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Yamamoto, H.; Almeras, T. |
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Title |
A mathematical verification of the reinforced-matrix hypothesis using the Mori-Tanaka theory |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal  |
J. Wood Sci. |
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53 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
505-509 |
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Keywords |
Engineering |
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This article presents a theoretical verification of the reinforced-matrix hypothesis derived from tensor equations, σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f = ε m (Wood Sci Technol 32:171–182, 1998; Wood Sci Technol 33:311–325, 1999; J Biomech Eng 124:432–440, 2002), using classical Mori-Tanaka theory on the micromechanics of fiber-reinforced materials (Acta Metall 21:571–574, 1973; Micromechanics — dislcation and inclusions (in Japanese), pp 141–147, 1976). The Mori-Tanaka theory was applied to a small fragment of the cell wall undergoing changes in its physical state, such as those arising from sorption of moisture, maturation of wall components, or action of an external force, to obtain ⟨σ A⟩D = ϕ·⟨σ F⟩I + (1−ϕ)·⟨σ M⟩D−I. When the constitutive equation of each constituent material was applied to the equation ⟨σ A⟩D = ϕ·⟨σ F⟩I + (1−ϕ)·⟨σ M⟩D−I, the equations σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f = ε m were derived to lend support to the concept that two main phases, the reinforcing cellulose microfibril and the lignin-hemicellulose matrix, coexist in the same domain. The constitutive equations for the cell wall fragment were obtained without recourse to additional parameters such as Eshelby’s tensor S and Hill’s averaged concentration tensors AF and AM. In our previous articles, the coexistence of two main phases and σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f =ε m had been taken as our starting point to formulate the behavior of wood fiber with multilayered cell walls. The present article provides a rational explanation for both concepts. |
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Springer Japan |
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1435-0211 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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215 |
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Author |
Almeras, T.; Yoshida, M.; Okuyama, T. |
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Title |
The generation of longitudinal maturation stress in wood is not dependent on diurnal changes in diameter of trunk |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
452-455 |
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Keywords |
maturation stress; growth stress; cell-wall maturation; continuous lighting; diurnal strains |
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A hypothetical mechanism for the generation of maturation stress in wood was tested experimentally. The hypothesis was that the maturation stress could partly originate in a physical mechanism related to daily changes in water pressure and associated diurnal strains. The matrix of lignin and hemicellulose, deposited in the cell wall during the night, would be put in compression by the effect of water tension during the next day. The cellulose framework, crystallizing during the day, would be put in tension by the decrease in tension at night and subsequent cell-wall swelling. This was tested on young saplings of sugi and beech. Half of the saplings were submitted to continuous lighting, which canceled diurnal strains. Saplings were tilted 40 degrees, and their uprighting movement was measured. The uprighting movement is directly due to the production of reaction wood and the concomitant development of large longitudinal maturation stress. It occurred in the continuously lighted plants at least as much as in control plants. We conclude that the generation of longitudinal maturation stress in tension or compression wood is not directly related to variations in water pressure and diurnal strains. |
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Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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SPRINGER TOKYO |
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1435-0211 |
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ISI:000241010600012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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222 |
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Zhang, T.; Bai, S.-L.; Bardet, S.; Almeras, T.; Thibaut, B.; Beauchene, J. |
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Title |
Radial variations of vibrational properties of three tropical woods |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
377-386 |
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Keywords |
Damping coefficient; Dynamic modulus; Extractives; Microfibril angle; Tropical woods |
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The radial trends of vibrational properties, represented by the specific dynamic modulus (E′/ρ) and damping coefficient (tan δ), were investigated for three tropical rainforest hardwood species (Simarouba amara, Carapa procera, and Symphonia globulifera) using free-free flexural vibration tests. The microfibril angle (MFA) was estimated using X-ray diffraction. Consistent patterns of radial variations were observed for all studied properties. E′/ρ was found to decrease from pith to bark, which was strongly related to the increasing pith-bark trend of MFA. The variation of tan δ along the radius could be partly explained by MFA and partly by the gradient of extractives due to heartwood formation. The coupling effect of MFA and extractives could be separated through analysis of the log(tan δ) versus log(E′/ρ) diagram. For the species studied, the extractive content putatively associated with heartwood formation generally tends to decrease the wood damping coefficient. However, this weakening effect of extractives was not observed for the inner part of the heartwood, suggesting that the mechanical action of extractives was reduced during their chemical ageing. © 2011 The Japan Wood Research Society. |
