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Author Maia, A.C.D.; Gibernau, M.; Carvalho, A.T.; Gonçalves, E.G.; Schlindwein, C. url  openurl
  Title The cowl does not make the monk: Scarab beetle pollination of the Neotropical aroid Taccarum ulei (Araceae: Spathicarpeae) Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 108 Issue 1 Pages 22-34  
  Keywords Flower predation; Nocturnal pollinators; Pollination syndromes; Scarabaeidae; Thermogenesis  
  Abstract Taccarum ulei (Araceae, Spathicarpeae) is a seasonal geophytic aroid, native to north-eastern Brazil, that flowers during two months of the rainy season. Patterns of floral thermogenesis, pollination biology, and floral traits associated with pollination syndromes were studied and compared with those of other Araceae. Two species of cyclocephaline scarabs (Scarabaeidae, Cyclocephalini) were recognized as effective pollinators: Cyclocephala celata and Cyclocephala cearae. Larvae of an unidentified species of fruit fly (Melanolomaspp., Richardiidae, Diptera) were also frequently observed in inflorescences at various maturation stages, feeding on the connectives of male florets and fruits, and thus lowering the reproductive success of individual plants. Beetles were attracted by odoriferous inflorescences in the early evening of the first day of anthesis, during the female phase. The emission of attractive volatiles was coupled with intense thermogenic activity in the entire spadix, unlike other aroids in which only certain zones of the spadix heat up. Pollen release, which marks the beginning of the male phase on the subsequent evening, was not related to floral thermogenesis. Comparative multivariate analysis of the floral traits of T.ulei points to a beetle-pollinated aroid, although some of the observed traits of the species are not common to other taxa sharing this pollination strategy. Such incongruence might be explained by the evolutionary history of the tribe Spathicarpeae and potential pollinator shifts. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London.  
  Address Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil  
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  Notes Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 453  
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Author Fanin, N.; Barantal, S.; Fromin, N.; Schimann, H.; Schevin, P.; Hattenschwiler, S. pdf  url
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  Title Distinct Microbial Limitations in Litter and Underlying Soil Revealed by Carbon and Nutrient Fertilization in a Tropical Rainforest Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 12 Pages e49990  
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  Abstract Human-caused alterations of the carbon and nutrient cycles are expected to impact tropical ecosystems in the near future. Here we evaluated how a combined change in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability affects soil and litter microbial respiration and litter decomposition in an undisturbed Amazonian rainforest in French Guiana. In a fully factorial C (as cellulose), N (as urea), and P (as phosphate) fertilization experiment we analyzed a total of 540 litterbag-soil pairs after a 158-day exposure in the field. Rates of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) measured in litter and litter mass loss were similarly affected by fertilization showing the strongest stimulation when N and P were added simultaneously. The stimulating NP effect on litter SIR increased considerably with increasing initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in litter, suggesting that the combined availability of N, P, and a labile C source has a particularly strong effect on microbial activity. Cellulose fertilization, however, did not further stimulate the NP effect. In contrast to litter SIR and litter mass loss, soil SIR was reduced with N fertilization and showed only a positive effect in response to P fertilization that was further enhanced with additional C fertilization. Our data suggest that increased nutrient enrichment in the studied Amazonian rainforest can considerably change microbial activity and litter decomposition, and that these effects differ between the litter layer and the underlying soil. Any resulting change in relative C and nutrient fluxes between the litter layer and the soil can have important consequences for biogeochemical cycles in tropical forest ecosystems. © 2012 Fanin et al.  
  Address UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana  
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  Notes Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e49990 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 454  
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Author Barabe, D.; Cuerrier, A.; Quilichini, A. url  openurl
  Title Botanical gardens: Between science and commercialization Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Natures Sciences Societes Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 334-342  
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  Abstract Les jardins botaniques: Entre science et commercialisation.  
