@Article{Lehnebach_etal2019,
author="Lehnebach, R.
and Bossu, J.
and Va, S.
and Morel, H.
and Amusant, N.
and Nicolini, E.
and Beauchene, J.",
title="Wood density variations of legume trees in French Guiana along the shade tolerance continuum: Heartwood effects on radial patterns and gradients",
journal="Forests",
year="2019",
publisher="Mdpi Ag",
volume="10",
number="2",
optkeywords="French Guiana",
optkeywords="Growth-mortality rate",
optkeywords="Heartwood",
optkeywords="Heartwood extractives",
optkeywords="Legumes",
optkeywords="Sapwood",
optkeywords="Shade tolerance",
optkeywords="Tropical tree species",
optkeywords="Wood density variations",
abstract="Increasing or decreasing wood density (WD) from pith to bark is commonly observed in tropical tree species. The different types of WD radial variations, long been considered to depict the diversity of growth and mechanical strategies among forest guilds (heliophilic vs. shade-tolerant), were never analyzed in the light of heartwood (HW) formation. Yet, the additional mass of chemical extractives associated to HW formation increases WD and might affect both WD radial gradient (i.e., the slope of the relation between WD and radial distance) and pattern (i.e., linear or nonlinear variation). We studied 16 legumes species from French Guiana representing a wide diversity of growth strategies and positions on the shade-tolerance continuum. Using WD measurements and available HW extractives content values, we computed WD corrected by the extractive content and analyzed the effect of HW on WD radial gradients and patterns. We also related WD variations to demographic variables, such as sapling growth and mortality rates. Regardless of the position along the shade-tolerance continuum, correcting WD gradients reveals only increasing gradients. We determined three types of corrected WD patterns: (1) the upward curvilinear pattern is a specific feature of heliophilic species, whereas (2) the linear and (3) the downward curvilinear patterns are observed in both mid- and late-successional species. In addition, we found that saplings growth and mortality rates are better correlated with the corrected WD at stem center than with the uncorrected value: taking into account the effect of HW extractives on WD radial variations provides unbiased interpretation of biomass accumulation and tree mechanical strategies. Rather than a specific feature of heliophilic species, the increasing WD gradient is a shared strategy regardless of the shade tolerance habit. Finally, our study stresses to consider the occurrence of HW when using WD.",
optnote="Export Date: 1 February 2019; Correspondence Address: Lehnebach, R.; Laboratory of Botany and Modeling of Plant Architecture and Vegetation (AMAP), French Agricultural Research and International Cooperation Organization (CIRAD)France; email: romain.lehnebach@cirad.fr; Funding details: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Funding details: Federaci{\'o}n Espa{\~n}ola de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER; Funding text~1:~The authors thank Gr{\'e}goire Vincent, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois Molino, and Daniel Sabatier for providing demographical data.). The French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD) funded Romain Lehnebach PhD scholarship. This research project was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, no 31703) and benefits from an {\textquoteright}Investissements d{\textquoteright}Avenir{\textquoteright} grant managed by the French National Research Agency (CEBA, ref. 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optnote="exported from refbase (http://php.ecofog.gf/refbase/show.php?record=858), last updated on Wed, 17 Apr 2019 10:10:14 -0300",
issn="19994907 (Issn)",
doi="10.3390/f10020080",
opturl="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060450567&doi=10.3390\%2ff10020080&partnerID=40&md5=a5c5cbb699b0e8b6260a83ed1f07e8e5",
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}