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CIRAD, UMR Ecofog, BP 701, 97387 Kourou Cedex, Guyane Française, France |
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14350211 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jwscf; doi: 10.1007/s10086-011-1189-7; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bai, S.-L.; Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; email: slbai@pku.edu.cn |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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363 |
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Rutishauser, E.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B.; Nicolini, E.A.; Blanc, L. |
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Title |
Contrasting above-ground biomass balance in a Neotropical rain forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
672-682 |
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Biomass balance; Biomass fluxes; Forest dynamics; Permanent plots; Tropical forests |
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Question What are the relative roles of tree growth, mortality and recruitment in variations of above-ground biomass in tropical forests? Location Paracou, French Guiana. Methods We quantified the contribution of growth, recruitment and mortality to total biomass of stands (trees DBH >= 10 cm) in six 6.25-ha permanent plots over 16 yr. Live biomass stocks and fluxes were computed for four separate size classes. Results All plots showed increasing biomass stocks over the study period, with an average value of +0.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Plots aggrading biomass were characterized by either minor biomass losses due to mortality or substantial increases in the biomass of large trees (DBH >= 60 cm). Conclusions Within the study period, the rarity of mortality events could not counter-balance the slow permanent increase in biomass, resulting in an apparent increase in biomass. Accounting for such rare events results in no net change in biomass balance. |
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[Rutishauser, Ervan; Nicolini, Eric-Andre] Cirad, UMR AMAP, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: ervan.rutishauser@cirad.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1100-9233 |
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ISI:000279450200005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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52 |
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Traissac, S.; Pascal, J.-P. |
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Birth and life of tree aggregates in tropical forest: Hypotheses on population dynamics of an aggregated shade-tolerant species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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25 |
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2 |
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491-502 |
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Clusters; Colonization strategy; Janzen-Connell; Spatial analysis; Spatial pattern; Vouacapoua americana |
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Questions: Several studies have described aggregated spatial patterns in tropical tree species. This study investigates aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet), a climax species whose spatial pattern is not simply related to light and soil conditions or to its short seed dispersal range. Location: Two rain forest sites: Nouragues and Paracou, in the Guiana Shield. Methods: We described the spatial pattern of tree locations and spatial autocorrelation of tree diameters, using statistics derived from Ripley's K. We particularly used methods to define analysis subplots according to local density or local mean diameter. We investigated relationships between spatial distributions of adults and saplings. Results: At both sites, populations of Vouacapoua demonstrated several nested levels of aggregation. Tree diameters were spatially autocorrelated, revealing the existence of clusters with similar diameters. In the largest aggregates, tree diameters declined from the centre to the edge. Regeneration was aggregated and occurred mainly at cluster edges and around rare isolated trees, and sapling densities and basal area of adults were negatively correlated. We show that long-distance dispersal events are rare. Conclusions: Environmental factors and seed dispersal only explain part of the observed spatial patterns. We provide two main hypotheses about Vouacapoua population dynamics. First, the lack of regeneration in aggregate centres results in the ageing of existing aggregates. We suggest that this lack of recruitment close to mature trees is due to a Janzen-Connell effect. However, aggregates can continue to grow along colonization fronts. Second, long-distance dispersal events allow the formation of new clusters and play a crucial role in the colonization process. We investigate aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) whose spatial pattern is not simply related to environmental conditions or to its seed dispersal. Regeneration does not occur in centers of aggregate of adults. We suggest that rare long-distance dispersal events and density-dependence predation of seeds and seedlings play a crucial role in formation of new clusters and structuration of larger aggregates. © 2013 International Association for Vegetation Science. |
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69100, France |
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11009233 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jvese; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Traissac, S.; AgroParisTech, UMR ECOlogie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 709, Kourou, 97387, France; email: stephane.traissac@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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532 |
