swanepoel, L.H.; Weckworth, B.V.; Berger, A.; Bertassoni, A.; McCulloch, G.; Sustr, P.; Athreya, V.; Bockmuhl, D.; Casaer, J.; Ekori, A.; Melovski, D.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Van De Vyver, D.; Reyna-Hurtado, R.; Robardet, E.; Selva, N.; Sergiel, A.; Farhadinia, M.S.; Sunde, P.; Portas, R.; Ambarli, H.; Berzins, R.; Kappeler, P.M.; Mann, G.K.; Pyritz, L.; Bissett, C.; Grant, T.; Steinmetz, R.; Swedell, L.; Welch, R.J.; Armenteras, D.; Bidder, O.R.; González, T.M.; Rosenblatt, A.; Kachel, S.; Balkenhol, N. |
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Title |
Right on track? Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
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14 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e0216223 |
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Keywords |
article; nonhuman; telemetry; terrestrial species; wildlife |
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Abstract |
Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers. |
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South African National Parks, Scientific Services, Kimberley, South Africa |
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Public Library of Science |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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874 |
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Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Wagner, F.; Goret, J.-Y.; Bompy, F.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange of Tropical Canopy Trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
155-164 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; Photosynthesis; Predawn leaf water potential; Rain forest; Relative extractable water; Respiration; Soil drought; Transpiration |
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Seasonal variations in environmental conditions influence the functioning of the whole ecosystem of tropical rain forests, but as yet little is known about how such variations directly influence the leaf gas exchange and transpiration of individual canopy tree species. We examined the influence of seasonal variations in relative extractable water in the upper soil layers on predawn leaf water potential, saturated net photosynthesis, leaf dark respiration, stomatal conductance, and tree transpiration of 13 tropical rain forest canopy trees (eight species) over 2 yr in French Guiana. The canopies were accessed by climbing ropes attached to the trees and to a tower. Our results indicate that a small proportion of the studied trees were unaffected by soil water depletion during seasonal dry periods, probably thanks to efficient deep root systems. The trees showing decreased tree water status (i.e., predawn leaf water potential) displayed a wide range of leaf gas exchange responses. Some trees strongly regulated photosynthesis and transpiration when relative extractable water decreased drastically. In contrast, other trees showed little variation, thus indicating good adaptation to soil drought conditions. These results have important applications to modeling approaches: indeed, precise evaluation and grouping of these response patterns are required before any tree-based functional models can efficiently describe the response of tropical rain forest ecosystems to future changes in environmental conditions. © 2012 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. |
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INRA, UMR 1137 Université de Lorraine, INRA Nancy 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière', Champenoux 54280, France |
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Export Date: 13 March 2013; Source: Scopus |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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474 |
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Chave, J.; Piponiot, C.; Maréchaux, I.; de Foresta, H.; Larpin, D.; Fischer, F.J.; Derroire, G.; Vincent, G.; Hérault, B. |
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Title |
Slow rate of secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Guianas compared with the rest of the Neotropics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecological Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Appl. |
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30 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e02004 |
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Keywords |
biomass; carbon; forest; French Guiana; regeneration; secondary forests; tropics; accumulation rate; Bayesian analysis; biomass; carbon sequestration; chronosequence; fertility; old-growth forest; pioneer species; regeneration; secondary forest; Costa Rica; French Guiana; Guyana Shield; Goupia glabra; Laetia procera; Xylopia |
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Secondary forests are a prominent component of tropical landscapes, and they constitute a major atmospheric carbon sink. Rates of carbon accumulation are usually inferred from chronosequence studies, but direct estimates of carbon accumulation based on long-term monitoring of stands are rarely reported. Recent compilations on secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Neotropics are heavily biased geographically as they do not include estimates from the Guiana Shield. We analysed the temporal trajectory of aboveground carbon accumulation and floristic composition at one 25-ha secondary forest site in French Guiana. The site was clear-cut in 1976, abandoned thereafter, and one large plot (6.25 ha) has been monitored continuously since. We used Bayesian modeling to assimilate inventory data and simulate the long-term carbon accumulation trajectory. Canopy change was monitored