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Anouhe, J.-B.S.; Niamké, F.B.; Faustin, M.; Virieux, D.; Pirat, J.-L.; Adima, A.A.; Kati-Coulibaly, S.; Amusant, N. |
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The role of extractives in the natural durability of the heartwood of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh: new insights in antioxydant and antifungal properties |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annals of Forest Science |
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75 |
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1 |
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Alkaloid; Antifungal; Antioxidant; Dicorynia guianensis; Heartwood; Natural durability; Phenols |
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Key message: The natural durability of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh’s Heartwood is conferred by the high content of antioxidant phenolic compounds, especially tannins and flavonoids combined with the presence of fungistatic alkaloids. The content of phenolic compounds increases according to the natural durability classes, from durable wood (class 2) to moderately durable wood (class 3) and correlated to the antioxidant capacity.
Context: The heartwood of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh is resistant to white rot fungi decay, but the mechanism of this natural durability is not fully elucidated.
Aims: Biochemical studies were carried out in order to better understand the role of extractives in natural durability of D. guianensis.
Methods: The powders from durable and moderately durable heartwood were extracted with methanol, ethanol, and hot water. The quantity of total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids as well as antioxidant activity, evaluated by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were determined using colorimetric methods. Antifungal activity was assessed by using two white rot fungi. The bioactive fractions and compounds were obtained using bio-guided fractionation, HPLC isolation, MS and RMN spectroscopic analyses.
Results: Durable woods contain higher amounts of heartwood extract and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was highly correlated with the content of phenolics. The purification of the most antioxidant fraction FII affords the characterization of (+)-catechin (−)-epicatechin, neoastilbin, astilbin, and isoastilbin. Alkaloid fraction FIII exhibits dose-dependent fungistatic activity against Pycnoporus sanguineus Linnaeus and Trametes versicolor Quelet.
Conclusion: Phenolic antioxidants and fungistatic alkaloids positively impact the natural durability of D. guianensis. |
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AM2N, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, ENSCM 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 19 February 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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791 |
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Dézerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Talaga, S.; Céréghino, R. |
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Tank bromeliads sustain high secondary production in neotropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Aquatic Sciences |
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80 |
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14 |
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Biomass turnover; Epiphytes; Food webs; Functional traits; Invertebrates; Rainforests |
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In neotropical landscapes, a substantial fraction of the still waters available is found within tank bromeliads, plants which hold a few milliliters to several litres of rainwater within their leaf axils. The bromeliad ecosystem is integrated into the functioning of rainforest environments, but no study has ever estimated the secondary production, nor the biomass turnover rates of bromeliad macroinvertebrates in relation to other functional traits. We estimated secondary production at invertebrate population to metacommunity level in bromeliads of French Guiana. Coleoptera, Diptera and Crustacea with traits that confer resistance to drought had lower biomass turnover, longer generation times, and slower individual growth than species without particular resistance traits, suggesting convergent life history strategies in phylogenetically distant species. Detritivores and predators accounted for 87% and 13% of the overall annual production, respectively, but had similar production to biomass ratios. An average bromeliad sustained a production of 23.93 g dry mass m−2 year−1, a value which exceeds the medians of 5.0–14.8 g DM m−2 year−1 for lakes and rivers worldwide. Extrapolations to the total water volumes held by bromeliads at our field site yielded secondary production estimates of 226.8 ± 32.5 g DM ha−1 year−1. We conclude that the ecological role of tank bromeliads in neotropical rainforests may be as important as that of other freshwater ecosystems. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. |
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Université de Guyane, UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 29 January 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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790 |
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Dejean, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Compin, A.; Azémar, F.; Corbara, B.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Leroy, C. |
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Hollow internodes permit a neotropical understory plant to shelter multiple mutualistic ant species, obtaining protection and nutrient provisioning (myrmecotrophy) |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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American Naturalist |
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American Naturalist |
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190 |
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5 |
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E124-E131 |
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Ant-plant relationships; Biotic protection; Mutualism; Myrmecotrophy; Stable isotopes; Tachia guianensis |
