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de Aguiar, H.J.A.C.; Barros, L.A.C.; Silveira, L.I.; Petitclerc, F.; Etienne, S.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Cytogenetic data for sixteen ant species from North-eastern Amazonia with phylogenetic insights into three subfamilies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Comparative Cytogenetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp. Cytogenet. |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-60 |
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Keywords |
Biodiversity; Formicidae; Karyotype; Neotropical ants |
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Abstract  |
Ants play essential roles in most terrestrial ecosystems and may be considered pests for agriculture and agroforestry. Recent morphological and molecular data have challenged conventional ant phylogeny and the interpretation of karyotypic variations. Existing Neotropical ant cytogenetic data focus on Atlantic rainforest species, and provide evolutionary and taxonomic insight. However, there are data for only 18 Amazonian species. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of 16 ant species belonging to 12 genera and three subfamilies, collected in the Brazilian state of Amapa, and in French Guiana. The karyotypes of six species are described for the first time, including that of the South American genus Allomerus Mayr, 1878. The karyotype of Crematogaster Lund, 1831 is also described for the first time for the New World. For other species, extant data for geographically distinct populations was compared with our own data, e.g. for the leafcutter ants Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890) and Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758). The information obtained for the karyotype of Dolichoderus imitator Emery, 1894 differs from extant data from the Atlantic forest, thereby highlighting the importance of population cytogenetic approaches. This study also emphasizes the need for good chromosome preparations for studying karyotype structure. |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France |
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Pensoft Publishers |
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19930771 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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917 |
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Sardans, J.; Urbina, I.; Grau, O.; Asensio, D.; Ogaya, R.; Peñuelas, J. |
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Title |
Long-term drought decreases ecosystem C and nutrient storage in a Mediterranean holm oak forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Environmental and Experimental Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Exp. Bot. |
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Volume |
177 |
Issue |
104135 |
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Keywords |
Aridity; Carbon stocks; Climate change; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Stoichiometry; carbon sequestration; deciduous forest; drought; experimental study; forest soil; long-term change; Mediterranean environment; net ecosystem exchange; nutrient cycling; shrub; stoichiometry; Mediterranean Sea; Phillyrea latifolia |
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Abstract |
Aridity has increased in recent decades in the Mediterranean Basin and is projected to continue to increase in the coming decades. We studied the consequences of drought on the concentrations, stoichiometries and stocks of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves, foliar litter of a three dominant woody species and soil of a Mediterranean montane holm oak forest where soil-water content was experimentally reduced (15 % lower than the control plots) for 15 years. Nitrogen stocks were lower in the drought plots than in the control plots (8.81 ± 1.01 kg ha−1 in the forest canopy and 856 ± 120 kg ha−1 in the 0−15 cm soil layer), thus representing 7 and 18 % lower N stocks in the canopy and soil respectively. δ15N was consistently higher under drought conditions in all samples, indicating a general loss of N. Foliar C and K stocks were also lower but to a lesser extent than N. Decreases in biomass and C and N stocks due to drought were smallest for the most dominant tall shrub, Phillyrea latifolia, so our results suggest a lower capacity of this forest to store C and nutrients but also substantial resulting changes in forest structure with increasing drought. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, 97310, French Guiana |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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00988472 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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954 |
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Privet, K.; Vedel, V.; Fortunel, C.; Orivel, J.; Martinez, Q.; Cerdan, A.; Baraloto, C.; Pétillon, J. |
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Title |
Relative effciency of pitfall trapping vs. nocturnal hand collecting in assessing soil-dwelling spider diversity along a structural gradient of neotropical habitats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Diversity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Diversity |
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12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
81 |
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Keywords |
Araneae; Diversity indices; Functional diversity; Guiana shield; Sampling methods; Species richness; Turnover; Araneae |
