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Urbina, I.; Grau, O.; Sardans, J.; Ninot, J.M.; Peñuelas, J. |
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Title |
Encroachment of shrubs into subalpine grasslands in the Pyrenees changes the plant-soil stoichiometry spectrum |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Plant and Soil |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Soil |
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448 |
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1-2 |
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37-53 |
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Nutrient stocks; Plant strategy; Plant-soil stoichiometry; Shrub encroachment; Subalpine grassland succession; aboveground biomass; biogeochemical cycle; carbon sequestration; ectomycorrhiza; fungus; grass; nitrogen; nutrient uptake; shrub; soil-vegetation interaction; stoichiometry; subalpine environment; succession; Europe; Pyrenees; Fungi |
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Aims: Shrub encroachment has been reported over a large proportion of the subalpine grasslands across Europe and is expected to have an important impact on the biogeochemical cycle of these ecosystems. We investigated the stoichiometric changes in the plant-soil system along the succession (e.g. increase in encroachment from unencroached grassland to mature shrubland) at two contrasting sites in the Pyrenees. Methods: We analyzed the chemical composition (C, N,15N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe) in the soil and in the aboveground plant compartments (leaves, leaf-litter and stems) of the main herbaceous species and shrubs at three contrasting stages of the succession: unencroached grassland, young shrubland and mature shrubland. Results: The plant-soil stoichiometry spectrum differed between the successional stages. Shrub encroachment generally increased the concentration of C and Ca and the C:N ratio and often reduced to concentrations of N, P and K in the leaves and leaf-litter, while several soil nutrient concentrations (N, P, K Ca and Mg) decreased. The stocks of C, N, P, Ca, and Mg in the total aboveground biomass increased with encroachment. Conclusions: Shrub encroachment favored the dominance of long-lived species with low concentrations of N and P in the plant-soil compartments, high C:nutrient ratios in the aboveground biomass and increase the uptake of N through ericoid or ectomycorrhizal fungi. We highlight the role of shrubs in the sequestration of C and nutrients through the allocation to the aboveground biomass. The changes in plant-soil elemental composition and stocks suggest a slowdown of the biogeochemical cycles in the subalpine mountain areas where shrub encroachment occurred. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. |
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Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain |
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Springer |
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0032079x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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983 |
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N'Guessan, A.E.; N'dja, J.K.; Yao, O.N.; Amani, B.H.K.; Gouli, R.G.Z.; Piponiot, C.; Zo-Bi, I.C.; Herault, B. |
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Drivers of biomass recovery in a secondary forested landscape of West Africa |
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2019 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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433 |
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325-331 |
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Biomass; Cultivation; Ecology; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Agricultural land; Bayesian frameworks; Diameter-at-breast heights; Forested landscapes; Neotropical forests; Old-growth forest; Physical environments; Secondary forests; Forestry; Dioscorea alata |
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The rapidly growing human population in West Africa has generated increasing demand for agricultural land and forest products. Consequently 90% of the original rainforest cover has now disappeared and the remainder is heavily fragmented and highly degraded. Although many studies have focused on carbon stocks and fluxes in intact African forests, little information exists on biomass recovery rates in secondary forests. We studied a chronosequence of 96 secondary and old-growth forest fragments (0.2 ha each) where 32.103 trees with Diameter at Breast Height > 2.5 cm have been censused. We modelled the biomass recovery trajectories in a time-explicit Bayesian framework and tested the effect on recovery rates of a large set of covariates related to the physical