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Schimann, H.; Vleminckx, J.; Baraloto, C.; Engel, J.; Jaouen, G.; Louisanna, E.; Manzi, S.; Sagne, A.; Roy, M. |
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Tree communities and soil properties influence fungal community assembly in neotropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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52 |
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3 |
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444-456 |
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communities; composition; diversity; habitat; lowland neotropical rain forest; macrofungi; soil properties; trees; ectomycorrhiza; fungus; heterogeneity; Neotropical Region; physicochemical property; rainforest; species inventory; species richness; tree; tropical forest; French Guiana; Agaricales; Aphyllophorales; Basidiomycota |
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The influence exerted by tree communities, topography, and soil chemistry on the assembly of macrofungal communities remains poorly understood, especially in highly diverse tropical forests. Here, we used a large dataset that combines inventories of macrofungal Basidiomycetes fruiting bodies, tree species composition, and measurements for 16 soil physicochemical parameters, collected in 34 plots located in four sites of lowland rain forests in French Guiana. Plots were established on three different topographical conditions: hilltop, slope, and seasonally flooded soils. We found hyperdiverse Basidiomycetes communities, mainly comprising members of Agaricales and Polyporales. Phosphorus, clay contents, and base saturation in soils strongly varied across plots and shaped the richness and composition of tree communities. The latter composition explained 23% of the variation in the composition of macrofungal communities, probably through high heterogeneity of the litter chemistry and selective effects of biotic interactions. The high local heterogeneity of habitats influenced the distribution of both macrofungi and trees, as a result of diversed local soil hydromorphic conditions associated with contrasting soil chemistry. This first regional study across habitats of French Guiana forests revealed new niches for macrofungi, such as ectomycorrhizal ones, and illustrates how macrofungi inventories are still paramount to can be to understand the processes at work in the tropics. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. © 2020 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation |
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Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UMR 5174 UPS CNRS ENFA IRD, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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00063606 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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968 |
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Audigeos, D.; Buonamici, A.; Belkadi, L.; Rymer, P.; Boshier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Vendramin, G.G.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Aquaporins in the wild: natural genetic diversity and selective pressure in the PIP gene family in five Neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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BMC Evolutionary Biology |
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BMC Evol. Biol. |
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10 |
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18 |
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Background: Tropical trees undergo severe stress through seasonal drought and flooding, and the ability of these species to respond may be a major factor in their survival in tropical ecosystems, particularly in relation to global climate change. Aquaporins are involved in the regulation of water flow and have been shown to be involved in drought response; they may therefore play a major adaptive role in these species. We describe genetic diversity in the PIP sub-family of the widespread gene family of Aquaporins in five Neotropical tree species covering four botanical families. Results: PIP Aquaporin subfamily genes were isolated, and their DNA sequence polymorphisms characterised in natural populations. Sequence data were analysed with statistical tests of standard neutral equilibrium and demographic scenarios simulated to compare with the observed results. Chloroplast SSRs were also used to test demographic transitions. Most gene fragments are highly polymorphic and display signatures of balancing selection or bottlenecks; chloroplast SSR markers have significant statistics that do not conform to expectations for population bottlenecks. Although not incompatible with a purely demographic scenario, the combination of all tests tends to favour a selective interpretation of extant gene diversity. Conclusions: Tropical tree PIP genes may generally undergo balancing selection, which may maintain high levels of genetic diversity at these loci. Genetic variation at PIP genes may represent a response to variable environmental conditions. |
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[Audigeos, Delphine; Belkadi, Laurent; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Scotti, Ivan] INRA, UMR EcoFoG Ecol Forets Guyane 0745, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@cirad.fr |
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BIOMED CENTRAL LTD |
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1471-2148 |
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ISI:000280369200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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47 |
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Brousseau, L.; Tinaut, A.; Duret, C.; Lang, T.; Garnier-Gere, P.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
High-throughput transcriptome sequencing and preliminary functional analysis in four Neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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BMC Genomics |
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BMC Genomics |
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15 |
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238 |
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1-13 |
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454-Pyrosequencing; Polymorphism discovery; Tropical rainforest tree species |
