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Brosse, Sébastien ; Baglan, Antoine ; Covain, Raphael ; Lalague, Hadrien ; Le Bail, Pierre-Yve ; Vigouroux, Régis ; Quartarollo, Grégory |
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Aquarium trade and fish farms as a source of non-native freshwater fish introductions in French Guiana |
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2021 |
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Annales de Limnologie – International Journal of Limnology |
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57 |
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Rivers of French Guiana are still little invaded by non-native fish, but several fish introductions were recently recorded through the development of aquarium fish trade and fish farms. Here we report records of 11 non-native fish species. Among them, four (Cichla monoculus, Heros efasciatus, Mesonauta guyanae and Poecilia reticulata) are established and one of them (Heros efasciatus) is rapidly increasing its spatial range. Two species (Hyphessobrycon eques and Pterophyllum scalare) were not retrieved in recent records and are probably extinct from French Guiana. The establishment status of the five other species (Arapaima gigas, Colossoma macropomum, Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis mossambicus and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) is uncertain and only a few specimens were observed in the wild. Nevertheless, these species, intensively reared in nearby countries, belong to highly invasive species able to cause detrimental impacts on recipient ecosystems. Those first occurrences of invasive fish species in French Guiana should therefore act as an early warning for both researchers and environmental managers. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Coutand, C.; Chevolot, M.; Lacointe, A.; Rowe, N.; Scotti, I. |
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Mechanosensing of stem bending and its interspecific variability in five neotropical rainforest species |
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2010 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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105 |
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2 |
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341-347 |
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Mechanosensing; interspecific variability; trees; lianas; rain forest; neotropical species; bending; biomechanics; Bauhinia; Eperua; Symphonia; Tachigali |
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In rain forests, sapling survival is highly dependent on the regulation of trunk slenderness (height/diameter ratio): shade-intolerant species have to grow in height as fast as possible to reach the canopy but also have to withstand mechanical loadings (wind and their own weight) to avoid buckling. Recent studies suggest that mechanosensing is essential to control tree dimensions and stability-related morphogenesis. Differences in species slenderness have been observed among rainforest trees; the present study thus investigates whether species with different slenderness and growth habits exhibit differences in mechanosensitivity. Recent studies have led to a model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strains model) that predicts a quantitative relationship between the applied sum of longitudinal strains and the plant's responses in the case of a single bending. Saplings of five different neotropical species (Eperua falcata, E. grandiflora, Tachigali melinonii, Symphonia globulifera and Bauhinia guianensis) were subjected to a regimen of controlled mechanical loading phases (bending) alternating with still phases over a period of 2 months. Mechanical loading was controlled in terms of strains and the five species were subjected to the same range of sum of strains. The application of the sum-of-strain model led to a dose-response curve for each species. Dose-response curves were then compared between tested species. The model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strain model) applied in the case of multiple bending as long as the bending frequency was low. A comparison of dose-response curves for each species demonstrated differences in the stimulus threshold, suggesting two groups of responses among the species. Interestingly, the liana species B. guianensis exhibited a higher threshold than other Leguminosae species tested. This study provides a conceptual framework to study variability in plant mechanosensing and demonstrated interspecific variability in mechanosensing. |
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[Coutand, Catherine; Lacointe, Andre] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, PIAF, UMR 547, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: coutand@clermont.inra.fr |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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ISI:000274347000025 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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71 |
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Coutand, C.; Dupraz, C.; Jaouen, G.; Ploquin, S.; Adam, B. |
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Mechanical stimuli regulate the allocation of biomass in trees: Demonstration with young Prunus avium trees |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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101 |
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9 |
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1421-1432 |
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Prunus avium; growth; mechanical stress; bending; biomass; shoot/root ratio; wind; shelter |
