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Ruiz-González, M.X.; Lauth, J.; Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Gryta, H.; Jargeat, P.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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An efficient protocol for isolating melanised chaetothyrialean anamorphic fungi associated with plant-ants |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Journal of Basic Microbiology |
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53 |
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1 |
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98-100 |
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Allomerus ants; Black fungi; Chaetothyriales; Fluorescent staining; Isolation method |
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Because of their ecological characteristics, slow growth rates and the presence of contaminants, Chaetothyriales fungi associated with structures built by tropical plant-ants can be difficult to isolate with standard procedures. Here, we describe an easy-to-use protocol for obtaining pure cultures by using cotton as a first substrate. We have further found by means of fluorescent stains that nuclei concentrate either in young hyphae or in the tips of the hyphae. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. |
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Université de Toulouse, ECOLAB, Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 6 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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461 |
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Sist, P.; Brown, N. |
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Silvicultural intensification for tropical forest conservation: a response to Fredericksen and Putz |
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2004 |
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Biodiversity and Conservation |
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13 |
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12 |
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2381-2385 |
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0960-3115 |
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WOS:000225691300011 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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308 |
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Sist, P.; Fimbel, R.; Sheil, D.; Nasi, R.; Chevallier, M.H. |
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Towards sustainable management of mixed dipterocarp forests of South-east Asia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits |
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2003 |
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Environmental Conservation |
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30 |
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4 |
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364-374 |
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Selective logging applied in tropical forests is based on one universal criterion: a minimum diameter cutting limit for all commercial timber species. Minimum diameter cutting limits in mixed dipterocarp forests of the Malesia region lead to high felling intensities (10-20+ trees ha(-1)). Such extraction rates create massive stand damage (> 50% of the remaining tree population), which has a negative impact on the regeneration and growth of many harvested dipterocarp, species. As such, the minimum diameter cutting limit approach is seldom compatible with sustainable forest management. Where basic ecological characteristics of the commercial species are considered in timber harvesting prescriptions, mixed dipterocarp, forests appear capable of sustained timber yields, habitat conservation, and providing other goods and services. This paper first presents the main silvicultural systems developed in mixed dipterocarp, forests of Western Malesia and then reviews current knowledge of dipterocarp, biology to finally develop guidelines aimed at improving the ecological sustainability of production forests of Western Malesia. These guidelines, a pragmatic reflection of science and 'best guess' judgement, include: (1) integration of reduced-impact logging practices into normal management operations; (2) cutting of eight trees ha(-1) or less (with a felling cycle of 40-60 years to be determined according to local conditions); (3) defining minimum diameter cutting limits according to the structure, density and diameter at reproduction of target species; (4) avoiding harvesting species with less than one adult tree ha(-1) (diameter at breast height [dbh] greater than or equal to 50 cm over an area of 50-100 ha); (5) minimizing the size and connectivity of gaps (< 600 m(2) whenever possible); (6) refraining from treatments such as understorey clearing; and (7) providing explicit protection for key forest species and the ecological processes they perform. Further refinement is encouraged to allow for local conditions, and for other forest types. |
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0376-8929 |
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WOS:000188812100007 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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309 |
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Sist, P.; Picard, N.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
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Sustainable cutting cycle and yields in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Borneo |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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60 |
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8 |
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803-814 |
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Based on a 6 year monitoring of the dynamics of a mixed dipterocarp forest in East Borneo (1990-1996), we built a matrix model to predict the sustainable cutting cycle in relation with the extraction and damage rates. Plots were ordered according to three main groups of damage and logging intensity. The first group G1 gathered slightly damaged plots with a remaining basal area greater than or equal to80% of the original (mean logging intensity = 6 trees ha(-1)). Plots belonging to G2, had a remaining basal area varying between 70 and 79% of the original one (mean logging intensity = 8 trees ha(-1)). Finally, G3 gathers highly damaged plots with a remaining basal area < 70% of the original one and a high logging intensity (mean = 14 trees ha(-1)). The mean sustainable cutting cycles predicted in the three groups were significantly different and equal 27, 41 and 89 years in G1, G2 and G3 respectively. However, the respective mean annual extracted volumes were similar: 1.6, 1.8 and 1.4 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1), respectively in G1, G2 and G3. The model suggests that a 40 year cycle, extracting 8 trees ha(-1) (60 m(3) ha(-1)) and an annual volume of 1.5 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1) is the best option to preserve ecological integrity of the forest, to ensure yield sustainability and, according to existing cost analysis, economic profitability. This result is also consistent with other studies which already demonstrated that logging damage reduction using RIL techniques could be only significant with a moderate felling intensity not exceeding 8 trees ha(-1). This felling intensity threshold can be easily achieved by applying simple harvesting rules. |
