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Mirabel, A.; Hérault, B.; Marcon, E. |
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Title |
Diverging taxonomic and functional trajectories following disturbance in a Neotropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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720 |
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137397 |
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Community ecology; Disturbance trajectories; Intermediate disturbance hypothesis; Mid-term resilience; Neotropical forests; Taxonomic and functional biodiversity |
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In the current global change context, it is urgent to anticipate the fate of tropical forests. This means understanding tree community response to disturbance and the underlying processes. In that respect, we aim here to clarify taxonomic and functional post-disturbance trajectories, and determine the scope of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) that remains debated in tropical forests. We analyzed community trajectories following a disturbance gradient from 10 to 60% of above-ground biomass loss in a Neotropical forest over 30 years. We considered trajectories along time of community taxonomic and functional trajectories in terms of richness, evenness, composition, and redundancy. We based on the annual botanical inventories of 75 ha of a Neotropical forest and on large trait datasets comprising seven leaf, stem, and life-history traits. We identified a decoupling between taxonomic composition, differing among communities, and functional composition, similar among communities and convergent in the functional space. The taxonomic diversity followed humped-shaped trajectories along time after disturbance depending on the initial disturbance intensity, which validated the IDH (Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis). The functional diversity trajectories, however, were homogeneous among plots and dismissed the IDH. We explained this decoupling by the variations in community functional redundancy that mitigated the functional impact of disturbance. Although consistent, the recovery of community composition, diversity, and redundancy remained divergent from the initial state after 30 years. These results acknowledged the need of decades-long cycles without disturbance to ensure community complete recovery. |
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0048-9697 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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920 |
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Aubry-Kientz, M.; Rossi, V.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Identifying climatic drivers of tropical forest dynamics |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Biogeosciences |
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Biogeosciences |
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12 |
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19 |
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5583-5596 |
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In the context of climate change, identifying and then predicting the impacts of climatic drivers on tropical forest dynamics is becoming a matter of urgency. To look at these climate impacts, we used a coupled model of tropical tree growth and mortality, calibrated with forest dynamic data from the 20-year study site of Paracou, French Guiana, in order to introduce and test a set of climatic variables. Three major climatic drivers were identified through the variable selection procedure: drought, water saturation and temperature. Drought decreased annual growth and mortality rates, high precipitation increased mortality rates and high temperature decreased growth. Interactions between key functional traits, stature and climatic variables were investigated, showing best resistance to drought for trees with high wood density and for trees with small current diameters. Our results highlighted strong long-term impacts of climate variables on tropical forest dynamics, suggesting potential deep impacts of climate changes during the next century. © Author(s) 2015. |
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Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research-INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil |
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Export Date: 16 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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631 |
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Schimann, H.; Petit-Jean, C.; Guitet, S.; Reis, T.; Domenach, A.M.; Roggy, J.-C. |
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Microbial bioindicators of soil functioning after disturbance: The case of gold mining in tropical rainforests of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Ecological Indicators |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Indic. |
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20 |
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34-41 |
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Bioindicators; DEA/SIR ratio; Denitrifying Enzyme Activity (DEA); Disturbance; Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR); Tropical rainforest |
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In the context of an ongoing monitoring study on the impacts of gold-mining activities on critical ecosystem processes, we explored the use of soil Denitrifying Enzyme Activity (DEA) and Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) as ecosystem indicators in tropical rainforests of French Guiana. We also propose DEA/SIR ratio as ecosystem attribute able to describe the state of an ecosystem and to reflect changes in ecological processes. With this purpose, we measured SIR, DEA and DEA/SIR ratio in five gold-mining areas and five surrounding natural reference rainforests. We also measured indicators in two conditions of spontaneous regeneration of vegetation (stratified or not) and two conditions of soil rehabilitation (prior preparation of soils or not). We showed a high variability of DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio in the natural reference forests. This pointed out the necessity to identify relevant reference systems – i.e. proving a close match in all relevant ecological dimensions – to compare with closed perturbed systems in order to assess the levels of alterations after disturbances. Results showed a