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Background and Aims Plastic tree-shelters are increasingly used to protect tree seedlings against browsing animals and herbicide drifts. The biomass allocation in young seedlings of deciduous trees is highly disturbed by common plastic tree-shelters, resulting in poor root systems and reduced diameter growth of the trunk. The shelters have been improved by creating chimney-effect ventilation with holes drilled at the bottom, resulting in stimulated trunk diameter growth, but the root deficit has remained unchanged. An experiment was set up to elucidate the mechanisms behind the poor root growth of sheltered Prunus avium trees. Methods Tree seedlings were grown either in natural windy conditions or in tree-shelters. Mechanical wind stimuli were suppressed in ten unsheltered trees by staking. Mechanical stimuli (bending) of the stem were applied in ten sheltered trees using an original mechanical device. Key Results Sheltered trees suffered from poor root growth, but sheltered bent trees largely recovered, showing that mechano-sensing is an important mechanism governing C allocation and the shoot-root balance. The use of a few artificial mechanical stimuli increased the biomass allocation towards the roots, as did natural wind sway. It was demonstrated that there was an acclimation of plants to the imposed strain. Conclusions This study suggests that if mechanical stimuli are used to control plant growth, they should be applied at low frequency in order to be most effective. The impact on the functional equilibrium hypothesis that is used in many tree growth models is discussed. The consequence of the lack of mechanical stimuli should be incorporated in tree growth models when applied to environments protected from the wind (e.g. greenhouses, dense forests). |
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[Coutand, Catherine; Jaouen, Gaelle; Ploquin, Stephane; Adam, Boris] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, UMR PIAF, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: coutand@clermont.inra.fr |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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ISI:000255987500013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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211 |
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Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Quilichini, A.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Comparison between the anatomical and morphological structure of leaf blades and foliar domatia in the ant-plant Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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101 |
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4 |
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501-507 |
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anatomy; ant-plant mutualism; Chrysobalanaceae; extra-floral nectaries; French Guiana; Hirtella physophora; secondary domatia |
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Background and Aims Myrmecophytes, or ant-plants, are characterized by their ability to shelter colonies of some ant species in hollow structures, or ant-domatia, that are often formed by hypertrophy of the internal tissue at specific locations (i.e. trunk, branches, thorns and leaf pouches). In Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae), the focal species of this study, the ant-domatia consist of leaf pouches formed when the leaf rolls over onto itself to create two spheres at the base of the blade. Methods The morphological and anatomical changes through which foliar ant-domatia developed from the laminas are studied for the first time by using fresh and fixed mature leaves from the same H. physophora individuals. Key results Ant-domatia were characterized by larger extra-floral nectaries, longer stomatal apertures and lower stomatal density. The anatomical structure of the domatia differed in the parenchymatous tissue where palisade and spongy parenchyma were indistinct; chloroplast density was lower and lignified sclerenchymal fibres were more numerous compared with the lamina. In addition, the domatia were thicker than the lamina, largely because the parenchymatous and epidermal cells were enlarged. Conclusion Herein, the morphological and anatomical changes that permit foliar ant-domatia to be defined as a specialized leaf structure are highlighted. Similarities as well as structural modifications in the foliar ant-domatia compared with the lamina are discussed from botanical, functional and mutualistic points of view. These results are also important to understanding the reciprocal evolutionary changes in traits and, thus, the coevolutionary processes occurring in insect-plant mutualisms. |
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[Leroy, Celine; Quilichini, Angelique; Dejean, Alain; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5174, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: orivel@cict.fr |
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ISI:000253489700003 |
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Nicolini, E.; Caraglio, Y.; Pelissier, R.; Leroy, C.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Epicormic branches: a growth indicator for the tropical forest tree, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
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2003 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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92 |
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1 |
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97-105 |
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Dicorynia guianensis; architecture; epicormic branch; primary growth; secondary growth; tropical forest; French Guiana; height : diameter ratio |