  Address Enseignante-chercheure en Écologie, CNRS, UMR8172 Icologie des Dorêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 455  
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Author Dejean, A.; Carpenter, J.M.; Corbara, B.; Wright, P.; Roux, O.; LaPierre, L.M. url  openurl
  Title The hunter becomes the hunted: When cleptobiotic insects are captured by their target ants Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Naturwissenschaften Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 99 Issue 4 Pages 265-273  
  Keywords Ant predation; Cleptobiosis; Flies and Reduviidae; Myrmecophyte; Social wasps; Stingless bees  
  Abstract Here we show that trying to rob prey (cleptobiosis) from a highly specialized predatory ant species is risky. To capture prey, Allomerus decemarticulatus workers build gallery-shaped traps on the stems of their associated myrmecophyte, Hirtella physophora. We wondered whether the frequent presence of immobilized prey on the trap attracted flying cleptoparasites. Nine social wasp species nest in the H. physophora foliage; of the six species studied, only Angiopolybia pallens rob prey from Allomerus colonies. For those H. physophora not sheltering wasps, we noted cleptobiosis by stingless bees (Trigona), social wasps (A. pallens and five Agelaia species), assassin bugs (Reduviidae), and flies. A relationship between the size of the robbers and their rate of capture by ambushing Allomerus workers was established for social wasps; small wasps were easily captured, while the largest never were. Reduviids, which are slow to extract their rostrum from prey, were always captured, while Trigona and flies often escaped. The balance sheet for the ants was positive vis-à-vis the reduviids and four out of the six social wasp species. For the latter, wasps began by cutting up parts of the prey's abdomen and were captured (or abandoned the prey) before the entire abdomen was retrieved so that the total weight of the captured wasps exceeded that of the prey abdomens. For A. pallens, we show that the number of individuals captured during attempts at cleptobiosis increases with the size of the Allomerus' prey. © Springer-Verlag 2012.  
  Address Department of Biology, Lower Columbia College, 1600 Maple St., Longview, WA 98632, United States  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 16 January 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 458  
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Author Barabe, D.; Lacroix, C.; Gibernau, M. pdf  url
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  Title Developmental floral morphology of Syngonium in the context of the tribe Caladieae (Araceae) Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Willdenowia – Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 297-305  
  Keywords Aroids; Inflorescence; Phylogeny; Oxalate Crystals; Flower  
  Abstract The floral development of Syngonium angustatum is analysed in the context of a recently published molecular phylogeny of the Araceae. The initiation of discoid floral primordia occurs acropetally on the surface of the inflorescence. Female flowers, atypical bisexual flowers, sterile male flowers and male flowers are inserted on the same phyllotactic spirals on the spadix. Stamen primordia are initiated simultaneously on the periphery of more or less circular floral primordia. There are four stamens per flower (rarely three). In a synandrium, the fusion of stamens occurs very early during their developmental cycle. In some flowers one or two stamens remain free. The staminodes are also initiated on the periphery of the discoid floral primordium and their number varies from four to six. The growth of the fused staminodes will eventually form a longitudinal cavity in the centre of the mature synandrode. On the synandrodes located near the female zone, one or two staminodes remain free during development. No atypical bisexual flowers were observed on the inflorescence of Syngonium. The presence of a few calcium oxalate crystals was observed on the surface of all types of flowers. All the atypical flowers located at the base of the sterile zone corresponded to sterile male flowers and resulted from a more or less random disorganisation of the typical structure of a synandrode. In the Aroideae, free stamens or staminodes represent a plesiomorphic condition. The association of synandria and synandrodes is present in all early diverging genera of the tribe Caladieae and could represent the ancestral state. It is not clear if free stamens have evolved once or twice in the tribe Caladieae, both scenarios are possible.  