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Vleminckx, J.; Bauman, D.; Demanet, M.; Hardy, O.J.; Doucet, J.-L.; Drouet, T. |
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Title |
Past human disturbances and soil fertility both influence the distribution of light-demanding tree species in a Central African tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
440-453 |
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Keywords |
light-demanding species; moist tropical forests; past human disturbances; shade-bearer species; soil charcoal abundance; soil properties; tree community assemblages; wood-specific gravity; anthropogenic effect; forest canopy; forest ecosystem; shifting cultivation; soil fertility; soil property; tree; tropical forest; Cameroon |
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Questions: In vast areas of Central African forests, the upper canopy is presently dominated by light-demanding tree species. Here, we confront three hypotheses to explain this dominance: (a) these species have expanded their distribution because of widespread past slash-and-burn activities, as suggested by important charcoal amounts recorded in the soils of the region; (b) their abundance is rather explained by soil properties, as this guild establishes preferentially on favourable physico-chemical conditions for rapid growth; (c) soil properties have been substantially influenced by past human disturbances and those two effects cannot be disentangled. Location: Pallisco-CIFM logging concession, southeastern Cameroon (300,000 ha). Methods: We quantified soil charcoal abundance and measured ten soil variables at the basis of 60 target trees that belonged to a list of three long-living pioneer light-demanding (LLP) and four shade-bearer (SB) species. We identified all stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 20 cm within a distance of 15 m around each target tree. Species were characterised by their wood-specific gravity (WSG), which reflected their light requirement. Multiple regression models were used to quantify and test the relative effects of charcoal abundance and soil variables on the mean WSG of the 60 tree communities, as well as the abundance of three guilds: LLP, SB, and non-pioneer light demanders (NPLD). Results: The mean WSG was the only response variable significantly explained by soil variables and charcoal abundance combined. It was significantly negatively associated with soil calcium and Mg content and with charcoal abundance, with soil and charcoal influencing the mean WSG independently. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that past human disturbances and soil fertility have independently promoted the establishment of light-demanding species in western Central African forests, thereby shedding light on tree community assembly rules in these ecosystems which remain considerably understudied compared to the tropical forests of other continents. © 2020 International Association for Vegetation Science |
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Forest is life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Université de Liège – Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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11009233 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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970 |
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Millet, J.; Pascal, J.P.; Kiet, L.C. |
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Title |
Effects of Disturbance Over 60 Years on a Lowland Forest in Southern Vietnam |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
237-246 |
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Keywords |
Lowland tropical forest; disturbance impact; floristic composition; forest structure; Tan Phu forest |
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MILLET J, PASCAL JP & MET LC. 2010. Effects of disturbance over 60 years on a lowland forest in southern Vietnam. Tropical lowland forests are some of the most threatened in the world and this is particularly the case in Vietnam. This study aimed to identify changes in species composition and forest structure in the Tan Phu lowland forest resulting from disturbance over a 60 year period. Analysis of forest composition and structure rely on data from 25 plots of 0.5-ha size established in a lowland secondary forest. The five forest stands described differed greatly from the three forest stand types described in 1943. Some long-lived shade-tolerant species had been replaced by pioneer species, such as Cratoxylon formosum and Shorea roxburghii. In addition to altering composition, forest disturbances had resulted in large changes in forest structure. While in the past, forest stands had a large number of exploitable trees, current forest stands have few trees in the diameter class > 50 cm and sometimes no trees in the diameter class > 80 cm. This paper provides notable results on forest tree ecology, forest dynamics and on the state of secondary forests in Vietnam. This is particularly important as future goods and services will increasingly have to come from such forests. |
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[Millet, J.] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France, Email: jerome.millet@ird.if |
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FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA |
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0128-1283 |
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ISI:000280653200003 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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283 |
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Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Bompy, F.; Jolin, Z.B.; Sermage, J.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Seasonal variation in atmospheric relative humidity contributes to explaining seasonal variation in trunk circumference of tropical rain-forest trees in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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26 |