using two aerial lidar surveys conducted in 2009 and 2017. We compared the dynamics of this site with that of a surrounding old-growth forest. Finally, we compared our results with that from secondary forests in Costa Rica, which is one of the rare long-term monitoring programs reaching a duration comparable to our study. Twenty years after abandonment, aboveground carbon stock was 64.2 (95% credibility interval 46.4, 89.0) Mg C/ha, and this stock increased to 101.3 (78.7, 128.5) Mg C/ha 20 yr later. The time to accumulate one-half of the mean aboveground carbon stored in the nearby old-growth forest (185.6 [155.9, 200.2] Mg C/ha) was estimated at 35.0 [20.9, 55.9] yr. During the first 40 yr, the contribution of the long-lived pioneer species Xylopia nitida, Goupia glabra, and Laetia procera to the aboveground carbon stock increased continuously. Secondary forest mean-canopy height measured by lidar increased by 1.14 m in 8 yr, a canopy-height increase consistent with an aboveground carbon accumulation of 7.1 Mg C/ha (or 0.89 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) during this period. Long-term AGC accumulation rate in Costa Rica was almost twice as fast as at our site in French Guiana. This may reflect higher fertility of Central American forest communities or a better adaptation of the forest tree community to intense and frequent disturbances. This finding may have important consequences for scaling-up carbon uptake estimates to continental scales. |
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INPHB, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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Ecological Society of America |
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19395582 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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914 |
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Author |
Sharma, K.; Degen, B.; Von Wuehlisch, G.; Singh, N.B. |
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Title |
Allozyme variation in eight natural populations of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. in India |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Silvae Genetica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Silvae Genet. |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
5-6 |
Pages |
246-253 |
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Keywords |
Allozymes; Differentiation; Genetic distance; Multilocus diversity; Pinus roxburghii; Variation; Enzymes; Forestry; Genes; Allozyme variations; Genetic engineering; Enzymes; Genes; Genetic Engineering; Pinus Roxburghii; Embryophyta; Pinus roxburghii |
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Abstract |
Seeds collected from eight populations of Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii SARG.) from the natural distribution range of the species in Himachal Himalayas in India were analysed isozymatically at 11 enzyme systems. For the enzyme systems studied, 25 gene loci were identified out of which 18 were polymorphic. The observed mean values for genetic variation were slightly lower than mean values reported for Pinus species (number of alleles: 1.65 compared to 2.36; effective number of alleles: 1.13 compared to 1.26; observed heterozygosity: 0.153 compared to 0.179). A small differentiation among populations and large variation within populations were reflected by small value of GST (0.04): Considering the different genetic parameters three populations seem favourable for gene conservation measures. |
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Silviculture Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun – 248 006, India |
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00375349 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 4; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Sigea; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Sharma, K.; Dr. Y. S. Parmar Univ. Hort./Forest., Reg. Horticultural Research Station, Jachh (Nurpur)-176 201 (HP), India |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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360 |
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Sist, P.; Fimbel, R.; Sheil, D.; Nasi, R.; Chevallier, M.H. |
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Title |
Towards sustainable management of mixed dipterocarp forests of South-east Asia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Environmental Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
364-374 |
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Abstract |
Selective logging applied in tropical forests is based on one universal criterion: a minimum diameter cutting limit for all commercial timber species. Minimum diameter cutting limits in mixed dipterocarp forests of the Malesia region lead to high felling intensities (10-20+ trees ha(-1)). Such extraction rates create massive stand damage (> 50% of the remaining tree population), which has a negative impact on the regeneration and growth of many harvested dipterocarp, species. As such, the minimum diameter cutting limit approach is seldom compatible with sustainable forest management. Where basic ecological characteristics of the commercial species are considered in timber harvesting prescriptions, mixed dipterocarp, forests appear capable of sustained timber yields, habitat conservation, and providing other goods and services. This paper first presents the main silvicultural systems developed in mixed dipterocarp, forests of Western Malesia and then reviews current knowledge of dipterocarp, biology to finally develop guidelines aimed at improving the ecological sustainability of production forests of Western Malesia. These guidelines, a pragmatic reflection