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Architectural analyses of temperate tree species using a chronological approach suggest that the expression of epicormic branches is closely related to low growth rates in the axes that make up the branching system. Therefore, sole consideration of epicormic criteria may be sufficient to identify trees with low secondary growth levels or with both low primary and secondary growth levels. In a tropical tree such as Dicorynia guianensis (basralocus), where chronological studies are difficult, this relationship could be very useful as an easily accessible indicator of growth potentials. A simple method of architectural tree description was used to characterize the global structure of more than 1650 basralocus trees and to evaluate their growth level. Measurements of simple growth characters [height, basal diameter, internode length of submittal part (top of the main axis of the tree)] and the observation of four structural binary descriptors on the main stem (presence of sequential branches and young epicormic branches, state of the submittal part, global orientation), indicated that epicormic branch formation is clearly related to a decrease in length of the successive growth units of the main stem. Analysis of height vs. diameter ratios among different tree subgroups, with and without epicormic branching, suggested that trees with epicormic branches generally have a low level of secondary growth compared with primary growth. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. |
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Cirad, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 05, France |
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ISI:000183980200010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Pélozuelo, L.; Carrias, J.-F.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Ant species identity mediates reproductive traits and allocation in an ant-garden bromeliad |
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2012 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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109 |
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1 |
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145-152 |
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δ15N; Aechmea mertensii; Bromeliaceae; bromeliad; Camponotus femoratus; floral traits; fruit-set; mutualistic ants; Pachycondyla goeldii; reproductive allocation; stable isotopes |
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•Background and Aims: Determining the sources of variation in floral morphology is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying Angiosperm evolution. The selection of floral and reproductive traits is influenced by the plants abiotic environment, florivores and pollinators. However, evidence that variations in floral traits result from mutualistic interactions with insects other than pollinators is lacking in the published literature and has rarely been investigated. We aimed to determine whether the association with either Camponotus femoratus or Pachycondyla goeldii (both involved in seed dispersal and plant protection) mediates the reproductive traits and allocation of Aechmea mertensii, an obligatory ant-garden tank-bromeliad, differently.•Methods: Floral and reproductive traits were compared between the two A. mertensii ant-gardens. The nitrogen flux from the ants to the bromeliads was investigated through experimental enrichments with stable isotopes (15N).•Key Results: Camponotus femoratus-associated bromeliads produced inflorescences up to four times longer than did P. goeldii-associated bromeliads. Also, the numbers of flowers and fruits were close to four times higher, and the number of seeds and their mass per fruit were close to 1·5 times higher in C. femoratus than in P. goeldii-associated bromeliads. Furthermore, the 15N-enrichment experiment showed that C. femoratus-associated bromeliads received more nitrogen from ants than did P. goeldii-associated bromeliads, with subsequent positive repercussions on floral development. Greater benefits were conferred to A. mertensii by the association with C. femoratus compared with P. goeldii ants.•Conclusions: We show for the first time that mutualistic associations with ants can result in an enhanced reproductive allocation for the bromeliad A. mertensii. Nevertheless, the strength and direction of the selection of floral and fruit traits change based on the ant species and were not related to light exposure. The different activities and ecological preferences of the ants may play a contrasting role in shaping plant evolution and speciation. © The Author 2011. |
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Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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Export Date: 12 January 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Anboa; doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr253; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Leroy, C.; CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Campus Agronomique, F-97379 Kourou Cedex, France; email: celine.leroy@ecofog.gf |
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378 |
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Colin, F.; Sanjines, A.; Fortin, M.; Bontemps, J.-D.; Nicolini, E. |
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Fagus sylvatica trunk epicormics in relation to primary and secondary growth |
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2012 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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110 |
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5 |
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995-1005 |
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epicormics; European beech; Fagus sylvatica; mixed ZIP models; ontogeny; radial growth; sprouting |