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Background: The Amazonian rainforest is predicted to suffer from ongoing environmental changes. Despite the need to evaluate the impact of such changes on tree genetic diversity, we almost entirely lack genomic resources. Results: In this study, we analysed the transcriptome of four tropical tree species (Carapa guianensis, Eperua falcata, Symphonia globulifera and Virola michelii) with contrasting ecological features, belonging to four widespread botanical families (respectively Meliaceae, Fabaceae, Clusiaceae and Myristicaceae). We sequenced cDNA libraries from three organs (leaves, stems, and roots) using 454 pyrosequencing. We have developed an R and bioperl-based bioinformatic procedure for de novo assembly, gene functional annotation and marker discovery. Mismatch identification takes into account single-base quality values as well as the likelihood of false variants as a function of contig depth and number of sequenced chromosomes. Between 17103 (for Symphonia globulifera) and 23390 (for Eperua falcata) contigs were assembled. Organs varied in the numbers of unigenes they apparently express, with higher number in roots. Patterns of gene expression were similar across species, with metabolism of aromatic compounds standing out as an overrepresented gene function. Transcripts corresponding to several gene functions were found to be over- or underrepresented in each organ. We identified between 4434 (for Symphonia globulifera) and 9076 (for Virola surinamensis) well-supported mismatches. The resulting overall mismatch density was comprised between 0.89 (S. globulifera) and 1.05 (V. surinamensis) mismatches/100 bp in variation-containing contigs.Conclusion: The relative representation of gene functions in the four transcriptomes suggests that secondary metabolism may be particularly important in tropical trees. The differential representation of transcripts among tissues suggests differential gene expression, which opens the way to functional studies in these non-model, ecologically important species. We found substantial amounts of mismatches in the four species. These newly identified putative variants are a first step towards acquiring much needed genomic resources for tropical tree species. © 2014 Brousseau et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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BIOGECO, UMR 1202, University of Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France |
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BioMed Central Ltd. |
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14712164 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 18 April 2014; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: 238; Coden: Bgmee; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Scotti, I.; INRA, UMR 0745 EcoFoG, Campus agronomique BP 709, F-97387 Cedex, France; email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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537 |
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Morel, H.; Nicolini, E.; Bossu, J.; Blanc, L.; Beauchene, J. |
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Qualité et usages du bois de cinq espèces forestières adaptées à la plantation à vocation de bois d’oeuvre et testées en Guyane française |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Bois & Forêts des Tropiques |
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334 |
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61-74 |
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propriétés technologiques; qualité du bois; plantation; Guyane française |
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Des essais de plantations forestières ont été menés en Guyane française depuis le début des années 1960 sur plus de 138 espèces (70 espèces natives et 68 espèces exotiques). Une étude récente sur la productivité de ces espèces en plantation (projet ForesTreeCulture, 2013-2015) a mis en avant le fort potentieldeproductiondetroisespècesnatives ( Simarouba amara Aubl., Vochysia tomentosa (G. Mey.) DC., Bagassa guianensis ( Aubl.)) et d’une espèce d’Afrique de l’Ouest ( Tarrietia utilis Sprague) avec des volumes de bois produits supérieurs à 20 m3/ha/an. Cependant, les propriétés du bois de ces espèces commerciales ne sont connues qu’au travers d’arbres issus de forêt naturelle. Nous présentons les propriétés du bois de ces espèces en conditions de plantation – densité, retrait, élasticité, angle du fil, durabilité – et discutons de leurs potentiels et de leurs usages respectifs futurs. Une autre espèce, Cordia alliodora ((Ruiz et Pavon) Oken), a également été retenue bien qu’elle n’ait pas encore été plantée en Guyane française. Cette espèce, native de Guyane, est bien connue en Amérique latine pour son bois et son fort potentiel de croissance en milieu anthropisé. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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786 |
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Guitet, S.; Blanc, L.; Trombe, P.J.; Lehallier, B. |
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Silvicultural Treatments in the Tropical Forests of Guiana: A Review of Ten Years of Trials |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Bois For. Trop. |
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63 |
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301 |
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7-19 |
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cutting cycle; thinning; stand dynamics; logging; French Guiana |
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This article reviews an experimental system set up in French Guiana to test different selective thinning methods that started ten to fifteen years after logging in order to reconstitute commercially viable stands within the shortest time. The thinning methods tested involve a combination of selective intervention within a radius of 10 metres around crop trees and systematic intervention applied uniformly to the entire forest parcel. The resulting thinning intensity produces an 8% to 45% reduction in basal area. While the growth of the residual stand is strongly boosted in all species and for all diameters, there is little change in basal area because of high mortality and lower recruitment of commercial species. Standing commercial capital, however, is strongly affected by the thinning operations as defined. In effect, these thinning methods that benefit crop stems do not meet the objective of shorter rotations in Guiana's tropical logging forests. On the other hand, the measurements made in under-treatment stands agree with those obtained at the Paracou experimental station and confirm the need to adopt long cutting cycles of more than fifty years to ensure that the extraction of valuable species is sustainable in the current logging context in French Guiana. |
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[Guitet, Stephane; Trombe, Pierre-Julien; Lehallier, Benoit] Direct Reg Guyane, Off Natl Forets, F-97307 Cayenne, France |