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Assessing spider diversity remains a great challenge, especially in tropical habitats where dozens of species can locally co-occur. Pitfall trapping is one of the most widely used techniques to collect spiders, but it suffers from several biases, and its accuracy likely varies with habitat complexity. In this study, we compared the efficiency of passive pitfall trapping versus active nocturnal hand collecting (\"HC) to capture low understory-dwelling spider taxonomical (morpho-species) and functional (hunting guilds) diversity along a structural gradient of habitats in French Guiana. We focused on four habitats describing a structural gradient: garden to the orchard to the forest edge to the undisturbed forest. Overall, estimated morpho-species richness and composition did not vary consistently between habitats, but abundances of ground-hunting spiders decreased significantly with increasing habitat complexity. We found habitat-dependence differences in taxonomic diversity between sampling strategies: NHC revealed higher diversity in the orchard, whereas pitfalls resulted in higher diversity in the forest. Species turnover resulted in high dissimilarity in species composition between habitats using either method. This study shows how pitfall trapping is influenced by habitat structure, rendering this sampling method incomplete for complex, tropical environments. However, pitfall traps remain a valuable component of inventories because they sample distinct assemblage of spiders. © 2020 by the authors. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States |
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Mdpi Ag |
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14242818 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 March 2020; Correspondence Address: Privet, K.; CNRS, Ecobio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Université de RennesFrance; email: kprivet@hotmail.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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923 |
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Van Langenhove, L.; Verryckt, L.T.; Bréchet, L.; Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Hofhansl, F.; Bauters, M.; Sardans, J.; Boeckx, P.; Fransen, E.; Peñuelas, J.; Janssens, I.A. |
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Title |
Atmospheric deposition of elements and its relevance for nutrient budgets of tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biogeochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeochemistry |
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Volume |
149 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-193 |
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Keywords |
Litterfall; Nitrogen; Nutrient cycling; Phosphorus; Potassium; Throughfall; atmospheric deposition; canopy exchange; field method; forest floor; leaching; litterfall; nutrient cycling; phosphorus; potassium; precipitation (climatology); rainforest; tropical forest; French Guiana |
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Atmospheric deposition is an important component of the nutrient cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, but field measurements are especially scarce in tropical regions. In this study we analysed 15 months of precipitation chemistry collected in an old growth tropical forest located in French Guiana. We measured nutrient inputs via bulk precipitation and throughfall and used the canopy budget model to estimate nutrient fluxes via canopy exchange and dry deposition. Based on this method we quantified net fluxes of macronutrients and compared their contribution to internal cycling rates via litterfall. Our results suggest that while atmospheric deposition of nitrogen was relatively high (13 kg ha−1 year−1), and mainly in organic forms, the N inputs via litterfall were an order of magnitude higher. In contrast to nitrogen, we found that atmospheric deposition of phosphorus (0.5 kg ha−1 year−1) supplied up to one third of the annual litterfall input to the forest floor. Most strikingly, combined annual inputs of potassium via atmospheric deposition (14 kg ha−1 year−1) and canopy leaching (22 kg ha−1 year−1) were three times larger than internal nutrient recycling via litterfall (11 kg ha−1 year−1). We conclude that atmospheric deposition of phosphorus and especially potassium may play an important role in sustaining the productivity of this old-growth tropical rainforest. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. |
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StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium |
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Springer |
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01682563 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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964 |
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Heuertz, M.; Caron, H.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Pétronelli, P.; Engel, J.; Tysklind, N.; Miloudi, S.; Gaiotto, F.A.; Chave, J.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Loureiro, J.; Budde, K.B. |
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The hyperdominant tropical tree Eschweilera coriacea (Lecythidaceae) shows higher genetic heterogeneity than sympatric Eschweilera species in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Plant Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Ecol. Evol. |
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153 |
Issue |
1 |
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67-81 |