environment, plot history, and forest connectivity. Recovery rate trajectory is highly non-linear: recovery rates accelerated from 1 to 37 years, when biomass recovery reached 4.23 Mg /ha /yr, and decelerated afterwards. We predict that, on average, 10%, 25% and 50% of the old-growth forest biomass is respectively recovered 17, 30, and 51 years after abandonment. Recovery rates are strongly shaped by both the number of remnant trees (residuals of the former old-growth forest) and the previous crop cultivated before abandonment. The latter induced large differences in the time needed to recover 50% of an old-growth forest biomass: from 38 years for former Yam fields up to 86 years for former rice fields. Our results emphasize (i) the very slow recovery rates of West African forests, as compared to Neotropical forests (ii) the long-lasting impacts of past human activities and management choices on ecosystem biomass recovery in West African degraded forests. |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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838 |
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Yguel, B.; Piponiot, C.; Mirabel, A.; Dourdain, A.; Hérault, B.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Forget, P.-M.; Fontaine, C. |
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Beyond species richness and biomass: Impact of selective logging and silvicultural treatments on the functional composition of a neotropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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433 |
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528-534 |
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Selective logging; Humid tropical forest; Functional composition; Seed dispersal; Carbon storage; Commercial stock; Anthropogenic pressure; Sustainability |
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Tropical forests harbor the greatest terrestrial biodiversity and provide various ecosystem services. The increase of human activities on these forests, among which logging, makes the conservation of biodiversity and associated services strongly dependent on the sustainability of these activities. However the indicators commonly used to assess the impact of forest exploitation, namely species richness and biomass, provide a limited understanding of their sustainability. Here, we assessed the sustainability of common forest exploitation in the Guiana Shield studying the recovery of two ecosystem services i.e. carbon storage and wood stock, and an ecosystem function i.e. seed dispersal by animals. Specifically, we compared total and commercial biomass, as well as functional composition in seed size of animal-dispersed species in replicated forest plots before and 27 years after exploitation. Species richness is also studied to allow comparison. While species richness was not affected by forest exploitation, total and commercial biomass as well as seed size of animal-dispersed species decreased 27 years after exploitation, similarly to forests affected by hunting. These results show that ecosystem services and function likely did not recover even at the lowest intensity of forest exploitation studied, questioning the sustainability of the most common rotation-cycle duration applied in the tropics. |
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0378-1127 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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839 |
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Piponiot, C.; Derroire, G.; Descroix, L.; Mazzei, L.; Rutishauser, E.; Sist, P.; Hérault, B. |
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Assessing timber volume recovery after disturbance in tropical forests – A new modelling framework |
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2018 |
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Ecological Modelling |
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384 |
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353-369 |
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Disturbance; Ecosystem modelling; Recovery; Sustainability; Tropical forest management |