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CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR |
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0006-579X |
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ISI:000272488700002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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91 |
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Gond, V.; Guitet, S. |
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Remote Sensing in Post-Logging Diagnoses for Forest Management in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Bois For. Trop. |
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63 |
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299 |
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5-13 |
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selective logging; logging impact inspections; French Guiana; remote sensing; forest management |
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This study is part of the activities carried out to monitor tow-impact logging operations in humid tropical forests. The sustainability of these activities is highly dependent on the scale of logging damage, and managers therefore need to carry out effective checks on the quality of forestry work. In this study, remote sensing was used to track the extension of logging operations and to assess damage, through images acquired during and after logging in each parcel. Analysis of the high-resolution images (10 m) clearly identifies logged-over clearings and some skidding tracks, allowing assessments of gaps opening up in the canopy. Several parcels were monitored in this French Guiana study. A simple diagnostic procedure was established for each parcel to assess logging intensity and identify new logging tracks and timber losses. The remote sensing toot thus helps to make more accurate assessments of logging quality and to draw relevant conclusions for the logging company. The study has demonstrated the usefulness of remote sensing to identify damage after logging. The quality of restitution of the damage was validated by means of a database on the logging terrain and through field missions. This post-logging inspection tool can now be automated for fully operational use by forest managers. |
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[Gond, Valery] Univ Laval, Fac Foresterie, Umr Ecofog Guyane francaise, Cirad,UR 36, Quebec City, PQ G1V OA6, Canada |
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CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR |
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0006-579X |
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ISI:000266156700001 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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280 |
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Tahiri, A.; Amissa Adima, A.; Adjé, F.A.; Amusant, N. |
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Pesticide effects and screening of extracts of Azadirachta Indica (A.) Juss. on the Macrotermes bellicosus rambur termite |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Effet pesticide et screening des extraits de Azadirachta indica (A.) Juss. sur le termite Macroterme |
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65 |
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310 |
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79-88 |
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Azadirachta indica; Pesticide properties; Phytochemical screening; Termite |
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To recommend applications in the field of a naturally insecticide plant substance as an alternative to chemical control against termite attacks, several important prerequisites need to be satisfied to ensure its effectiveness. The toxicity, lethal dose, mode of action, persistence of insecticide effect and chemical composition of total aqueous, alcohol and hexane extracts of the leaves and seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, were tested with the Macrotermes bellicosus termite. The extracts were found to be highly toxic to termites on contact, killing the entire population tested. The insecticide effect of the extracts persisted from 2.4 to 4.2 days. The aqueous and hexane extracts were the most toxic (LD50 0.422±0.018 to 4,466±0,162 mg/l). Contact and inhalation were both essential to their effectiveness. The aqueous extract of seeds, which is the most active, is also capable of being transferred through the colony during social tasks. However, it seems to have an anti-appetent effect on termites and does not act by ingestion. It contains phenol compounds (tannins and flavonoids) and saponins. The hexane extract of seeds is oily and contains 11 fatty acids as well as terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins. |
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Cirad Laboratoire de Chimie du Bois, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 20 November 2012; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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447 |
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Tritsch, I.; Gond, V.; Oszwald, J.; Davy, D.; Grenand, P. |
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Territorial dynamics in the wayãpi and teko amerindian communities of the middle oyapock, camopi, French Guiana |
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2012 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Bois Forets Tropiques |
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66 |
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311 |
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49-61 |
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Amerindian populations; French Guiana; Protected area; Slash-and-burn cultivation; System of natural resource use; Territorial management |