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1286-4560 |
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WOS:000221039000007 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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310 |
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Sist, P.; Sheil, D.; Kartawinata, K.; Priyadi, H. |
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Reduced-impact logging in Indonesian Borneo: some results confirming the need for new silvicultural prescriptions |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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179 |
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1-3 |
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415-427 |
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Reduced-impact logging (RIL) and conventional techniques (CNV) were compared in a mixed dipterocarp hill forest in East Kalimantan in three blocks of about 100 ha each. Damage was evaluated using pre- and post-harvesting assessments in 24 one-hectare sample plots. RIL techniques nearly halved the number of trees destroyed (36 vs 60 trees/ha). RIL's main benefit was in the reduction of skidding damage (9.5% of the original tree population in RIL vs 25% in CNV). Before logging, mean canopy openness in CNV (three plots only) and RIL (9 plots) was similar (3.6 and 3.1%) and not significantly different (x(2) = 2.73, P = 0.254). After logging, the mean canopy openness was 19.2% in CNV (n = 9 plots) and 13.3% in RIL (n = 8 plots), and the distributions of the canopy class in RIL and CNV significantly different x(2) = 43.56, P < 0.001). CNV plots showed a higher proportion of measurements in the most open class greater than or equal to30% than in RIL. At a larger scale, the area of skidtrail per unit timber volume extracted was halved in the RIL compartment (15 m(2) vs 27 m(2) m(-3) for CNV). However, under high felling intensity (>8 trees/ha), both stand damage and canopy disturbance in RIL approached those recorded in CNV under low or moderate felling regime. Over this felling intensity threshold the effectiveness of RIL in reducing tree damage is limited. In mixed dipterocarp forest where harvestable timber density generally exceeds 10 trees/ha, a minimum diameter felling limit is clearly insufficient to keep extraction rates below 8 trees/ha. Based on these new results and previous studies in Borneo, we suggest three silvicultural rules: (1) to keep a minimum distance between stumps of ca. 40 m, (2) to ensure only single tree gaps using directional felling, (3) to harvest only stems with 60-100 cm dbh. Foresters, policy makers and certifiers should consider these as criteria for sustainable forest management. We emphasise the need to expand harvesting studies to look at impacts and trade-offs across larger forest landscapes, to expand RIL beyond silvicultural concepts and to include the maintenance of other forest goods and services. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000183836300033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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311 |
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Sist, P.; Nguyen-The, N. |
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Logging damage and the subsequent dynamics of a dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan (1990-1996) |
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2002 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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For. Ecol. Manage. |
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165 |
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1-3 |
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85-103 |
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The effects of logging damage on forest dynamics processes were assessed in a lowland dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. From 1990 to 1991, twelve 4 ha plots (200 m x 200 m) each divided into four I ha subplots were set up and all trees with dbh greater than or equal to 10 cm measured and identified at least at the generic level. Logging was carried out from November 1991 to March 1992 in nine plots while three plots served as control. The 48 subplots were grouped according to the proportion Of remaining basal area after harvesting, as follows: group I with more than 80% of the original basal area remaining, group 2 with 70-79%, group 3 with less than 70%, and group 4 as control plots. Remeasurements were carried out just after logging in 1992 and then every 2 years until 1996. Felling intensity varied from I to 17 stems ha(-1) (50-250 m(3) ha(-1)). In primary forest, mean annual mortality remained constant to 1.5% per year throughout the study period while mean annual mortality rate was significantly higher in logged-over forest (2.6% per year). This higher rate resulted from a higher mortality of injured trees (4.9% per year). Four years after logging, mortality rates in logged-over and primary forest were similar. Recruitment remained constant at 8 trees ha(-1) per year in primary forest and varied from 14 to 32 trees ha(-1) per year in logged-over stand in proportion with the amount of damage. In stands with the lowest remaining basal area, the establishment and growth of dipterocarps was strongly limited by the strong regeneration of pioneer species. This study suggests that total basal area removed by logging in primary forest (harvested trees and trees killed during felling and skidding) should not exceed 15% of the original one; reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques applied with a maximum harvesting intensity of 8 trees ha(-1), can keep logging damage under this threshold. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000176620100008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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312 |
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Odonne, G.; Berger, F.; Stien, D.; Grenand, P.; Bourdy, G. |
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Treatment of leishmaniasis in the Oyapock basin (French Guiana): A K.A.P. survey and analysis of the evolution of phytotherapy knowledge amongst Wayãpi Indians |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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137 |