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The Neotropical understory plant Tachia guianensis (Gentianaceae)- known to shelter the colonies of several ant species in its hollow trunks and branches-does not provide them with food rewards (e.g., extrafloral nectar). We tested whether these ants are opportunistic nesters or whether mutualistic relationships exist as for myrmecophytes or plants sheltering ant colonies in specialized hollow structures in exchange for protection from enemies and/or nutrient provisioning (myrmecotrophy). We noted 37 ant species sheltering inside T. guianensis internodes, three of them accounting for 43.5% of the cases. They protect their host plants from leaf-cutting ant defoliation and termite damage because individuals devoid of associated ants suffered significantly more attacks. Using the stable isotope 15N, we experimentally showed that the tested ant species furnish their host plants with nutrients. Therefore, a mutualism exists. However, because it is associated with numerous ant species, T. guianensis can be considered a nonspecialized myrmecophyte. © 2017 by The University of Chicago. |
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Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR botAnique et Modélisation de l’Archtecture des Plantes et des Végétations, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier cedex 5, Brazil |
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Export Date: 2 November 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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768 |
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Ploton, P.; Barbier, N.; Couteron, P.; Antin, C.M.; Ayyappan, N.; Balachandran, N.; Barathan, N.; Bastin, J.-F.; Chuyong, G.; Dauby, G.; Droissart, V.; Gastellu-Etchegorry, J.-P.; Kamdem, N.G.; Kenfack, D.; Libalah, M.; Mofack, G., II; Momo, S.T.; Pargal, S.; Petronelli, P.; Proisy, C.; Réjou-Méchain, M.; Sonké, B.; Texier, N.; Thomas, D.; Verley, P.; Zebaze Dongmo, D.; Berger, U.; Pélissier, R. |
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Toward a general tropical forest biomass prediction model from very high resolution optical satellite images |
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2017 |
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Remote Sensing of Environment |
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200 |
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140-153 |
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Canopy structure; Forest carbon; Fourier transform; Lacunarity; Passive optical imagery; Redd; Texture; Tropical forests |
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Very high spatial resolution (VHSR) optical satellite imagery has shown good potential to provide non-saturating proxies of tropical forest aboveground biomass (AGB) from the analysis of canopy texture, for instance through the Fourier Transform Textural Ordination method. Empirical case studies however showed that the relationship between Fourier texture features and forest AGB varies across forest types and regions of the world, limiting model transferability. A better understanding of the biophysical mechanisms on which canopy texture – forest AGB relation relies is a prerequisite to move toward broad scale applications. Here we simulated VHSR optical canopy scenes in identical sun-sensor geometry for 279 1-ha tropical forest inventory plots distributed across the tropics. Our aim was to assess the respective merits and complementarity of two types of texture analysis techniques (i.e. Fourier and lacunarity) on a set of forests with contrasted structure and geographical origin, and develop a general texture-based approach for tropical forest AGB mapping. Across forests, Fourier texture captured a gradient of stands mean crown size reflecting well the progressive changes in stand structure throughout forest aggradation phase (e.g. Pearson's r = − 0.42 with basal area) while lacunarity texture captured a gradient of canopy openness (, i.e. Pearson's r = − 0.57 with stand gap fraction). Both types of texture indices were highly complementary for predicting forest AGB at the global level (so-called FL-model). The residual error of the FL-model was structured across sites and could be partially captured with a bioclimatic proxy, further improving the performance of the global model (so-called FLE-model) and reducing site-level biases. The FLE model was tested on a set of real Pleiades images covering a mosaic of high-biomass forests in the Congo basin (mean AGB over 49 field plots: 359 ± 98 Mg ha− 1), leading to a significant relationship (R2 = 0.47 on validation data) with reasonable error levels (< 25% rRMSE). The increasing availability of VHSR optical sensors (such as from constellations of small satellite platforms) raises the possibility of routine repeated imaging of the world's tropical forests and suggests that texture-based analyses could become an essential tool in international efforts to monitor carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradations (REDD +). © 2017 Elsevier Inc. |
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Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Tharandt, Germany |
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Export Date: 25 September 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Leba, L.-J.; Popovici, J.; Estevez, Y.; Pelleau, S.; Legrand, E.; Musset, L.; Duplais, C. |
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Antiplasmodial activities of dyes against Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual stages: Contrasted uptakes of triarylmethanes Brilliant green, Green S (E142), and Patent Blue V (E131) by erythrocytes |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance |
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International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance |
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7 |
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3 |
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314-320 |
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Antimalarial dyes; Brilliant green; Drug uptake; Food dyes; Transmission blocking; Triarylmethanes |
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The search for safe antimalarial compounds acting against asexual symptom-responsible stages and sexual transmission-responsible forms of Plasmodium species is one of the major challenges in malaria elimination programs. So far, among current drugs approved for human use, only primaquine has transmission-blocking activity. The discovery of small molecules targeting different Plasmodium falciparum life stages remains a priority in antimalarial drug research. In this context, several independent studies have recently reported antiplasmodial and transmission-blocking activities of commonly used stains, dyes and fluorescent probes against P. falciparum including chloroquine-resistant isolates. Herein we have studied the antimalarial activities of dyes with different scaffold and we report that the triarylmethane dye (TRAM) Brilliant green inhibits the growth of asexual stages (IC50 ≤ 2 μM) and has exflagellation-blocking activity (IC50 ≤ 800 nM) against P. falciparum reference strains (3D7, 7G8) and chloroquine-resistant clinical isolate (Q206). In a second step we have investigated the antiplasmodial activities of two polysulfonated triarylmethane food dyes. Green S (E142) is weakly active against P. falciparum asexual stage (IC50 ≃ 17 μM) whereas Patent Blue V (E131) is inactive in both antimalarial assays. By applying liquid chromatography techniques for the culture supernatant analysis after cell washings and lysis, we report the detection of Brilliant green in erythrocytes, the selective uptake of Green S (E142) by infected erythrocytes, whereas Patent Blue V (E131) could not be detected within non-infected and 3D7-infected erythrocytes. Overall, our results suggest that two polysulfonated food dyes might display different affinity with transporters or channels on infected RBC membrane. © 2017 The Authors |