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One third of contemporary tropical forests is designated by national forest services for timber production. Tropical forests are also increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances. However, there is still much uncertainty around the capacity of tropical forests to recover their timber volume after logging as well as other disturbances such as fires, large blow-downs and extreme droughts, and thus on the long-term sustainability of logging. We developed an original Bayesian hierarchical model of Volume Dynamics with Differential Equations (VDDE) to infer the dynamic of timber volumes as the result of two ecosystem processes: volume gains from tree growth and volume losses from tree mortality. Both processes are expressed as explicit functions of the forest maturity, i.e. the overall successional stage of the forest that primarily depends on the frequency and severity of the disturbances that the forest has undergone. As a case study, the VDDE model was calibrated with data from Paracou, a long-term disturbance experiment in a neotropical forest where over 56 ha of permanent forest plots were logged with different intensities and censused for 31 years. With this model, we could predict timber recovery at Paracou at the end of a cutting cycle depending on the logging intensity, the rotation cycle length, and the proportion of commercial volume. The VDDE modelling framework developed presents three main advantages: (i) it can be calibrated with large tree inventories which are widely available from national forest inventories or logging concession management plans and are easy to measure, both on the field and with remote sensing; (ii) it depends on only a few input parameters, which can be an advantage in tropical regions where data availability is scarce; (iii) the modelling framework is flexible enough to explicitly include the effect of other types of disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic: e.g. blow-downs, fires and climate change) on the forest maturity, and thus to predict future timber provision in the tropics in a context of global changes. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. |
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INPHB (Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet Boigny), Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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813 |
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Bompy, F.; Lequeue, G.; Imbert, D.; Dulormne, M. |
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Increasing fluctuations of soil salinity affect seedling growth performances and physiology in three Neotropical mangrove species |
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2014 |
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Plant and Soil |
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Plant and Soil |
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380 |
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1 |
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399-413 |
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Acclimation; Avicennia germinans; Hypersalinity; Laguncularia racemosa; Leaf gas exchange; Rhizophora mangle; Salt stress |
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Background: Micro-tidal wetlands are subject to strong seasonal variations of soil salinity that are likely to increase in amplitude according to climate model predictions for the Caribbean. Whereas the effects of constant salinity levels on the physiology of mangrove species have been widely tested, little is known about acclimation to fluctuations in salinity. Aims and methods: The aim of this experiment was to characterize the consequences of the rate of increase in salinity (slow versus fast) and salinity fluctuations over time versus constant salt level. Seedling mortality, growth, and leaf gas exchange of three mangrove species, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle were investigated in semicontrolled conditions at different salt levels (0, 685, 1025, and 1370 mM NaCl). Results: Slow salinity increase up to 685 mM induced acclimation, improving the salt tolerance of A. germinans and L. racemosa, but had no effect on R. mangle. During fluctuations between 0 and 685 mM, A. germinans and R. mangle were not affected by a salinity drop to zero, whereas L. racemosa took advantage of the brief freshwater episode as shown by the durable improvement of photosynthesis and biomass production. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into physiological resistance and acclimation to salt stress. We show that seasonal variations of salinity may affect mangrove seedlings' morphology and physiology as much as annual mean salinity. Moreover, more severe dry seasons due to climate change may impact tree stature and species composition in mangroves through higher mortality rates and physiological disturbance at the seedling stage. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland. |
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EA 926 DYNECAR, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 592, 97 159 Pointe-à-Pitre cedex, Guadeloupe (F.W.I.), France |
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Cited By :7; Export Date: 7 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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726 |