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  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 460  
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Author Aimene, Y.; Dorville, R.; Omrane, A. url  openurl
  Title Optimal control for trees trunk diameter estimation in rain forest ecology Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Applied Mathematical Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 17-20 Pages 807-816  
  Keywords Missing data; Optimal control; Tree trunk diameter  
  Abstract We study the optimal control question for an important mechanical problem related to tree trunk diameter variation in tropical forest ecology where some data are missing. Within a cost function, the control problem is formulated with a mechanical model that requires boundary conditions tosolve all equations. We give a characterization of the optimal measurement function for the tree trunk problem.  
  Address Laboratoire CEREGMIA EA 2440, Université Antilles-Guyane, I.E.S.G Campus de Trou-Biran, Route de Baduel, 97337 Cayenne, French Guiana  
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  Notes Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 469  
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Author Molto, Q.; Rossi, V.; Blanc, L. url  openurl
  Title Error propagation in biomass estimation in tropical forests Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Methods in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 175-183  
  Keywords Bayesian framework; Modelling; Redd; Uncertainty propagation  
  Abstract Reliable above-ground biomass (AGB) estimates are required for studies of carbon fluxes and stocks. However, there is a huge lack of knowledge concerning the precision of AGB estimates and the sources of this uncertainty. At the tree level, the tree height is predicted using the tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and a height sub-model. The wood-specific gravity (WSG) is predicted with taxonomic information and a WSG sub-model. The tree mass is predicted using the predicted height, the predicted WSG and the biomass sub-model. Our models were inferred with Bayesian methods and the uncertainty propagated with a Monte Carlo scheme. The uncertainties in the predictions of tree height, tree WSG and tree mass were neglected sequentially to quantify their contributions to the uncertainty in AGB. The study was conducted in French Guiana where long-term research on forest ecosystems provided an outstanding data collection on tree height, tree dynamics, tree mass and species WSG. We found that the uncertainty in the AGB estimates was found to derive primarily from the biomass sub-model. The models used to predict the tree heights and WSG contributed negligible uncertainty to the final estimate. Considering our results, a poor knowledge of WSG and the height-diameter relationship does not increase the uncertainty in AGB estimates. However, it could lead to bias. Therefore, models and databases should be used with care. This study provides a methodological framework that can be broadly used by foresters and plant ecologist. It provides the accurate confidence intervals associated with forest AGB estimates made from inventory data. When estimating region-scale AGB values (through spatial interpolation, spatial modelling or satellite signal treatment), the uncertainty of the forest AGB value in the reference forest plots has to be taken in account. We believe that in the light of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation debate, our method is a crucial step in monitoring carbon stocks and their spatio-temporal evolution. © 2012 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2012 British Ecological Society.  
  Address CIRAD, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', Kourou Cedex, 97 379, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 470  
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Author Brémaud, I.; Ruelle, J.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. doi  openurl
  Title Changes in viscoelastic vibrational properties between compression and normal wood: Roles of microfibril angle and of lignin Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Holzforschung Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 75-85  
  Keywords Compression wood (CW); Damping coefficient; Ft-Ir; Internal friction; Lignin; Microfibril angle (MFA); Picea abies; Pinus pinaster; Pinus sylvestris; Specific dynamic modulus of elasticity; Viscoelastic vibrational properties  
  Abstract This study aims at better understanding the respective influences of specific gravity (γ ), microfibril angle (MFA), and cell wall matrix polymers on viscoelastic vibrational properties of wood in the axial direction. The wide variations of properties between normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) are in focus. Three young bent trees (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster ), which recovered verticality, were sampled. Several observed differences between NW and CW were highly significant in terms of anatomical, physical (γ, shrinkage, CIE Lab colorimetry), mechanical (compressive strength), and vibrational properties. The specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E′/γ) decreases with increasing MFA, and Young's modulus (E′) can be satisfactorily explained by γ and MFA. Apparently, the type of the cell wall polymer matrix is not influential in this regard. The damping coefficient (tan δ) does not depend solely on the MFA of NW and CW. The tanδ-E′/γ relationship evidences that, at equivalent E′/γ, the tan δ of CW is approximately 34% lower than that of NW. This observation is ascribed to the more condensed nature of CW lignins, and this is discussed in the context of previous findings in other hygrothermal and time/frequency domains. It is proposed that the lignin structure and the amount and type of extractives, which are both different in various species, are partly responsible for taxonomy-related damping characteristics. Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston.  