high impact of gold mine on microbial processes with a strong decrease of DEA (10-fold lower), SIR (2-fold lower) and DEA/SIR ratio (8-fold lower) in perturbed areas in comparison with natural reference forests. The type of spontaneous vegetation (stratified or not) influenced the values of indicators as well as prior rehabilitation of soils, demonstrating the capacity of DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio to respond in proportion to the perturbation (robustness) and to the different levels of restoration (sensitivity). The systematic decrease of the ratio DEA/SIR observed in the studied perturbed situations demonstrates clearly that the structure of microbial communities has been also modified. The ratio DEA/SIR proved to be robust and sensitive, and able to describe in fairly fine way changes of soil microbial communities in terms of structure and function in gold mine areas and during processes of restoration. We propose to use DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio as bioindicators of both structural and functional aspects of C and N cycling in soils. Together with others bioindicators based on key supporting functions in soils, these indicators should accurately evaluate the ecological potential of natural ecosystems and the levels of degradation in case of land-use changes. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
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SOLICAZ – Campus Agronomique, BP 76, 97389 Kourou Cedex, France |
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1470160x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 May 2012; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.021; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Schimann, H.; INRA-Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guiana Forests (Ecofog), Campus Agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou Cedex, France; email: heidy.schimann@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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396 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Amoretti, D.S.; Baraloto, C.; Bénéluz, F.; Mesones, I.; Fine, P.V.A. |
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Title |
Phylogenetic Overdispersion in Lepidoptera Communities of Amazonian White-sand Forests |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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48 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
101-109 |
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Keywords |
varillales; Amazon basin; Bottom-up; Lepidoptera composition; Moth, Nymphalidae; Phylogenetic structure |
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In the Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield, white-sand (WS) forests are recognized as a low-resource habitat often composed by a distinct flora with many edaphic endemic plants. Small patches of nutrient-poor white-sand forests can pose a series of challenges to plants and animals. For plants, these challenges have been shown to function as strong filters that in turn drive taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant composition. However, very little is known about animal communities in WS forest and the effect that low-resource availability may have on higher trophic levels. Here, we investigate the diversity of both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of three Lepidoptera families' (Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae) assemblages between low-resource (White-Sand Forest) and two adjacent high-resource habitats, terra firme clay and seasonally flooded forests. We found no clear effect of habitat type on taxonomic composition although butterfly and moth species abundance differed among the three contrasted habitats. The WS forest Lepidoptera community is significantly more phylogenetically overdispersed than expected by chance. We suggest that these low-resource habitats filter the number of plant lineages which, in turn, creates a bottom-up control structuring Lepidoptera phylogenetic structure. We recommend long-term sampling on Lepidoptera community both at larval and adult stages that may complement this study and test hypotheses linking herbivore phylogenetic structure to plant resource availability and trophic cascade theory. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 12 February 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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661 |
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Dejean, A.; Grangier, J.; Leroy, C.; Orivel, J. |
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Predation and aggressiveness in host plant protection: a generalization using ants from the genus Azteca |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
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96 |
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1 |
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57-63 |
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Aggressiveness; Ant-plant relationships; Biotic defence; Predation |
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In studying the ant genus Azteca, a Neotropical group of arboreal species, we aimed to determine the extent to which the ants use predation and/or aggressiveness to protect their host plants from defoliating insects. We compared a territorially dominant, carton-nester, Azteca chartifex, and three plant-ant species. Azteca alfari and Azteca ovaticeps are associated with the myrmecophyte Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) and their colonies shelter in its hollow branches; whereas Azteca bequaerti is associated with Tococa guianensis (Melastomataceae) and its colonies shelter in leaf pouches situated at the base of the laminas. Whereas A. bequaerti workers react to the vibrations transmitted by the lamina when an alien insect lands on a leaf making it unnecessary for them to patrol their plant, the workers of the three other species rather discover prey by contact. The workers of all four species use a predatory behaviour involving spread-eagling alien insects after recruiting nestmates at short range, and, in some cases, at long range. Because A. alfari and A. ovaticeps discard part of the insects they kill, we deduced that the workers' predatory behaviour and territorial aggressiveness combine in the biotic defence of their host tree. |
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[Dejean, Alain; Leroy, Celine] CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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0028-1042 |