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Poorter, Laurens ; Craven, Dylan ; Jakovac, Catarina C. ; van der Sande, Masha T. ; Amissah, Lucy ; Bongers, Frans ; Chazdon, Robin ; Farrioir, Caroline E. ; Kambach, Stephan ; Meave, Jorge A. ; Munoz, Rodrigo ; Norden, Natalia ; Ruger, Nadja ; van Breugel, Michiel ; et all ...... |
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Title |
Multidimensional tropical forest recovery |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science |
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Volume |
374 |
Issue |
6573 |
Pages |
1370-1376 |
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Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics. Tropical forests are highly resilient to low-intensity land use; after 20 years, forest attributes attain 78% (33 to 100%) of their old-growth values. Recovery to 90% of old-growth values is fastest for soil (<1 decade) and plant functioning (<2.5 decades), intermediate for structure and species diversity (2.5 to 6 decades), and slowest for biomass and species composition (>12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters of attribute recovery, related to structure, species diversity, and species composition. Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. |
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American association for the advancement of science |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1039 |
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Sullivan, M.J.P.; Lewis, S.L.; Affum-Baffoe, K.; Castilho, C.; Costa, F.; Sanchez, A.C.; Ewango, C.E.N.; Hubau, W.; Marimon, B.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Qie, L.; Sonké, B.; Martinez, R.V.; Baker, T.R.; Brienen, R.J.W.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Galbraith, D.; Gloor, M.; Malhi, Y.; Aiba, S.-I.; Alexiades, M.N.; Almeida, E.C.; de Oliveira, E.A.; Dávila, E.Á.; Loayza, P.A.; Andrade, A.; Vieira, S.A.; Aragão, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Arroyo, L.; Ashton, P.; Aymard C., G.; Baccaro, F.B.; Banin, L.F.; Baraloto, C.; Camargo, P.B.; Barlow, J.; Barroso, J.; Bastin, J.-F.; Batterman, S.A.; Beeckman, H.; Begne, S.K.; Bennett, A.C.; Berenguer, E.; Berry, N.; Blanc, L.; Boeckx, P.; Bogaert, J.; Bonal, D.; Bongers, F.; Bradford, M.; Brearley, F.Q.; Brncic, T.; Brown, F.; Burban, B.; Camargo, J.L.; Castro, W.; Céron, C.; Ribeiro, S.C.; Moscoso, V.C.; Chave, J.; Chezeaux, E.; Clark, C.J.; de Souza, F.C.; Collins, M.; Comiskey, J.A.; Valverde, F.C.; Medina, M.C.; da Costa, L.; Dančák, M.; Dargie, G.C.; Davies, S.; Cardozo, N.D.; de Haulleville, T.; de Medeiros, M.B.; del Aguila Pasquel, J.; Derroire, G.; Di Fiore, A.; Doucet, J.-L.; Dourdain, A.; Droissant, V.; Duque, L.F.; Ekoungoulou, R.; Elias, F.; Erwin, T.; Esquivel-Muelbert, A.; Fauset, S.; Ferreira, J.; Llampazo, G.F.; Foli, E.; Ford, A.; Gilpin, M.; Hall, J.S.; Hamer, K.C.; Hamilton, A.C.; Harris, D.J.; Hart, T.B.; Hédl, R.; Herault, B.; Herrera, R.; Higuchi, N.; Hladik, A.; Coronado, E.H.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Huasco, W.H.; Jeffery, K.J.; Jimenez-Rojas, E.; Kalamandeen, M.; Djuikouo, M.N.K.; Kearsley, E.; Umetsu, R.K.; Kho, L.K.; Killeen, T.; Kitayama, K.; Klitgaard, B.; Koch, A.; Labrière, N.; Laurance, W.; Laurance, S.; Leal, M.E.; Levesley, A.; Lima, A.J.N.; Lisingo, J.; Lopes, A.P.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Lovejoy, T.; Lovett, J.C.; Lowe, R.; Magnusson, W.E.; Malumbres-Olarte, J.; Manzatto, Â.G.; Marimon, B.H.; Marshall, A.R.; Marthews, T.; de Almeida Reis, S.M.; Maycock, C.; Melgaço, K.; Mendoza, C.; Metali, F.; Mihindou, V.; Milliken, W.; Mitchard, E.T.A.; Morandi, P.S.; Mossman, H.L.; Nagy, L.; Nascimento, H.; Neill, D.; Nilus, R.; Vargas, P.N.; Palacios, W.; Camacho, N.P.; Peacock, J.; Pendry, C.; Peñuela Mora, M.C.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pipoly, J.; Pitman, N.; Playfair, M.; Poorter, L.; Poulsen, J.R.; Poulsen, A.D.; Preziosi, R.; Prieto, A.; Primack, R.B.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Reitsma, J.; Réjou-Méchain, M.; Correa, Z.R.; de Sousa, T.R.; Bayona, L.R.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Rutishauser, E.; Abu Salim, K.; Salomão, R.P.; Schietti, J.; Sheil, D.; Silva, R.C.; Espejo, J.S.; Valeria, C.S.; Silveira, M.; Simo-Droissart, M.; Simon, M.F.; Singh, J.; Soto Shareva, Y.C.; Stahl, C.; Stropp, J.; Sukri, R.; Sunderland, T.; Svátek, M.; Swaine, M.D.; Swamy, V.; Taedoumg, H.; Talbot, J.; Taplin, J.; Taylor, D.; ter Steege, H.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas, R.; Thomas, S.C.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Umunay, P.; Gamarra, L.V.; van der Heijden, G.; van der Hout, P.; van der Meer, P.; van Nieuwstadt, M.; Verbeeck, H.; Vernimmen, R.; Vicentini, A.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Torre, E.V.; Vleminckx, J.; Vos, V.; Wang, O.; White, L.J.T.; Willcock, S.; Woods, J.T.; Wortel, V.; Young, K.; Zagt, R.; Zemagho, L.; Zuidema, P.A.; Zwerts, J.A.; Phillips, O.L. |