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Pages |
393-405 |
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bark; drought; secondary growth; seasonality; tropical rain forest; water |
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Large seasonal variation in the rate of change in girth of tropical rain-forest tree species has been described, but its origin is still under debate. We tested whether this variation might be related to variation in atmospheric relative humidity through its influence on bark water content and thickness. Variation in trunk circumference of 182 adult trees was measured about twice a month in an undisturbed tropical rain forest over 18 mo using dendrometers. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment was conducted to test the direct influence of relative air humidity on bark water content and thickness. in the field, most trees displayed highly positive rates of change in girth at the onset of the wet season, while a quarter of the trees displayed negative changes during long dry seasons, whatever their total annual growth. This variation was correlated with environmental conditions, particularly with atmospheric relative humidity. Trees with high bark water content and thickness displayed a stronger decrease in girth during the dry season. in the chamber experiment, desiccation induced a decrease in the diameter of the trunk sections in tandem with a decrease in bark water content. As a result, seasonal variation in the rate of change in girth of tropical rain-forest trees reflects variation in trunk biophysical properties, through the influence of relative humidity on bark properties. but not directly variation in secondary growth. |
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[Stahl, Clement; Burban, Benoit; Bompy, Felix; Jolin, Zachari B.; Sermage, Juliette; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane 745, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: bonal@nancy.inra.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000279100600005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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57 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Harms, K.E.; Ramos, J. |
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Supplemental irrigation increases seedling performance and diversity in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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25 |
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171-180 |
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diversity; Estacion Biologica Los Amigos; habitat filtering; palms; Peru; precipitation; seasonality; seedling recruitment |
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Diversity is positively correlated with water availability at global, continental and regional scales. With the objective of better understanding the mechanisms that drive these relationships. we investigated the degree to which variation in water availability affects the performance (recruitment, growth a rid survival) of juvenile trees. Precipitation was supplemented throughout two dry seasons in a seasonal moist forest in south-eastern Peru. Supplementing precipitation by 160 mm mo(-1), we increased soil moisture by 17%. To generate seedling communities or known species composition, we sowed 3840 seeds of 12 species. We monitored the fates of the 554 seedlings recruited from the sown seeds. as well as 1856 older non-sown seedlings (10 cm <= height < 50 cm), and 2353 saplings (> 1 m tall). Watering significantly enhanced young seedling growth and survival, increasing stern density and diversity. Watering diminished the recruitment of species associated with upland forests, but increased the survival of both upland- and lowland-associated species. Though supplemental watering increased the growth of older seedlings. their density and diversity were unaffected. Sapling performance was insensitive to watering. We infer that variation in dry-season water availability may affect seedling community structure by differentially affecting recruitment and increasing overall survival. These results suggest that differential seedling recruitment and survival may contribute to the observed relationships between water availability, habitat associations and patterns of tree species richness. |
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[Paine, C. E. Timothy; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA, Email: timothy.paine@ecofog.gf |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000264212400006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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118 |
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Gibernau, M.; Orivel, J.; Dejean, A.; Delabie, J.; Barabe, D. |
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Title |
Flowering as a key factor in ant-Philodendron interactions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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24 |
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Pages |
689-692 |
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Keywords |
Araceae; domatia; habitat; nest site; non-specific association; Philodendron solimoesense; territoriality |
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[Gibernau, Marc; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR CNRS 5174, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: gibernau@cict.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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ISSN |
0266-4674 |
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Notes |
ISI:000261254400012 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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128 |
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