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Research Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Institut Pasteur, Paris, France |
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Export Date: 18 September 2017 |
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765 |
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Barraza, F.; Schreck, E.; Lévêque, T.; Uzu, G.; Lopez, F.; Ruales, J.; Prunier, J.; Marquet, A.; Maurice, L. |
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Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study in areas impacted by oil activities in Ecuador |
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2017 |
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Environmental Pollution |
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229 |
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950-963 |
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Cacao; Cadmium; Ecuador; Health risk assessment; Uptake and bioaccumulation |
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Cacao from South America is especially used to produce premium quality chocolate. Although the European Food Safety Authority has not established a limit for cadmium (Cd) in chocolate raw material, recent studies demonstrate that Cd concentrations in cacao beans can reach levels higher than the legal limits for dark chocolate (0.8 mg kg−1, effective January 1st, 2019). Despite the fact that the presence of Cd in agricultural soils is related to contamination by fertilizers, other potential sources must be considered in Ecuador. This field study was conducted to investigate Cd content in soils and cacao cultivated on Ecuadorian farms in areas impacted by oil activities. Soils, cacao leaves, and pod husks were collected from 31 farms in the northern Amazon and Pacific coastal regions exposed to oil production and refining and compared to two control areas. Human gastric bioaccessibility was determined in raw cacao beans and cacao liquor samples in order to assess potential health risks involved. Our results show that topsoils (0–20 cm) have higher Cd concentrations than deeper layers, exceeding the Ecuadorian legislation limit in 39% of the sampling sites. Cacao leaves accumulate more Cd than pod husks or beans but, nevertheless, 50% of the sampled beans have Cd contents above 0.8 mg kg−1. Root-to-cacao transfer seems to be the main pathway of Cd uptake, which is not only regulated by physico-chemical soil properties but also agricultural practices. Additionally, natural Cd enrichment by volcanic inputs must not be neglected. Finally, Cd in cacao trees cannot be considered as a tracer of oil activities. Assuming that total Cd content and its bioaccessible fraction (up to 90%) in cacao beans and liquor is directly linked to those in chocolate, the health risk associated with Cd exposure varies from low to moderate. |
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Laboratoire des Sciences du Bois, UMR EcoFoG, ZI Pariacabo, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 4 June 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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806 |
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Buckland, S.T.; Yuan, Y.; Marcon, E. |
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Measuring temporal trends in biodiversity |
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2017 |
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AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
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AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
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101 |
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4 |
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461-474 |
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Biodiversity measures; Diversity profiles; Geometric mean; Species similarity; Turnover measures |
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In 2002, nearly 200 nations signed up to the 2010 target of the Convention for Biological Diversity, ‘to significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010’. To assess whether the target was met, it became necessary to quantify temporal trends in measures of diversity. This resulted in a marked shift in focus for biodiversity measurement. We explore the developments in measuring biodiversity that was prompted by the 2010 target. We consider measures based on species proportions, and also explain why a geometric mean of relative abundance estimates was preferred to such measures for assessing progress towards the target. We look at the use of diversity profiles, and consider how species similarity can be incorporated into diversity measures. We also discuss measures of turnover that can be used to quantify shifts in community composition arising, for example, from climate change. © 2017, The Author(s). |
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UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou, French Guiana, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 2 November 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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769 |
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Ghislain, B.; Clair, B. |
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Diversity in the organisation and lignification of tension wood fibre walls – A review |
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2017 |
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IAWA Journal |
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38 |
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2 |
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245-265 |
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diversity; fibres; G-layer; lignification; multilayered tension wood fibre walls; S1 + S2 + S3 + G; Tension wood |