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Background and AimsEuropean beech epicormics have received far less attention than epicormics of other species, especially sessile oak. However, previous work on beech has demonstrated that there is a negative effect of radial growth on trunk sprouting, while more recent investigations on sessile oak proved a strong positive influence of the presence of epicormics. The aims of this study were, first, to make a general quantification of the epicormics present along beech stems and, secondly, to test the effects of both radial growth and epicormic frequency on sprouting. MethodsIn order to test the effect of radial growth, ten forked individuals were sampled, with a dominant and a dominated fork of almost equal length for every individual. To test the effects of primary growth and epicormic frequency, on the last 17 annual shoots of each fork arm, the number of axillary buds, shoot length, ring width profiles, epicormic shoots and other epicormics were carefully recorded. Key ResultsThe distribution of annual shoot length, radial growth profiles and parallel frequencies of all epicormics are presented. The latter frequencies were parallel to the annual shoot lengths, nearly equivalent for both arms of each tree, and radial growth profiles included very narrow rings in the lowest annual shoots and even missing rings in the dominated arms alone. The location of the latent buds and the epicormics was mainly at branch base, while epicormic shoots, bud clusters and spheroblasts were present mainly in the lowest annual shoots investigated. Using a zero-inflated mixed model, sprouting was shown to depend positively on epicormic frequency and negatively on radial growth. ConclusionsSupport for a trade-off between cambial activity and sprouting is put forward. Sprouting mainly depends on the frequency of epicormics. Between-and within-tree variability of the epicormic composition in a given species may thus have fundamental and applied implications. © 2012 The Author. |
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Equipe Architecture et Développement des Plantes, CIRAD, Campus Agronomique de Silvolab, BP 701, 97387 Kourou cedex, Guyane, France |
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Export Date: 8 October 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Anboa; doi: 10.1093/aob/mcs178; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Colin, F.; INRA, Centre de Nancy, UMR 1092 INRA-AgroParisTech LERFoB, 54280 Champenoux, France; email: colin@nancy.inra.fr |
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Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Pélozuelo, L.; Dezerald, O.; Brouard, O.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Mutualistic ants contribute to tank-bromeliad nutrition |
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2013 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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112 |
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5 |
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919-926 |
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δ15N; Algae; ants; Bromeliaceae; food webs; Formicinae; French Guiana; mutualistic interactions; nitrogen; phytotelmata; stable isotopes; tank bromeliad |
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Background and AimsEpiphytism imposes physiological constraints resulting from the lack of access to the nutrient sources available to ground-rooted plants. A conspicuous adaptation in response to that lack is the phytotelm (plant-held waters) of tank-bromeliad species that are often nutrient-rich. Associations with terrestrial invertebrates also result in higher plant nutrient acquisition. Assuming that tank-bromeliads rely on reservoir-assisted nutrition, it was hypothesized that the dual association with mutualistic ants and the phytotelm food web provides greater nutritional benefits to the plant compared with those bromeliads involved in only one of these two associations.MethodsQuantitative (water volume, amount of fine particulate organic matter, predator/prey ratio, algal density) and qualitative variables (ant-association and photosynthetic pathways) were compared for eight tank- and one tankless-bromeliad morphospecies from French Guiana. An analysis was also made of which of these variables affect nitrogen acquisition (leaf N and δ15N).Key ResultsAll variables were significantly different between tank-bromeliad species. Leaf N concentrations and leaf δ15N were both positively correlated with the presence of mutualistic ants. The amount of fine particulate organic matter and predator/prey ratio had a positive and negative effect on leaf δ15N, respectively. Water volume was positively correlated with leaf N concentration whereas algal density was negatively correlated. Finally, the photosynthetic pathway (C3 vs. CAM) was positively correlated with leaf N concentration with a slightly higher N concentration for C 3-Tillandsioideae compared with CAM-Bromelioideae.ConclusionsThe study suggests that some of the differences in N nutrition between bromeliad species can be explained by the presence of mutualistic ants. From a nutritional standpoint, it is more advantageous for a bromeliad to use myrmecotrophy via its roots than to use carnivory via its tank. The results highlight a gap in our knowledge of the reciprocal interactions between bromeliads and the various trophic levels (from bacteria to large metazoan predators) that intervene in reservoir-assisted nutrition. © The Author 2013. |
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CNRS, UMR 8172, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, F-97379 Kourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 9 September 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Anboa; doi: 10.1093/aob/mct147; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Leroy, C.; IRD, UMR AMAP (BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: celine.leroy@ird.fr |
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Brousseau, L.; Bonal, D.; Cigna, J.; Scotti, I. |
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Highly local environmental variability promotes intrapopulation divergence of quantitative traits: An example from tropical rain forest trees |