of science and 'best guess' judgement, include: (1) integration of reduced-impact logging practices into normal management operations; (2) cutting of eight trees ha(-1) or less (with a felling cycle of 40-60 years to be determined according to local conditions); (3) defining minimum diameter cutting limits according to the structure, density and diameter at reproduction of target species; (4) avoiding harvesting species with less than one adult tree ha(-1) (diameter at breast height [dbh] greater than or equal to 50 cm over an area of 50-100 ha); (5) minimizing the size and connectivity of gaps (< 600 m(2) whenever possible); (6) refraining from treatments such as understorey clearing; and (7) providing explicit protection for key forest species and the ecological processes they perform. Further refinement is encouraged to allow for local conditions, and for other forest types. |
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0376-8929 |
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WOS:000188812100007 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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309 |
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Derroire, Géraldine ; Piponiot, Camille ; Descroix, Laurent ; Bedeau, Caroline ; Traissac, Stéphane ; Brunaux, Olivier ; Hérault, Bruno |
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Title |
Prospective carbon balance of the wood sector in a tropical forest territory using a temporally-explicit model |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
497 |
Issue |
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Keywords |
Exploitation forestière, Production du bois, Modélisation environnementale, planification de la gestion forestière, forêt tropicale, Aménagement forestier, Plantations, Évaluation de l'impac |
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Abstract |
Selective logging in tropical forests is often perceived as a source of forest degradation and carbon emissions. Improved practices, such as reduced-impact logging (RIL), and alternative timber production strategies (e.g. plantations) can drastically change the overall carbon impact of the wood production sector. Assessing the carbon balance of timber production is crucial but highly dependent on methodological approaches, especially regarding system boundaries and temporality. We developed a temporally-explicit and territory scale model of carbon balance calibrated with long-term local data using Bayesian inference. The model accounts for carbon fluxes from selective logging in natural forest, timber plantation, first transformation and avoided emissions through energy substitution. We used it to compare prospective scenarios of development for the wood sector in French Guiana. Results show that intensification of practices, through increased logging intensity conducted with RIL and establishment of timber plantations, are promising development strategies to reduce the carbon emissions of the French-Guianese wood sector, as well as the area needed for wood production and hence the pressure on natural forests. By reducing logging damage by nearly 50%, RIL allows increasing logging intensity in natural forest from 20 m3 ha−1 to 30 m3 ha−1 without affecting the carbon balance. The use of logging byproducts as fuelwood also improved the carbon balance of selective logging, when substituted to fossil fuel. Allocating less than 30 000 ha to plantation would allow producing 200 000 m3 of timber annually, while the same production in natural forest would imply logging more than 400 000 ha over 60 years. Timber plantation should be preferentially established on non-forested lands, as converting natural forests to plantation leads to high carbon emission peak over the first three decades. We recommend a mixed-strategy combining selective logging in natural forests and plantations as a way to improve long-term carbon balance while reducing short-term emissions. This strategy can reduce the pressure on natural forests while mitigating the risks of changing practices and allowing a diversified source of timber for a diversity of uses. It requires adaptation of the wood sector and development of technical guidelines. Research and monitoring efforts are also needed to assess the impacts of changing practices on other ecosystem services, especially biodiversity conservation. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1019 |
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Longo, M.; Saatchi, S.; Keller, M.; Bowman, K.; Ferraz, A.; Moorcroft, P.R.; Morton, D.C.; Bonal, D.; Brando, P.; Burban, B.; Derroire, G.; dos-Santos, M.N.; Meyer, V.; Saleska, S.; Trumbore, S.; Vincent, G. |
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Title |
Impacts of Degradation on Water, Energy, and Carbon Cycling of the Amazon Tropical Forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020JG005677 |
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Keywords |
Amazon; drought; ecosystem modeling; evapotranspiration; forest degradation; remote sensing; carbon cycle; deforestation; dry season; evapotranspiration; hydrological cycle; logging (timber); net primary production; remote sensing; sensible heat flux; tropical forest; understory; water stress; Amazon River |
