@Article{Steidinger_etal2019,
author="Steidinger, B.S.
and Crowther, T.W.
and Liang, J.
and Van Nuland, M.E.
and Werner, G.D.A.
and Reich, P.B.
and Nabuurs, G.
and de-Miguel, S.
and Zhou, M.
and Picard, N.
and Herault, B.
and Zhao, X.
and Zhang, C.
and Routh, D.
and Peay, K.G.
and Abegg, M.
and Adou~Yao, C.Y.
and Alberti, G.
and Almeyda~Zambrano, A.
and Alvarez-Davila, E.
and Alvarez-Loayza, P.
and Alves, L.F.
and Ammer, C.
and Ant{\'o}n-Fern{\'a}ndez, C.
and Araujo-Murakami, A.
and Arroyo, L.
and Avitabile, V.
and Aymard, G.
and Baker, T.
and Ba{\l}azy, R.
and Banki, O.
and Barroso, J.
and Bastian, M.
and Bastin, J.-F.
and Birigazzi, L.
and Birnbaum, P.
and Bitariho, R.
and Boeckx, P.
and Bongers, F.
and Bouriaud, O.
and Brancalion, P.H.S.
and Brandl, S.
and Brearley, F.Q.
and Brienen, R.
and Broadbent, E.
and Bruelheide, H.
and Bussotti, F.
and Cazzolla~Gatti, R.
and Cesar, R.
and Cesljar, G.
and Chazdon, R.
and Chen, H.Y.H.
and Chisholm, C.
and Cienciala, E.
and Clark, C.J.
and Clark, D.
and Colletta, G.
and Condit, R.
and Coomes, D.
and Cornejo~Valverde, F.
and Corral-Rivas, J.J.
and Crim, P.
and Cumming, J.
and Dayanandan, S.
and de Gasper, A.L.
and Decuyper, M.
and Derroire, G.
and DeVries, B.
and Djordjevic, I.
and I{\^e}da, A.
and Dourdain, A.
and Obiang, N.L.E.
and Enquist, B.
and Eyre, T.
and Fandohan, A.B.
and Fayle, T.M.
and Feldpausch, T.R.
and Fin{\'e}r, L.
and Fischer, M.
and Fletcher, C.
and Fridman, J.
and Frizzera, L.
and Gamarra, J.G.P.
and Gianelle, D.
and Glick, H.B.
and Harris, D.
and Hector, A.
and Hemp, A.
and Hengeveld, G.
and Herbohn, J.
and Herold, M.
and Hillers, A.
and Honorio Coronado, E.N.
and Huber, M.
and Hui, C.
and Cho, H.
and Ibanez, T.
and Jung, I.
and Imai, N.
and Jagodzinski, A.M.
and Jaroszewicz, B.
and Johannsen, V.
and Joly, C.A.
and Jucker, T.
and Karminov, V.
and Kartawinata, K.
and Kearsley, E.
and Kenfack, D.
and Kennard, D.
and Kepfer-Rojas, S.
and Keppel, G.
and Khan, M.L.
and Killeen, T.
and Kim, H.S.
and Kitayama, K.
and K{\"o}hl, M.
and Korjus, H.
and Kraxner, F.
and Laarmann, D.
and Lang, M.
and Lewis, S.
and Lu, H.
and Lukina, N.
and Maitner, B.
and Malhi, Y.
and Marcon, E.
and Marimon, B.S.
and Marimon-Junior, B.H.
and Marshall, A.R.
and Martin, E.
and Martynenko, O.
and Meave, J.A.
and Melo-Cruz, O.
and Mendoza, C.
and Merow, C.
and Monteagudo~Mendoza, A.
and Moreno, V.
and Mukul, S.A.
and Mundhenk, P.
and Nava-Miranda, M.G.
and Neill, D.
and Neldner, V.
and Nevenic, R.
and Ngugi, M.
and Niklaus, P.
and Oleksyn, J.
and Ontikov, P.
and Ortiz-Malavasi, E.
and Pan, Y.
and Paquette, A.
and Parada-Gutierrez, A.
and Parfenova, E.
and Park, M.
and Parren, M.
and Parthasarathy, N.
and Peri, P.L.
and Pfautsch, S.
and Phillips, O.
and Piedade, M.T.
and Piotto, D.
and Pitman, N.C.A.
and Polo, I.
and Poorter, L.
and Poulsen, A.D.
and Poulsen, J.R.
and Pretzsch, H.
and Ramirez~Arevalo, F.
and Restrepo-Correa, Z.
and Rodeghiero, M.
and Rolim, S.
and Roopsind, A.
and Rovero, F.
and Rutishauser, E.
and Saikia, P.
and Saner, P.
and Schall, P.
and Schelhaas, M.-J.
and Schepaschenko, D.
and Scherer-Lorenzen, M.
and Schmid, B.
and Sch{\"o}ngart, J.
and Searle, E.
and Seben, V.
and Serra-Diaz, J.M.
and Salas-Eljatib, C.
and Sheil, D.
and Shvidenko, A.
and Silva-Espejo, J.
and Silveira, M.
and Singh, J.
and Sist, P.
and Slik, F.
and Sonk{\'e}, B.
and Souza, A.F.
and Stere{\'n}czak, K.
and Svenning, J.-C.
and Svoboda, M.
and Targhetta, N.
and Tchebakova, N.
and Steege, H.
and Thomas, R.
and Tikhonova, E.
and Umunay, P.
and Usoltsev, V.
and Valladares, F.
and van der Plas, F.
and Van Do, T.
and Vasquez~Martinez, R.
and Verbeeck, H.
and Viana, H.
and Vieira, S.
and von Gadow, K.
and Wang, H.-F.
and Watson, J.
and Westerlund, B.
and Wiser, S.
and Wittmann, F.
and Wortel, V.
and Zagt, R.
and Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T.
and Zhu, Z.-X.
and Zo-Bi, I.C.
and GFBI consortium",
title="Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses",
journal="Nature",
year="2019",
publisher="Nature Publishing Group",
volume="569",
number="7756",
pages="404--408",
optkeywords="Fungi",
abstract="The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools 1,2 , sequester carbon 3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change 5,6 . Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1~million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables---in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition---are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2\% of all plant species 7 , constitute approximately 60\% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers---which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)---are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species. {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
optnote="exported from refbase (http://php.ecofog.gf/refbase/show.php?record=872), last updated on Mon, 27 May 2019 15:23:54 -0300",
issn="00280836 (Issn)",
doi="10.1038/s41586-019-1128-0",
opturl="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065790614&doi=10.1038\%2fs41586-019-1128-0&partnerID=40&md5=416cf3480d062ff4a1f78b6ccd7cf1c3"
}