TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martos, F.
AU  - Dulormne, M.
AU  - Pailler, T.
AU  - Bonfante, P.
AU  - Faccio, A.
AU  - Fournel, J.
AU  - Dubois, M.-P.
AU  - Selosse, M.-A.
PY  - 2009//
TI  - Independent recruitment of saprotrophic fungi as mycorrhizal partners by tropical achlorophyllous orchids
T2  - New Phytologist
JO  - New Phytologist
SP  - 668
EP  - 681
VL  - 184
IS  - 3
KW  - Mycoheterotrophy
KW  - Mycorrhizas
KW  - Orchids
KW  - Rainforests
KW  - Saprotrophic fungi
KW  - Stable isotopes
N2  - Mycoheterotrophic orchids have adapted to shaded forest understory by shifting to achlorophylly and receiving carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi. In temperate forests, they associate in a highly specific way with fungi forming ectomycorrhizas on nearby trees, and exploiting tree photosynthates. However, many rainforests lack ectomycorrhizal fungi, and there is evidence that some tropical Asiatic species associate with saprotrophic fungi. To investigate this in different geographic and phylogenetic contexts, we identified the mycorrhizal fungi supporting two tropical mycoheterotrophic orchids from Mascarene (Indian Ocean) and Caribbean islands. We tested their possible carbon sources by measuring natural nitrogen (15N) and carbon (13C) abundances. Saprotrophic basidiomycetes were found: Gastrodia similis associates with a wood-decaying Resinicium (Hymenochaetales); Wullschlaegelia aphylla associates with both litter-decaying Gymnopus and Mycena species, whose rhizomorphs link orchid roots to leaf litter. The 15N and 13C abundances make plausible food chains from dead wood to G. similis and from dead leaves to W. aphylla. We propose that temperature and moisture in rainforests, but not in most temperate forests, may favour sufficient saprotrophic activity to support development of mycoheterotrophs. By enlarging the spectrum of mycorrhizal fungi and the level of specificity in mycoheterotrophic orchids, this study provides new insights on orchid and mycorrhizal biology in the tropics. © 2009 New Phytologist.
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02987.x
N1  - Cited By :65; Export Date: 7 February 2017
ID  - Martos_etal2009
ER  -