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2013 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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112 |
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6 |
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1169-1179 |
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common garden experiment; E. grandiflora; ecological traits; Eperua falcata; habitat mosaics; intrapopulation divergence; maternal family inheritance |
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Background and AimsIn habitat mosaics, plant populations face environmental heterogeneity over short geographical distances. Such steep environmental gradients can induce ecological divergence. Lowland rainforests of the Guiana Shield are characterized by sharp, short-distance environmental variations related to topography and soil characteristics (from waterlogged bottomlands on hydromorphic soils to well-drained terra firme on ferralitic soils). Continuous plant populations distributed along such gradients are an interesting system to study intrapopulation divergence at highly local scales. This study tested (1) whether conspecific populations growing in different habitats diverge at functional traits, and (2) whether they diverge in the same way as congeneric species having different habitat preferences.MethodsPhenotypic differentiation was studied within continuous populations occupying different habitats for two congeneric, sympatric, and ecologically divergent tree species (Eperua falcata and E. grandiflora, Fabaceae). Over 3000 seeds collected from three habitats were germinated and grown in a common garden experiment, and 23 morphological, biomass, resource allocation and physiological traits were measured.Key ResultsIn both species, seedling populations native of different habitats displayed phenotypic divergence for several traits (including seedling growth, biomass allocation, leaf chemistry, photosynthesis and carbon isotope composition). This may occur through heritable genetic variation or other maternally inherited effects. For a sub-set of traits, the intraspecific divergence associated with environmental variation coincided with interspecific divergence. Conclusions The results indicate that mother trees from different habitats transmit divergent trait values to their progeny, and suggest that local environmental variation selects for different trait optima even at a very local spatial scale. Traits for which differentiation within species follows the same pattern as differentiation between species indicate that the same ecological processes underlie intra- and interspecific variation. © 2013 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. |
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Université de Lorraine, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France |
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Export Date: 17 October 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Anboa; doi: 10.1093/aob/mct176; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Scotti, I.; INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou cedex, French Guiana; email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Martinez, Y.; Cabin-Flaman, A.; Gibouin, D.; Orivel, J.; Séjalon-Delmas, N. |
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Exploring fungus-plant N transfer in a tripartite ant-plant-fungus mutualism |
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2017 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Annals of Botany |
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120 |
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417-426 |
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Ascomycetes; endophytic fungi; Hirtella physophora; microscopy; mutualism; myrmecophyte; NanoSIMS; stable isotope |
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Background and Aims The plant Hirtella physophora, the ant Allomerus decemarticulatus and a fungus, Trimmatostroma sp., form a tripartite association. The ants manipulate both the plant trichomes and the fungus to build galleries under the stems of their host plant used to capture prey. In addition to its structural role, the fungus also improves nutrient uptake by the host plant. But it still remains unclear whether the fungus plays an indirect or a direct role in transferring nutrients to the plant. This study aimed to trace the transfer of N from the fungus to the plant's stem tissue. • Methods Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the presence of fungal hyphae in the stem tissues. Then, a 15N-labelling experiment was combined with a nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS 50) isotopic imaging approach to trace the movement of added 15N from the fungus to plant tissues. • Key Results The TEM images clearly showed hyphae inside the stem tissue in the cellular compartment. Also, fungal hyphae were seen perforating the wall of the parenchyma cell. The 15N provisioning of the fungus in the galleries resulted in significant enrichment of the 15N signature of the plant's leaves 1 d after the 15N-labelling solution was deposited on the fungus-bearing trap. Finally, NanoSIMS imaging proved that nitrogen was transferred biotrophically from the fungus to the stem tissue. • Conclusions This study provides evidence that the fungi are connected endophytically to an ant-plant system and actively transfer nitrogen from 15N-labelling solution to the plant's stem tissues. Overall, this study underlines how complex the trophic structure of ant-plant interactions is due to the presence of the fungus and provides insight into the possibly important nutritional aspects and tradeoffs involved in myrmecophyte-ant mutualisms. © The Author 2017. |
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Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France |
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Export Date: 2 October 2017 |
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