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3 |
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1228-1239 |
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Camopi River; French Guiana; Intercultural exchanges; K.A.P.; Knowledge attitude and practices; Knowledge evolution; Leishmaniasis; Oyapock River; Quantitative ethnopharmacology; Teko; Traditional remedies; Wayãpi |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease with a high incidence in French Guiana, mainly in the middle and upper Oyapock basin, where Amerindian and some Brazilian people live. The main goals of this work were (i) to assess the knowledge about leishmaniasis in the different populations of the middle and upper Oyapock basin, (ii) to study the therapeutic strategies adopted by people affected by leishmaniasis and (iii) to document the use of phytotherapeutic remedies for leishmaniasis. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (K.A.P.) related to this disease and its treatments have been studied according to cultural group and geographical settlement. Within the Wayãpi group, the evolution of the knowledge of phytoremedies over the last 20 years has been characterised by literature-based comparisons. Materials and methods: A total of 144 questionnaires were administered in all the villages of the upper Oyapock and Camopi basins. Correspondence analyses were used for multivariate analysis. Plant species were identified at the Cayenne Herbarium (CAY). Results: The biomedical concept of leishmaniasis correlates well with the Teko and Wayãpi concepts of kalasapa and kalasapau. Although the vector of this disease was not correctly identified, the most commonly cited aetiology (74.5%) was vector-borne, and related epidemiological schemes correlate well with the one encountered in French Guiana. Theoretically and practically, health centres were the most commonly used resource for diagnostic in instances of leishmaniasis infection (65.9%), independently of the patient's cultural group, along with the use of pharmaceutical drugs (85.3%). Pharmaceuticals were commonly utilised despite the frequent (51.5%) use of phytotherapeutic remedies, alone or in combination with drugs. The most cited medicinal plant species for the treatment of leishmaniasis included Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. (Iridaceae, cited 14 times), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae, 9), Cecropia obtusa Trecul (Cecropiaceae, 8), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae, 7), Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae, 6) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae, 6). Multiple correspondence analyses demonstrated that the species used in leishmaniasis remedies are more prone to vary by the user's place of residence than by their cultural origin, which indicates that exchange of knowledge about leishmaniasis remedies has occurred across different cultural groups. Literature-based comparisons between the remedies for leishmaniasis used by the Wayãpi during the 1980s showed a striking evolution, both in terms of diversity of species and number of plants used. The large number of species shared with other Guianese groups argues for intercultural exchange and may explain the majority (57.1%) of the newly used species highlighted in our study. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis is a well-known disease in the studied area. Phytotherapeutic treatments are still in use, although they are not the main source of remedies, and should undergo pharmacological studies to evaluate their potential therapeutic value. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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IRD, UMR152, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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03788741 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 8 November 2011; Source: Scopus; Article in Press; Coden: Joetd; doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.044; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Odonne, G.; CNRS-UMR Ecofog, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, Franceemail: guillaume.odonne@gmail.com |
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368 |
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Herault, B.; Bachelot, B.; Poorter, L.; Rossi, V.; Bongers, F.; Chave, J.; Paine, C.E.T.; Wagner, F.; Baraloto, C. |
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Functional traits shape ontogenetic growth trajectories of rain forest tree species |
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2011 |
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Journal of Ecology |
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J. Ecol. |
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99 |
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6 |
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1431-1440 |
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Bayesian modelling; Functional traits; Growth modelling; Leaf economics; Leaf-height-seed strategy; Plant development and life-history traits; Plant strategy; Stem economics; Tropical rain forest |
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1.Functional traits are posited to explain interspecific differences in performance, but these relationships are difficult to describe for long-lived organisms such as trees, which exhibit strong ontogenetic changes in demographic rates. Here, we use a size-dependent model of tree growth to test the extent to which of 17 functional traits related to leaf and stem economics, adult stature and seed size predict the ontogenetic trajectory of tree growth. 2.We used a Bayesian modelling framework to parameterize and contrast three size-dependent diameter growth models using 16years of census data from 5524 individuals of 50 rain forest tree species: a size-dependent model, a size-dependent model with species-specific parameters and a size-dependent model based on functional traits. 3.Most species showed clear hump-shaped ontogenetic growth trajectories and, across species, maximum growth rate varied nearly tenfold, from 0.58 to 5.51mmyear-1. Most species attained their maximum growth at 60% of their maximum size, whereas the magnitude of ontogenetic changes in growth rate varied widely among species. 4.The Trait-Model provided the best compromise between explained variance and model parsimony and needed considerably fewer parameters than the model with species terms. 5.Stem economics and adult stature largely explained interspecific differences in growth strategy. Maximum absolute diameter growth rates increased with increasing adult stature and leaf δ13C and decreased with increasing wood density. Species with light wood had the greatest potential to modulate their growth, resulting in hump-shaped ontogenetic growth curves. Seed size and leaf economics, generally thought to be of paramount importance for plant performance, had no significant relationships with the growth parameters. 6.Synthesis. Our modelling approach offers a promising way to link demographic parameters to their functional determinants and hence to predict growth trajectories in species-rich communities with little parameter inflation, bridging the gap between functional ecology and population demography. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2011 British Ecological Society. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jecoa; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01883.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Hérault, B.; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou Cedex, France; email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf |