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Selective logging, fragmentation, and understory fires directly degrade forest structure and composition. However, studies addressing the effects of forest degradation on carbon, water, and energy cycles are scarce. Here, we integrate field observations and high-resolution remote sensing from airborne lidar to provide realistic initial conditions to the Ecosystem Demography Model (ED-2.2) and investigate how disturbances from forest degradation affect gross primary production (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and sensible heat flux (H). We used forest structural information retrieved from airborne lidar samples (13,500 ha) and calibrated with 817 inventory plots (0.25 ha) across precipitation and degradation gradients in the eastern Amazon as initial conditions to ED-2.2 model. Our results show that the magnitude and seasonality of fluxes were modulated by changes in forest structure caused by degradation. During the dry season and under typical conditions, severely degraded forests (biomass loss ≥66%) experienced water stress with declines in ET (up to 34%) and GPP (up to 35%) and increases of H (up to 43%) and daily mean ground temperatures (up to 6.5°C) relative to intact forests. In contrast, the relative impact of forest degradation on energy, water, and carbon cycles markedly diminishes under extreme, multiyear droughts, as a consequence of severe stress experienced by intact forests. Our results highlight that the water and energy cycles in the Amazon are driven by not only climate and deforestation but also the past disturbance and changes of forest structure from degradation, suggesting a much broader influence of human land use activities on the tropical ecosystems. ©2020. The Authors. |
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AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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21698953 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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957 |
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Author |
Heu, Katy ; Romoli, Ottavia ; Schonbeck, Johan Claes ; Ajenoe, Rachel ; Epelboin, Yanouk ; Kircher, Verena ; Houel, Emeline ; Estevez, Yannick ; Gendrin, Mathilde |
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Title |
The Effect of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Serratia marcescens on Aedes aegypti and Its Microbiota |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
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12 |
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Serratia marcescens is a bacterial species widely found in the environment, which very efficiently colonizes mosquitoes. In this study, we isolated a red-pigmented S. marcescens strain from our mosquito colony (called S. marcescens VA). This red pigmentation is caused by the production of prodigiosin, a molecule with antibacterial properties. To investigate the role of prodigiosin on mosquito- S. marcescens interactions, we produced two white mutants of S. marcescens VA by random mutagenesis. Whole genome sequencing and chemical analyses suggest that one mutant has a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding prodigiosin synthase, while the other one is deficient in the production of several types of secondary metabolites including prodigiosin and serratamolide. We used our mutants to investigate how S. marcescens secondary metabolites affect the mosquito and its microbiota. Our in vitro tests indicated that S. marcescens VA inhibits the growth of several mosquito microbiota isolates using a combination of prodigiosin and other secondary metabolites, corroborating published data. This strain requires secondary metabolites other than prodigiosin for its proteolytic and hemolytic activities. In the mosquito, we observed that S. marcescens VA is highly virulent to larvae in a prodigiosin-dependent manner, while its virulence on adults is lower and largely depends on other metabolites |
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Frontiers Media |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1024 |
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Bekaert, E.; Robert, F.; Lippens, P.E.; Menetrier, M. |
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Li-7 NMR Knight Shifts in Li-Sn Compounds: MAS NMR Measurements and Correlation with DFT Calculations |
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2010 |
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Journal of Physical Chemistry C |
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J. Phys. Chem. C |
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114 |
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14 |
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6749-6754 |
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Several Li-Sn crystalline phases, LiSn. Li7Sn3, Li5Sn7, Li13Sn5, Li7Sn2, and Li22Sn5. were prepared by ball-milling and studied by Li-7 MAS NMR spectroscopy with silica as a chiming agent to avoid field penetration limitations All phases except for LiSn exhibit exchanged NMR signals at room temperature for the various types of Li present in the unit cells. in the 10 to 100 ppm range. Electronic structure calculations based on first-principles method led to a lather good correlation between the participation of the Li 2s orbital to the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level and the corresponding NMR Knight shift for the two Li crystallographic types in the case of LiSn, and for the weighted average of the different crystallographic types in the case of the NMR-exchanged signals for the other compounds |
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[Bekaert, Emilie; Menetrier, Michel] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, ICMCB, F-33608 Pessac, France |
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AMER CHEMICAL SOC |
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1932-7447 |
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ISI:000276341700075 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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80 |
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