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ISI:000261791000006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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125 |
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Talaga, S.; Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Dumont, Y.; Leroy, C. |
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Impacts of biotic and abiotic parameters on immature populations of Aedes aegypti |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Pest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Pest Sci. |
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93 |
Issue |
3 |
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941-952 |
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Biocontrol agents; Competition; Ecosystem services; Mosquito control; Mosquito management; Predation; abiotic factor; biotic factor; competitive displacement; disease vector; maturation; mosquito; pest control; Aedes aegypti; Hexapoda; Zika virus |
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In recent centuries, the mosquito Aedes aegypti has spread into most urban areas throughout the tropics. This species is considered the main vector of the chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses and causes major public health issues. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative influence of biotic and abiotic parameters on immature populations of Ae. aegypti. During a one-year-long field experiment, we monitored 108 macroinvertebrate aquatic communities inhabiting four types of water containers across three different urbanized sites in a Neotropical city. A multimodel inference approach revealed that, in addition to abiotic parameters, biotic interactions with aquatic organisms had an important influence on the abundance of Ae. aegypti and that the urbanized site considered influences the outcomes of the interactions. Controphic species other than mosquitoes aided Ae. aegypti development, suggesting a mechanism of facilitation through a chain of processes. However, the abundance of Ae. aegypti was lowered by competition with native mosquito species in the slightly urbanized area and by predation in more urbanized areas. Competitive displacement and reduction, as well as predation by native aquatic organisms, can be considered a form of ecosystem service. The conservation and/or augmentation of natural enemies should improve the short- and long-term success of incompatible and/or sterile insect techniques, thus opening up perspectives for the future of mosquito management. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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University of Pretoria, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Pretoria, South Africa |
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Springer |
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16124758 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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962 |
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Coutand, C.; Chevolot, M.; Lacointe, A.; Rowe, N.; Scotti, I. |
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Mechanosensing of stem bending and its interspecific variability in five neotropical rainforest species |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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105 |
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2 |
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341-347 |
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Mechanosensing; interspecific variability; trees; lianas; rain forest; neotropical species; bending; biomechanics; Bauhinia; Eperua; Symphonia; Tachigali |
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In rain forests, sapling survival is highly dependent on the regulation of trunk slenderness (height/diameter ratio): shade-intolerant species have to grow in height as fast as possible to reach the canopy but also have to withstand mechanical loadings (wind and their own weight) to avoid buckling. Recent studies suggest that mechanosensing is essential to control tree dimensions and stability-related morphogenesis. Differences in species slenderness have been observed among rainforest trees; the present study thus investigates whether species with different slenderness and growth habits exhibit differences in mechanosensitivity. Recent studies have led to a model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strains model) that predicts a quantitative relationship between the applied sum of longitudinal strains and the plant's responses in the case of a single bending. Saplings of five different neotropical species (Eperua falcata, E. grandiflora, Tachigali melinonii, Symphonia globulifera and Bauhinia guianensis) were subjected to a regimen of controlled mechanical loading phases (bending) alternating with still phases over a period of 2 months. Mechanical loading was controlled in terms of strains and the five species were subjected to the same range of sum of strains. The application of the sum-of-strain model led to a dose-response curve for each species. Dose-response curves were then compared between tested species. The model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strain model) applied in the case of multiple bending as long as the bending frequency was low. A comparison of dose-response curves for each species demonstrated differences in the stimulus threshold, suggesting two groups of responses among the species. Interestingly, the liana species B. guianensis exhibited a higher threshold than other Leguminosae species tested. This study provides a conceptual framework to study variability in plant mechanosensing and demonstrated interspecific variability in mechanosensing. |
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[Coutand, Catherine; Lacointe, Andre] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, PIAF, UMR 547, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: coutand@clermont.inra.fr |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0305-7364 |
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ISI:000274347000025 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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71 |
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Chang, S.-S.; Quignard, F.; Alméras, T.; Clair, B. |