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Hibert, F.; Sabatier, D.; Andrivot, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Gonzalez, S.; Prévost, M.-F.; Grenand, P.; Chave, J.; Caron, H.; Richard-Hansen, C. |
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Botany, genetics and ethnobotany: A crossed investigation on the elusive tapir's diet in French guiana |
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2011 |
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PLoS One |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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10 |
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e25850 |
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While the populations of large herbivores are being depleted in many tropical rainforests, the importance of their trophic role in the ecological functioning and biodiversity of these ecosystems is still not well evaluated. This is due to the outstanding plant diversity that they feed upon and the inherent difficulties involved in observing their elusive behaviour. Classically, the diet of elusive tropical herbivores is studied through the observation of browsing signs and macroscopic analysis of faeces or stomach contents. In this study, we illustrate that the original coupling of classic methods with genetic and ethnobotanical approaches yields information both about the diet diversity, the foraging modalities and the potential impact on vegetation of the largest terrestrial mammal of Amazonia, the lowland tapir. The study was conducted in the Guianan shield, where the ecology of tapirs has been less investigated. We identified 92 new species, 51 new genera and 13 new families of plants eaten by tapirs. We discuss the relative contribution of our different approaches, notably the contribution of genetic barcoding, used for the first time to investigate the diet of a large tropical mammal, and how local traditional ecological knowledge is accredited and valuable for research on the ecology of elusive animals. © 2011 Hibert et al. |
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INRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e25850; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025850; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Hibert, F.; Direction Etudes et Recherches Guyane, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Kourou, French Guiana, France; email: fabricenz@gmail.com |
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343 |
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Author |
Hamon, P.; Duroy, P.-O.; Dubreuil-Tranchant, C.; Mafra D'Almeida Costa, P.; Duret, C.; Razafinarivo, N.J.; Couturon, E.; Hamon, S.; De Kochko, A.; Poncet, V.; Guyot, R. |
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Title |
Two novel Ty1-copia retrotransposons isolated from coffee trees can effectively reveal evolutionary relationships in the Coffea genus (Rubiaceae) |
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2011 |
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Molecular Genetics and Genomics |
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Mol. Genet. Genomics |
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285 |
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6 |
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447-460 |
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Keywords |
Coffea; Evolution; Genetic diversity; LTR-retrotransposons; article; coffee; controlled study; Divo; gene amplification; gene dosage; gene expression; gene insertion; gene locus; gene sequence; genetic identification; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; molecular cloning; Nana; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; plant evolution; plant gene; priority journal; Psilanthus; random amplified microsatellite; retroposon; Rubiaceae; species differentiation; tree; Ty1 copia gene; Coffea; Genes, Plant; Genome, Plant; Phylogeny; Retroelements |
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Abstract |
In the study, we developed new markers for phylogenetic relationships and intraspecies differentiation in Coffea. Nana and Divo, two novel Ty1-copia LTR-retrotransposon families, were isolated through C. canephora BAC clone sequencing. Nana- and Divo-based markers were used to test their: (1) ability to resolve recent phylogenetic relationships; (2) efficiency in detecting intra-species differentiation. Sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP), retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) and retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) approaches were applied to 182 accessions (31 Coffea species and one Psilanthus accession). Nana- and Divo-based markers revealed contrasted transpositional histories. At the BAC clone locus, RBIP results on C. canephora demonstrated that Nana insertion took place prior to C. canephora differentiation, while Divo insertion occurred after differentiation. Combined SSAP and REMAP data showed that Nana could resolve Coffea lineages, while Divo was efficient at a lower taxonomic level. The combined results indicated that the retrotransposon-based markers were useful in highlighting Coffea genetic diversity and the chronological pattern of speciation/differentiation events. Ongoing complete sequencing of the C. canephora genome will soon enable exhaustive identification of LTR-RTN families, as well as more precise in-depth analyses on contributions to genome size variation and Coffea evolution. © 2011 Springer-Verlag. |
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IRD, UMR DIADE, BP 50172, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion 97492, France |
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16174615 (Issn) |
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Notes |
Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Mggoa; doi: 10.1007/s00438-011-0617-0; PubMed ID: 21505885; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Hamon, P.; IRD, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: perla.hamon@ird.fr; Molecular Sequence Numbers: GENBANK: DV666936, HM755952, HM755953;; Chemicals/CAS: Retroelements |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
344 |
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