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Cryptic species; Eschweilera; Hyperdominant tropical trees; Microsatellites; Species complex; Species delimitation |
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Background and aims – The evolutionary history of Amazonia’s hyperabundant tropical tree species, also known as “hyperdominant” species, remains poorly investigated. We assessed whether the hyperdominant Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A.Mori (Lecythidaceae) represents a single genetically cohesive species, and how its genetic constitution relates to other species from the same clade with which it occurs sympatrically in French Guiana. Methods – We sampled 152 individuals in nine forest sites in French Guiana, representing 11 species of the genus Eschweilera all belonging to the Parvifolia clade, with emphasis on E. coriacea. Samples were genotyped at four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We delimited gene pools, i.e., genetically coherent putative taxa, using STRUCTURE software and principal component analysis. We compared the genetic assignment of individuals with their morphological species determination and estimated genetic diversity and differentiation for gene pools and species. We also estimated genome size using flow cytometry. Key results – SSR profiles commonly displayed up to four alleles per genotype, suggesting that the investigated Eschweilera species bear a paleopolyploid signature. Flow cytometry suggested that the studied species are diploid with haploid genome sizes of 871–1046 Mbp. We detected five gene pools and observed a good correspondence between morphological and genetic delimitation for Eschweilera sagotiana Miers and the undescribed morphospecies E. sp. 3 (which resembles E. grandiflora (Aubl.) Sandwith), and to a lesser extent for E. decolorans Sandwith and E. micrantha (O.Berg) Miers. Eschweilera coriacea was the most genetically diverse species and included individuals assigned to each gene pool. Conclusions – We found no conclusive evidence for cryptic species within E. coriacea in French Guiana. SSRs detected fewer gene pools than expected based on morphology in the Parvifolia clade but discriminated evolutionary relationships better than available plastid markers. A positive trend between demographic abundance of species and allelic richness illustrates that hyperdominants may have a high evolutionary potential. This hypothesis can be tested using more powerful genomic data in combination with tree phenotypic trait variation and characterization of niche breadth, to enhance our understanding of the causes of hyperdominance in Amazonian trees. |
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University of Copenhagen, Forest, Nature and Biomass, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark |
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Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique |
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20323913 (Issn) |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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928 |
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Van Langenhove, L.; Depaepe, T.; Vicca, S.; van den Berge, J.; Stahl, C.; Courtois, E.; Weedon, J.; Urbina, I.; Grau, O.; Asensio, D.; Peñuelas, J.; Boeckx, P.; Richter, A.; Van Der Straeten, D.; Janssens, I.A. |
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Title |
Regulation of nitrogen fixation from free-living organisms in soil and leaf litter of two tropical forests of the Guiana shield |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Plant and Soil |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Soil |
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Volume |
450 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
93-110 |
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Keywords |
Free-living nitrogen fixation; French Guiana; Molybdenum; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Tropical forest; acetylene; leaf litter; molybdenum; nitrogen fixation; nutrient cycling; phosphorus; rainforest; reduction; soil biota; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; soil water; topographic effect; tropical forest; French Guiana |
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Background and aims: Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is the main pathway for introducing N into unmanaged ecosystems. While recent estimates suggest that free-living N fixation (FLNF) accounts for the majority of N fixed in mature tropical forests, the controls governing this process are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to quantify FLNF rates and determine its drivers in two tropical pristine forests of French Guiana. Methods: We used the acetylene reduction assay to measure FLNF rates at two sites, in two seasons and along three topographical positions, and used regression analyses to identify which edaphic explanatory variables, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) content, pH, water and available N and P, explained most of the variation in FLNF rates. Results: Overall, FLNF rates were lower than measured in tropical systems elsewhere. In soils seasonal variability was small and FLNF rates differed among topographies at only one site. Water, P and pH explained 24% of the variation. In leaf litter, FLNF rates differed seasonally, without site or topographical differences. Water, C, N and P explained 46% of the observed variation. We found no regulatory role of Mo at our sites. Conclusions: Rates of FLNF were low in primary rainforest on poor soils on the Guiana shield. Water was the most important rate-regulating factor and FLNF increased with increasing P, but decreased with increasing N. Our results support the general assumption that N fixation in tropical lowland forests is limited by P availability. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria |