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Mesoporosity changes from cambium to mature tension wood: A new step toward the understanding of maturation stress generation in trees |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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New Phytologist |
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New Phytologist |
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205 |
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3 |
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1277-1287 |
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Cell wall maturation; Maturation stress; Mesoporosity; Poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra); Tension wood |
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In order to progress in the understanding of mechanical stress generation, the mesoporosity of the cell wall and its changes during maturation of poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) tension wood (TW) and opposite wood (OW) were measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Variations in the thickness of the gelatinous layer (G-layer) were also measured to clarify whether the mesoporosity change simultaneously with the deposition of the G-layer in TW. Results show that mesoporous structures of TW and OW were very similar in early development stages before the deposition of G-layers. With the formation of the S2 layer in OW and the G-layer in TW, the mesopore volume decreased steeply before lignification. However, in TW only, the decrease in mesopore volume occurred together with the pore shape change and a progressive increase in pore size. The different patterns observed in TW revealed that pores from G-layers appear with a different shape compared to those of the compound middle lamella, and their size increases during the maturation process until stabilising in mature wood. This observation strongly supports the hypothesis of the swelling of the G-layer matrix during maturation as the origin of maturation stress in poplar tension wood. |
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CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 28 January 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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581 |
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Clair, B.; Almeras, T.; Sugiyama, J. |
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Compression stress in opposite wood of angiosperms: observations in chestnut, mani and poplar |
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2006 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann. For. Sci. |
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63 |
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5 |
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507-510 |
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reaction wood; compression wood; tension wood; opposite wood; plant biomechanics; growth stresses; microfibrils angle |
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In order to face environmental constraints, trees are able to re-orient their axes by controlling the stress level in the newly formed wood layers. Angiosperms and gymnosperms evolved into two distinct mechanisms: the former produce a wood with large tension pre-stress on the upper side of the tilted axis, while the latter produce a wood with large compression pre-stress on the lower side. In both cases, the difference between this stress level and that of the opposite side, in light tension, generates the bending of the axis. However, light values of compression were sometimes measured in the opposite side of angiosperms. By analysing old data on chestnut and mani and new data on poplar, this study shows that these values were not measurement artefacts. This reveals that generating light compression stress in opposite wood contributes to improve the performance of the re-orientation mechanism. |
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Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Lab Biomass Morphogenesis & Informat, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000240514800008 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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223 |
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Royer, M.; Herbette, G.; Eparvier, V.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, B.; Stien, D. |
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Secondary metabolites of Bagassa guianensis Aubl. wood: A study of the chemotaxonomy of the Moraceae family |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Phytochemistry |
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Phytochemistry |
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71 |
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14-15 |
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1708-1713 |
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Bagassa guianensis; Moraceae; Secondary metabolites; Stilbenes; Moracins; Flavonoids; Natural durability |
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Abstract |
In order to explain the durability of the Moraceae plant family, phytochemistry of Bagassa guianensis was performed. Ethyl acetate extract was obtained from the heartwood and 18 secondary metabolites were isolated, including 6 moracins [6-O-methyl-moracin M, 6-O-methyl-moracin N and moracin Z; previously identified: moracin M, moracin N and moracin P], 8 stilbenoids [presently identified: (-)-epialboctalol and arachidin 4; previously identified: alboctalol, trans-resveratrol, arachidin 2, trans-oxyresveratrol and artogomezianol], 3 previously identified flavonoids, steppogenin, katuranin and dihydromorin, beta-sitosterol and resorcinol. Previous studies suggest that stilbenoids are responsible for the natural durability of wood. Our study has determined that B. guianensis is closely related to Morus sp. in phylogeny and should be included in the Moreae sensu stricto tribe of the Moraceae family. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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[Royer, Mariana; Eparvier, Veronique; Thibaut, Bernard; Stien, Didier] Univ Antilles Guyane, CNRS, UMR Ecofog, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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0031-9422 |
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ISI:000282453900013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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30 |
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