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Tension wood, a tissue developed by angiosperm trees to actively recover their verticality, has long been defined by the presence of an unlignified cellulosic inner layer in the cell wall of fibres, called the G-layer. Although it was known that some species have no G-layer, the definition was appropriate since it enabled easy detection of tension wood zones using various staining techniques for either cellulose or lignin. For several years now, irrespective of its anatomical structure, tension wood has been defined by its high mechanical internal tensile stress. This definition enables screening of the diversity of cell walls in tension wood fibres. Recent results obtained in tropical species with tension wood with a delay in the lignification of the G-layer opened our eyes to the effective presence of large amounts of lignin in the G-layer of some species. This led us to review older literature mentioning the presence of lignin deposits in the G-layer and give them credit. Advances in the knowledge of tension wood fibres allow us to reconsider some previous classifications of the diversity in the organisation of the fibre walls of the tension wood. © 2017 International Association of Wood Anatomists. |
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CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 2 September 2017 |
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763 |
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Torroba-Balmori, P.; Budde, K.B.; Heer, K.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Olsson, S.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Casalis, M.; Sonké, B.; Dick, C.W.; Heuertz, M. |
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Altitudinal gradients, biogeographic history and microhabitat adaptation affect fine-scale spatial genetic structure in African and Neotropical populations of an ancient tropical tree species |
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2017 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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12 |
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8 |
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e0182515 |
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The analysis of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) within populations can provide insights into eco-evolutionary processes. Restricted dispersal and locally occurring genetic drift are the primary causes for FSGS at equilibrium, as described in the isolation by distance (IBD) model. Beyond IBD expectations, spatial, environmental or historical factors can affect FSGS. We examined FSGS in seven African and Neotropical populations of the late-successional rain forest tree Symphonia globulifera L. f. (Clusiaceae) to discriminate the influence of drift-dispersal vs. landscape/ecological features and historical processes on FSGS. We used spatial principal component analysis and Bayesian clustering to assess spatial genetic heterogeneity at SSRs and examined its association with plastid DNA and habitat features. African populations (from Cameroon and São Tomé) displayed a stronger FSGS than Neotropical populations at both marker types (mean Sp = 0.025 vs. Sp = 0.008 at SSRs) and had a stronger spatial genetic heterogeneity. All three African populations occurred in pronounced altitudinal gradients, possibly restricting animal-mediated seed dispersal. Cyto-nuclear disequilibria in Cameroonian populations also suggested a legacy of biogeographic history to explain these genetic patterns. Conversely, Neotropical populations exhibited a weaker FSGS, which may reflect more efficient wide-ranging seed dispersal by Neotropical bats and other dispersers. The population from French Guiana displayed an association of plastid haplotypes with two morphotypes characterized by differential habitat preferences. Our results highlight the importance of the microenvironment for eco-evolutionary processes within persistent tropical tree populations. © 2017 Torroba-Balmori et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama |
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Export Date: 2 September 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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762 |
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Author |
Roux, O.; Vantaux, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Orivel, J.; Dejean, A.; Billen, J. |
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Title |
Structural adaptations and mechanism of reflex bleeding in the larvae of the myrmecophilous ladybird Diomus thoracicus |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Arthropod Structure and Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Arthropod Structure and Development |
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46 |
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4 |
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529-536 |
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Keywords |
3D reconstruction; Coccinellidae; Myrmecophagous insect; Reflex bleeding; Ultrastructure |
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Abstract |
Reflex bleeding is an effective defensive mechanism against predators. When attacked, some insects emit hemolymph, which coagulates, quickly entangling their aggressor. Bleeding occurs at weak intersegmental membranes or through dedicated organs, which can be associated or not with glandular cells. Here, we describe the behavior and morphological structures involved in reflex bleeding in the larvae of the ladybird, Diomus thoracicus, which are intranidal parasites of the ant Wasmannia auropunctata. The larvae are tolerated by the ants thanks to odor mimicry, but some rare aggressive ant behaviors were observed that trigger reflex bleeding both at a pair of thoracic tubercles and a pair of posterodorsal abdominal humps. No glandular structure was found in association with these emission points, which suggests that the material emitted was hemolymph only. A 3D reconstruction suggested that reflex bleeding seems to be controlled by muscles whose contraction increases the internal hydrostatic pressure and pushes the hemolymph into a funnel-like structure with an opening to the outside. In D. thoracicus, the morphological structures involved in reflex bleeding are among the most complex and prominent described to date. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd |
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KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59, box 2466, Leuven, Belgium |
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Notes |
Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
778 |
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