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Springer |
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0032079x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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971 |
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Birer, C.; Moreau, C.S.; Tysklind, N.; Zinger, L.; Duplais, C. |
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Disentangling the assembly mechanisms of ant cuticular bacterial communities of two Amazonian ant species sharing a common arboreal nest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1372-1385 |
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Keywords |
ant gardens; bacterial communities; cuticular microbiome; insect cuticle; metabarcoding |
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Bacteria living on the cuticle of ants are generally studied for their protective role against pathogens, especially in the clade of fungus-growing ants. However, little is known regarding the diversity of cuticular bacteria in other ant host species, as well as the mechanisms leading to the composition of these communities. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to study the influence of host species, species interactions and the pool of bacteria from the environment on the assembly of cuticular bacterial communities on two phylogenetically distant Amazonian ant species that frequently nest together inside the roots system of epiphytic plants, Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior. Our results show that (a) the vast majority of the bacterial community on the cuticle is shared with the nest, suggesting that most bacteria on the cuticle are acquired through environmental acquisition, (b) 5.2% and 2.0% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are respectively specific to Ca. femoratus and Cr. levior, probably representing their respective core cuticular bacterial community, and (c) 3.6% of OTUs are shared between the two ant species. Additionally, mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis of metabolites on the cuticle of ants, which excludes the detection of cuticular hydrocarbons produced by the host, were conducted to evaluate correlations among bacterial OTUs and m/z ion mass. Although some positive and negative correlations are found, the cuticular chemical composition was weakly species-specific, suggesting that cuticular bacterial communities are prominently environmentally acquired. Overall, our results suggest the environment is the dominant source of bacteria found on the cuticle of ants. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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09621083 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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975 |
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Romero, G.Q.; Marino, N.A.C.; MacDonald, A.A.M.; Céréghino, R.; Trzcinski, M.K.; Mercado, D.A.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Farjalla, V.F.; Barberis, I.M.; Dézerald, O.; Hammill, E.; Atwood, T.B.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Bautista, F.O.; Carrias, J.-F.; Leal, J.S.; Montero, G.; Antiqueira, P.A.P.; Freire, R.; Realpe, E.; Amundrud, S.L.; de Omena, P.M.; Campos, A.B.A.; Kratina, P.; O’Gorman, E.J.; Srivastava, D.S. |
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Title |
Extreme rainfall events alter the trophic structure in bromeliad tanks across the Neotropics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat. Commun. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3215 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
fresh water; rain; fresh water; agricultural intensification; angiosperm; biomass; climate change; ecosystem function; extreme event; food web; freshwater ecosystem; Neotropic Ecozone; precipitation intensity; rainfall; trophic structure; Article; biomass; Central America; controlled study; detritivore; drought; flooding; food web; hydrology; microcosm; Neotropics; nonhuman; precipitation; predator; South America; trophic level; animal; biodiversity; Bromelia; climate change; ecosystem; flooding; food chain; Central America; South America; Animals; Biodiversity; Biomass; Bromelia; Climate Change; Droughts; Ecosystem; Floods; Food Chain; Fresh Water; Hydrology; South America |
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Abstract |
Changes in global and regional precipitation regimes are among the most pervasive components of climate change. Intensification of rainfall cycles, ranging from frequent downpours to severe droughts, could cause widespread, but largely unknown, alterations to trophic structure and ecosystem function. We conducted multi-site coordinated experiments to show how variation in the quantity and evenness of rainfall modulates trophic structure in 210 natural freshwater microcosms (tank bromeliads) across Central and South America (18°N to 29°S). The biomass of smaller organisms (detritivores) was higher under more stable hydrological conditions. Conversely, the biomass of predators was highest when rainfall was uneven, resulting in top-heavy biomass pyramids. These results illustrate how extremes of precipitation, resulting in localized droughts or flooding, can erode the base of freshwater food webs, with negative implications for the stability of trophic dynamics. © 2020, The Author(s). |
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Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil |