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Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests |
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2020 |
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Science |
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368 |
Issue |
6493 |
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869-874 |
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A key uncertainty in climate change models is the thermal sensitivity of tropical forests and how this value might influence carbon fluxes. Sullivan et al. measured carbon stocks and fluxes in permanent forest plots distributed globally. This synthesis of plot networks across climatic and biogeographic gradients shows that forest thermal sensitivity is dominated by high daytime temperatures. This extreme condition depresses growth rates and shortens the time that carbon resides in the ecosystem by killing trees under hot, dry conditions. The effect of temperature is worse above 32°C, and a greater magnitude of climate change thus risks greater loss of tropical forest carbon stocks. Nevertheless, forest carbon stocks are likely to remain higher under moderate climate change if they are protected from direct impacts such as clearance, logging, or fires.Science, this issue p. 869The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Levis, C.; Costa, F.R.C.; Bongers, F.; Peña-Claros, M.; Clement, C.R.; Junqueira, A.B.; Neves, E.G.; Tamanaha, E.K.; Figueiredo, F.O.G.; Salomão, R.P.; Castilho, C.V.; Magnusson, W.E.; Phillips, O.L.; Guevara, J.E.; Sabatier, D.; Molino, J.-F.; López, D.C.; Mendoza, A.M.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Duque, A.; Vargas, P.N.; Zartman, C.E.; Vasquez, R.; Andrade, A.; Camargo, J.L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Laurance, S.G.W.; Laurance, W.F.; Killeen, T.J.; Nascimento, H.E.M.; Montero, J.C.; Mostacedo, B.; Amaral, I.L.; Guimarães Vieira, I.C.; Brienen, R.; Castellanos, H.; Terborgh, J.; Carim, M. de J.V.; Guimarães, J.R. da S.; Coelho, L. de S.; Matos, F.D. de A.; Wittmann, F.; Mogollón, H.F.; Damasco, G.; Dávila, N.; García-Villacorta, R.; Coronado, E.N.H.; Emilio, T.; Filho, D. de A.L.; Schietti, J.; Souza, P.; Targhetta, N.; Comiskey, J.A.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon, B.-H.; Neill, D.; Alonso, A.; Arroyo, L.; Carvalho, F.A.; de Souza, F.C.; Dallmeier, F.; Pansonato, M.P.; Duivenvoorden, J.F.; Fine, P.V.A.; Stevenson, P.R.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Aymard C., G.A.; Baraloto, C.; do Amaral, D.D.; Engel, J.; Henkel, T.W.; Maas, P.; Petronelli, P.; Revilla, J.D.C.; Stropp, J.; Daly, D.; Gribel, R.; Paredes, M.R.; Silveira, M.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Baker, T.R.; da Silva, N.F.; Ferreira, L.V.; Peres, C.A.; Silman, M.R.; Cerón, C.; Valverde, F.C.; Di Fiore, A.; Jimenez, E.M.; Mora, M.C.P.; Toledo, M.; Barbosa, E.M.; Bonates, L.C. de M.; Arboleda, N.C.; Farias, E. de S.; Fuentes, A.; Guillaumet, J.-L.; Jørgensen, P.M.; Malhi, Y.; de Andrade Miranda, I.P.; Phillips, J.F.; Prieto, A.; Rudas, A.; Ruschel, A.R.; Silva, N.; von Hildebrand, P.; Vos, V.A.; Zent, E.L.; Zent, S.; Cintra, B.B.L.; Nascimento, M.T.; Oliveira, A.A.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Ramos, J.F.; Rivas, G.; Schöngart, J.; Sierra, R.; Tirado, M.; van der Heijden, G.; Torre, E.V.; Wang, O.; Young, K.R.; Baider, C.; Cano, A.; Farfan-Rios, W.; Ferreira, C.; Hoffman, B.; Mendoza, C.; Mesones, I.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Medina, M.N.U.; van Andel, T.R.; Villarroel, D.; Zagt, R.; Alexiades, M.N.; Balslev, H.; Garcia-Cabrera, K.; Gonzales, T.; Hernandez, L.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Manzatto, A.G.; Milliken, W.; Cuenca, W.P.; Pansini, S.; Pauletto, D.; Arevalo, F.R.; Reis, N.F.C.; Sampaio, A.F.; Giraldo, L.E.U.; Sandoval, E.H.V.; Gamarra, L.V.; Vela, C.I.A.; ter Steege, H. |
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Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition |
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2017 |
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Science |
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355 |
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6328 |
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925-931 |