  Address Wood Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland  
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  Notes Export Date: 25 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 471  
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Author Audigeos, D.; Brousseau, L.; Traissac, S.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. url  doi
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  Title Molecular divergence in tropical tree populations occupying environmental mosaics Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Evolutionary Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 529-544  
  Keywords Candidate genes; Drought; Eperua falcata; Flooding; Neotropics; Outlier loci; Tree genetics  
  Abstract Unveiling the genetic basis of local adaptation to environmental variation is a major goal in molecular ecology. In rugged landscapes characterized by environmental mosaics, living populations and communities can experience steep ecological gradients over very short geographical distances. In lowland tropical forests, interspecific divergence in edaphic specialization (for seasonally flooded bottomlands and seasonally dry terra firme soils) has been proven by ecological studies on adaptive traits. Some species are nevertheless capable of covering the entire span of the gradient; intraspecific variation for adaptation to contrasting conditions may explain the distribution of such ecological generalists. We investigated whether local divergence happens at small spatial scales in two stands of Eperua falcata (Fabaceae), a widespread tree species of the Guiana Shield. We investigated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) and sequence divergence as well as spatial genetic structure (SGS) at four genes putatively involved in stress response and three genes with unknown function. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among sub-populations within stands, and eight SNP loci showed patterns compatible with disruptive selection. SGS analysis showed genetic turnover along the gradients at three loci, and at least one haplotype was found to be in repulsion with one habitat. Taken together, these results suggest genetic differentiation at small spatial scale in spite of gene flow. We hypothesize that heterogeneous environments may cause molecular divergence, possibly associated to local adaptation in E. falcata. © 2012 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.  
  Address AgroParisTech-ENGREF, UMR 0745, EcoFoG ('Ecologie des forêts de Guyane'), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 28 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 472  
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Author Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Wagner, F.; Goret, J.-Y.; Bompy, F.; Bonal, D. url  openurl
  Title Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange of Tropical Canopy Trees Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 155-164  
  Keywords French Guiana; Photosynthesis; Predawn leaf water potential; Rain forest; Relative extractable water; Respiration; Soil drought; Transpiration  
  Abstract Seasonal variations in environmental conditions influence the functioning of the whole ecosystem of tropical rain forests, but as yet little is known about how such variations directly influence the leaf gas exchange and transpiration of individual canopy tree species. We examined the influence of seasonal variations in relative extractable water in the upper soil layers on predawn leaf water potential, saturated net photosynthesis, leaf dark respiration, stomatal conductance, and tree transpiration of 13 tropical rain forest canopy trees (eight species) over 2 yr in French Guiana. The canopies were accessed by climbing ropes attached to the trees and to a tower. Our results indicate that a small proportion of the studied trees were unaffected by soil water depletion during seasonal dry periods, probably thanks to efficient deep root systems. The trees showing decreased tree water status (i.e., predawn leaf water potential) displayed a wide range of leaf gas exchange responses. Some trees strongly regulated photosynthesis and transpiration when relative extractable water decreased drastically. In contrast, other trees showed little variation, thus indicating good adaptation to soil drought conditions. These results have important applications to modeling approaches: indeed, precise evaluation and grouping of these response patterns are required before any tree-based functional models can efficiently describe the response of tropical rain forest ecosystems to future changes in environmental conditions. © 2012 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.  
  Address INRA, UMR 1137 Université de Lorraine, INRA Nancy 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière', Champenoux 54280, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 13 March 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 474  
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