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Nature Research |
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20411723 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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944 |
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Carrias, J.-F.; Gerphagnon, M.; Rodríguez-Pérez, H.; Borrel, G.; Loiseau, C.; Corbara, B.; Céréghino, R.; Mary, I.; Leroy, C. |
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Title |
Resource availability drives bacterial succession during leaf-litter decomposition in a bromeliad ecosystem |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
FEMS microbiology ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
fiaa045 |
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16S rRNA gene; amplicon sequencing; bacterial diversity; community ecology; decomposition; ecological succession |
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Despite the growing number of investigations on microbial succession during the last decade, most of our knowledge on primary succession of bacteria in natural environments comes from conceptual models and/or studies of chronosequences. Successional patterns of litter-degrading bacteria remain poorly documented, especially in undisturbed environments. Here we conducted an experiment with tank bromeliads as natural freshwater microcosms to assess major trends in bacterial succession on two leaf-litter species incubated with or without animal exclusion. We used amplicon sequencing and a co-occurrence network to assess changes in bacterial community structure according to treatments. Alpha-diversity and community complexity displayed the same trends regardless of the treatments, highlighting that primary succession of detrital-bacteria is subject to resource limitation and biological interactions, much like macro-organisms. Shifts in bacterial assemblages along the succession were characterized by an increase in uncharacterized taxa and potential N-fixing bacteria, the latter being involved in positive co-occurrence between taxa. These findings support the hypothesis of interdependence between taxa as a significant niche-based process shaping bacterial communities during the advanced stage of succession. © FEMS 2020. |
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AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 14 April 2020 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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926 |
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Ziegler, C.; Dusenge, M.E.; Nyirambangutse, B.; Zibera, E.; Wallin, G.; Uddling, J. |
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Contrasting Dependencies of Photosynthetic Capacity on Leaf Nitrogen in Early- and Late-Successional Tropical Montane Tree Species |
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2020 |
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Frontiers in Plant Science |
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Front. Plant Sci. |
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11 |
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500479 |
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allocation; early successional; late successional; nitrogen; photosynthesis; tropical montane forests |
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Differences in photosynthetic capacity among tree species and tree functional types are currently assumed to be largely driven by variation in leaf nutrient content, particularly nitrogen (N). However, recent studies indicate that leaf N content is often a poor predictor of variation in photosynthetic capacity in tropical trees. In this study, we explored the relative importance of area-based total leaf N content (Ntot) and within-leaf N allocation to photosynthetic capacity versus light-harvesting in controlling the variation in photosynthetic capacity (i.e. Vcmax, Jmax) among mature trees of 12 species belonging to either early (ES) or late successional (LS) groups growing in a tropical montane rainforest in Rwanda, Central Africa. Photosynthetic capacity at a common leaf temperature of 25˚C (i.e. maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation, Vcmax25 and of electron transport, Jmax25) was higher in ES than in LS species (+ 58% and 68% for Vcmax25 and Jmax25, respectively). While Ntot did not significantly differ between successional groups, the photosynthetic dependency on Ntot was markedly different. In ES species, Vcmax25 was strongly and positively related to Ntot but this was not the case in LS species. However, there was no significant trade-off between relative leaf N investments in compounds maximizing photosynthetic capacity versus compounds maximizing light harvesting. Both leaf dark respiration at 25˚C (+ 33%) and, more surprisingly, apparent photosynthetic quantum yield (+ 35%) was higher in ES than in LS species. Moreover, Rd25 was positively related to Ntot for both ES and LS species. Our results imply that efforts to quantify carbon fluxes of tropical montane rainforests would be improved if they considered contrasting within-leaf N allocation and photosynthetic Ntot dependencies between species with different successional strategies. © Copyright © 2020 Ziegler, Dusenge, Nyirambangutse, Zibera, Wallin and Uddling. |
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Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada |
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Frontiers Media S.A. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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953 |
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