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The marks of prehistoric human societies on tropical forests can still be detected today. Levis et al. performed a basin-wide comparison of plant distributions, archaeological sites, and environmental data. Plants domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples are much more likely to be dominant in Amazonian forests than other species. Furthermore, forests close to archaeological sites often have a higher abundance and richness of domesticated species. Thus, modern-day Amazonian tree communities across the basin remain largely structured by historical human use.Science, this issue p. 925The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Liang, J.; Crowther, T.W.; Picard, N.; Wiser, S.; Zhou, M.; Alberti, G.; Schulze, E.-D.; McGuire, A.D.; Bozzato, F.; Pretzsch, H.; de-Miguel, S.; Paquette, A.; Herault, B.; Scherer-Lorenzen, M.; Barrett, C.B.; Glick, H.B.; Hengeveld, G.M.; Nabuurs, G.-J.; Pfautsch, S.; Viana, H.; Vibrans, A.C.; Ammer, C.; Schall, P.; Verbyla, D.; Tchebakova, N.; Fischer, M.; Watson, J.V.; Chen, H.Y.H.; Lei, X.; Schelhaas, M.-J.; Lu, H.; Gianelle, D.; Parfenova, E.I.; Salas, C.; Lee, E.; Lee, B.; Kim, H.S.; Bruelheide, H.; Coomes, D.A.; Piotto, D.; Sunderland, T.; Schmid, B.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Sonké, B.; Tavani, R.; Zhu, J.; Brandl, S.; Vayreda, J.; Kitahara, F.; Searle, E.B.; Neldner, V.J.; Ngugi, M.R.; Baraloto, C.; Frizzera, L.; Bałazy, R.; Oleksyn, J.; Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T.; Bouriaud, O.; Bussotti, F.; Finér, L.; Jaroszewicz, B.; Jucker, T.; Valladares, F.; Jagodzinski, A.M.; Peri, P.L.; Gonmadje, C.; Marthy, W.; O’Brien, T.; Martin, E.H.; Marshall, A.R.; Rovero, F.; Bitariho, R.; Niklaus, P.A.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Chamuya, N.; Valencia, R.; Mortier, F.; Wortel, V.; Engone-Obiang, N.L.; Ferreira, L.V.; Odeke, D.E.; Vasquez, R.M.; Lewis, S.L.; Reich, P.B. |
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Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests |
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2016 |
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354 |
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6309 |
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The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity has been explored in detail in herbaceous vegetation, but patterns in forests are far less well understood. Liang et al. have amassed a global forest data set from >770,000 sample plots in 44 countries. A positive and consistent relationship can be discerned between tree diversity and ecosystem productivity at landscape, country, and ecoregion scales. On average, a 10% loss in biodiversity leads to a 3% loss in productivity. This means that the economic value of maintaining biodiversity for the sake of global forest productivity is more than fivefold greater than global conservation costs.Science, this issue p. 196INTRODUCTIONThe biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR; the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem productivity) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on the functioning of natural ecosystems. The BPR has been a prominent research topic within ecology in recent decades, but it is only recently that we have begun to develop a global perspective.RATIONALEForests are the most important global repositories of terrestrial biodiversity, but deforestation, forest degradation, climate change, and other factors are threatening approximately one half of tree species worldwide. Although there have been substantial efforts to strengthen the preservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity throughout the globe, the consequences of this diversity loss pose a major uncertainty for ongoing international forest management and conservation efforts. The forest BPR represents a critical missing link for accurate valuation of global biodiversity and successful integration of biological conservation and socioeconomic development. Until now, there have been limited tree-based diversity experiments, and the forest BPR has only been explored within regional-scale observational studies. Thus, the strength and spatial variability of this relationship remains unexplored at a global scale.RESULTSWe explored the effect of tree species richness on tree volume productivity at the global scale using repeated forest inventories from 777,126 permanent sample plots in 44 countries containing more than 30 million trees from 8737 species spanning most of the global terrestrial biomes. Our findings reveal a consistent positive concave-down effect of biodiversity on forest productivity across the world, showing that a continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide.The BPR shows considerable geospatial variation across the world. The same percentage of biodiversity loss would lead to a greater relative (that is, percentage) productivity decline in the boreal forests of North America, Northeastern Europe, Central Siberia, East Asia, and scattered regions of South-central Africa and South-central Asia. In the Amazon, West and Southeastern Africa, Southern China, Myanmar, Nepal, and the Malay Archipelago, however, the same percentage of biodiversity loss would lead to