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Amerindian populations have been experiencing major socio-economic changes for several decades, in a context of rapid demographic growth. This article addresses the ways in which the Amerindian populations of French Guiana have adapted their land use and natural resource management systems to cope with the pressures exerted on their lands and lifestyles. The aim was to investigate the resilience of their systems for land and natural resource use. The concentration of Amerindian habitats around the town of Camopi, which is linked to the availability of health and school infrastructure and to efforts to promote a sedentary lifestyle, is a factor of increasing natural resource scarcity and social alienation. The system is adapting by fragmenting the Amerindian habitat into peripheral villages and extending farmlands along rivers to access to more space. These villages replicate patterns of spatial organisation that are similar to those found in traditional Wayãpi and Teko villages, except that habitation is sedentary, as families hope to have their villages equipped with at lEast drinking water and electrification. Habitat fragmentation is spatially limited by the time taken for daily journeys to school, and therefore by school bus services (dugout), which means that land use is effectively conditioned by services and infrasrtucture. Other living quarters are maintained at a distance from the village, so that the habitat is bi-local: families have a main home where services and infrastructure are available, and a secondary itinerant home further away, which is chosen according to the quality of farmland, the hunting yield of hunting resources, the history of the location and family networks. These distant homes are kept up by spending income from social assistance on transport. It's thus shown that these Amerindian systems for land and natural resource uses are highly adaptable, in that their sustainability is guaranteed by the reconstruction of a circular pattern of mobility in accordance with the intensity of resource use. |
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Ird Observatoire Hommes-Milieux Oyapock, Cnrs Guyane, 2, avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, France |
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Export Date: 17 April 2013; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: French; Correspondence Address: Tritsch, I.; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane/Cirad, Umr Écologie des forêts de Guyane, Campus agronomique de Kourou, 97310 Kourou, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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482 |
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Sist, P.; Blanc, L.; Mazzei, L.; Baraloto, C.; Aussenac, R. |
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Current knowledge on overall post-logging biomass dynamics in Northern Amazonian forests |
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2012 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Bois Forets Tropiques |
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66 |
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314 |
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41-49 |
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Above ground-biomass; Amazonian rainforests; Logging impact; Silviculture |
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This article presents the effects of logging on the dynamics of above-ground biomass from the results of the post-logging study within two forests: Cikel in Eastern Pará, Brazil and Paracou in French Guiana. The main objective is to compare the impact of commercial logging on the regeneration of the aboveground biomass in these forests whose characteristics differ in terms of structure and growth. In both sites, the intensity of exploitation is a key factor in determining the loss of biomass and the time required for its regeneration. In Paracou, the regeneration of biomass lost during conventional logging of 10 trees per hectare takes 45 years and more than 100 years when operating with higher intensity (21 trees/ha ). In Cikel the forest biomass regenerates after 49 years harvesting 6 trees/ha and that takes 87 years after removal of 8 trees/ha. This regeneration needs similar time on both sites but with lower logging intensity at Cikel, in which felled trees are larger with a greater biomass than those of Paracou. This post-logging study has established a direct correlation of the dynamics of the biomass with the initial structure of the forest, as well as with the parameters of forest dynamics: mortality, growth and recruitment. The accumulation of biomass by the tree growth of the two remaining stands is a key parameter for the net carbon storage, while the contribution of recruitment in Paracou becomes significant only after 10 years after felling. Therefore in view to improve the growth of residual trees, it is compulsory to apply adequate silvicultural treatments such as selective thinning or removal of vines. While the two forests are geographically close enough, their regenerative abilities differ and because of the significant difference in size of the trees, the forest could tolerate more intensive harvesting in French Guiana. |
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Université Antilles-Guyane Cayenne, Guyane, France |
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Export Date: 5 June 2013; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Cirad UR B and SEF, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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489 |
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Author |
Vincent, G.; Caron, F.; Sabatier, D.; Blanc, L. |
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Title |
LiDAR shows that higher forests have more slender trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bois Forets Tropiques |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
314 |
Pages |
51-56 |
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Keywords |
Competition; Fertility; French Guiana; LiDAR; Tree allometry |
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Abstract |
High-density Airborne Laser Scanning was used to derive the Canopy Height Model (CHM) of an experimental forest site in the neotropics (Paracou, French Guiana). Individual tree heights were computed by manually segmenting tree crowns on the CHM and then extracting the local maximum canopy height. Three hundred and ninety-six (396) height estimates were matched from dominant or emergent trees with the corresponding ground records of stem diameters sampled in two plots with different mean canopy heights (28.1 m vs. 31.3 m). Tree slenderness was found to be positively and very significantly correlated with mean canopy height at the plot level. The same correlation was observed at the species population level for the three species adequately sampled. It can therefore be concluded that stratification by canopy height is to be recommended when deriving allometric relationships in order to avoid bias in Above Ground Biomass estimations. |
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Address |
CIRAD, UMR Ecofog, 97300 Kourou, France |
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0006579x (Issn) |
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Notes |
Export Date: 5 June 2013; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: IRD, UMR AMAP, 34000 Montpellier, France |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
490 |
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