greater absolute productivity decline.CONCLUSIONOur findings highlight the negative effect of biodiversity loss on forest productivity and the potential benefits from the transition of monocultures to mixed-species stands in forestry practices. The BPR we discover across forest ecosystems worldwide corresponds well with recent theoretical advances, as well as with experimental and observational studies on forest and nonforest ecosystems. On the basis of this relationship, the ongoing species loss in forest ecosystems worldwide could substantially reduce forest productivity and thereby forest carbon absorption rate to compromise the global forest carbon sink. We further estimate that the economic value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone is $166 billion to $490 billion per year. Although representing only a small percentage of the total value of biodiversity, this value is two to six times as much as it would cost to effectively implement conservation globally. These results highlight the necessity to reassess biodiversity valuation and the potential benefits of integrating and promoting biological conservation in forest resource management and forestry practices worldwide.Global effect of tree species diversity on forest productivity.Ground-sourced data from 777,126 global forest biodiversity permanent sample plots (dark blue dots, left), which cover a substantial portion of the global forest extent (white), reveal a consistent positive and concave-down biodiversity-productivity relationship across forests worldwide (red line with pink bands representing 95% confidence interval, right).The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide. The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone—US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation—is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation. This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities. |
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Bréchet, L.; Ponton, S.; Alméras, T.; Bonal, D.; Epron, D. |
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Does spatial distribution of tree size account for spatial variation in soil respiration in a tropical forest? |
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2011 |
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Plant and Soil |
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Plant Soil |
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347 |
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1 |
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293-303 |
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Forest structure; Litterfall; Root mass; Soil respiration; Spatial variation; Tropical forest; aboveground production; forest inventory; litterfall; range size; size distribution; soil respiration; spatial distribution; spatial variation; stand dynamics; tropical forest |
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We explored the relationship between soil processes, estimated through soil respiration (Rsoil), and the spatial variation in forest structure, assessed through the distribution of tree size, in order to understand the determinism of spatial variations in Rsoil in a tropical forest. The influence of tree size was examined using an index (Ic) calculated for each tree as a function of (1) the trunk cross section area and (2) the distance from the measurement point. We investigated the relationships between Ic and litterfall, root mass and Rsoil, respectively. Strong significant relationships were found between Ic and both litterfall and root mass. Rsoil showed a large range of variations over the 1-ha experimental plot, from 1. 5 to 12. 6 gC m-2 d-1. The best relationship between Ic and Rsoil only explained 17% of the spatial variation in Rsoil. These results support the assumption that local spatial patterns in litter production and root mass depend on tree distribution in tropical forests. Our study also emphasizes the modest contribution of tree size distribution-which is mainly influenced by the presence of the biggest trees (among the large range size of the inventoried trees greater than 10 cm diameter at 1. 30 m above ground level or at 0. 5 m above the buttresses)-in explaining spatial variations in Rsoil. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
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Nancy Université, Université Henri Poincaré, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Faculté des Sciences, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Plsoa; doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0848-1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bréchet, L.; INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou cedex, French Guiana; email: laetitiabrechet@yahoo.fr |
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