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Brienen, R.J.W.; Phillips, O.L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Gloor, E.; Baker, T.R.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Malhi, Y.; Lewis, S.L.; Vásquez Martinez, R.; Alexiades, M.; Álvarez Dávila, E.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Andrade, A.; Aragaõ, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard C., G.A.; Bánki, O.S.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.; Bonal, D.; Boot, R.G.A.; Camargo, J.L.C.; Castilho, C.V.; Chama, V.; Chao, K.J.; Chave, J.; Comiskey, J.A.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Da Costa, L.; De Oliveira, E.A.; Di Fiore, A.; Erwin, T.L.; Fauset, S.; Forsthofer, M.; Galbraith, D.R.; Grahame, E.S.; Groot, N.; Herault, B.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Laurance, S.; Licona, J.; Magnussen, W.E.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Mendoza, C.; Neill, D.A.; Nogueira, E.M.; Núñez, P.; Pallqui Camacho, N.C.; Parada, A.; Pardo-Molina, G.; Peacock, J.; Penã-Claros, M.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Poorter, L.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramírez, F.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Restrepo, Z.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Salomaõ, R.P.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, N.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Talbot, J.; Ter Steege, H.; Teran-Aguilar, J.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Toledo, M.; Torello-Raventos, M.; Umetsu, R.K.; Van Der Heijden, G.M.F.; Van Der Hout, P.; Guimarães Vieira, I.C.; Vieira, S.A.; Vilanova, E.; Vos, V.A.; Zagt, R.J. |
| Title |
Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
519 |
Issue |
7543 |
Pages |
344-348 |
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models. © 2015 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. |
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Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra Nu 362Riberalta, Bolivia |
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Export Date: 1 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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591 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Mendoza, I.; Rougerie, R.; Decaëns, T.; Herault, B.; Bénéluz, F. |
| Title |
Stay Out (Almost) All Night: Contrasting Responses in Flight Activity Among Tropical Moth Assemblages |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Neotropical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neotropical Entomology |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
109-115 |
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Behavior; diel activity; light trap; monitoring; moth; tropical forest |
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Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity. © 2015, Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. |
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Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRSMontpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 9 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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592 |
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Malé, P.-J.G.; Leroy, C.; Lusignan, L.; Petitclerc, F.; Quilichini, A.; Orivel, J. |
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The reproductive biology of the myrmecophyte, Hirtella physophora, and the limitation of negative interactions between pollinators and ants |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Arthropod-Plant Interactions |
Abbreviated Journal |
Arthropod-Plant Interactions |
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9 |
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1 |
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23-31 |
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Ant-plant; Ant–pollinator interactions; Floral structure and display; Plant reproductive biology; Spatial and temporal segregation |
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Myrmecophytism occurs in plants that offer ants a nesting space and, often, food rewards in exchange for protection from predators and competitors. Such biotic protection by ants can, however, interfere with the activity of pollinators leading to potential negative consequences for the plant’s reproduction. In this study, we focused on the association between the understory myrmecophyte, Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae), and its obligate ant partner, Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae). We investigated the reproductive biology of H. physophora and the putative mechanisms that may limit ant–pollinator conflict. Our results show that H. physophora is an obligate outcrosser, self-incompatible, and potentially insect-pollinated species. The reproduction of H. physophora relies entirely on pollen transfer by pollinators that are likely quite specific. Potential interference between flower-visiting insects during pollination may also be lessened by a spatial and temporal segregation of ant and pollinator activities, thus enabling pollen transfer and fruit production. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. |
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IRD, UMR AMAP (botAnique et bioinforMatique de l’Architecture des Plantes), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 9 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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593 |
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Dejean, A.; Corbara, B.; Céréghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Roux, O.; Rossi, V.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Compin, A. |
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Traits allowing some ant species to nest syntopically with the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Science |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
289-294 |
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Ant community; Fire ants; Invasive species; Solenopsis saevissima; Species coexistence; Supercoloniality |
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Supercolonies of the red fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) develop in disturbed environments and likely alter the ant community in the native range of the species. For example, in French Guiana only 8 ant species were repeatedly noted as nesting in close vicinity to its mounds. Here, we verified if a shared set of biological, ecological, and behavioral traits might explain how these 8 species are able to nest in the presence of S. saevissima. We did not find this to be the case. We did find, however, that all of them are able to live in disturbed habitats. It is likely that over the course of evolution each of these species acquired the capacity to live syntopically with S. saevissima through its own set of traits, where colony size (4 species develop large colonies), cuticular compounds which do not trigger aggressiveness (6 species) and submissive behaviors (4 species) complement each other. © 2013 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. |
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U.P.A. Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio UESC/CEPLAC, C.P. 7Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil |
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Export Date: 9 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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594 |
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Bompy, F.; Imbert, D.; Dulormne, M. |
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Impact patterns of soil salinity variations on the survival rate, growth performances, and physiology of Pterocarpus officinalis seedlings |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Trees – Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees – Structure and Function |
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29 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
119-128 |
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Acclimation; Leaf chemical composition; Leaf gas exchange; NaCl salinity; Tropical swamp forest; Vegetative growth |
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Key message: Pterocarpus officinalisis able to (1) improve its acclimation capacity if soil salinity increases slowly and (2) benefit from afreshwater episode.
Abstract: One likely effect of global change is an increase of the amplitude of salt variations in the soil of brackish coastal wetland forests. In the Antilles, such forests are dominated by the species Pterocarpus officinalis. The study aimed to determine the effect of 3 salinity levels (freshwater, moderate, and hypersalinity—i.e., 0, 10, and 30 ‰, respectively) and 3 patterns of salinity variation (fast or slow salinity increase, fluctuating salinity) on the growth and ecophysiology of P. officinalis seedlings. P. officinalis proved tolerant to 10 ‰ salinity, even if at this salt concentration the water constraint altered the plant’s water status and reduced stomatal conductance. No impact of the pattern of salinity variation was observed at 10 ‰. Seedlings were strongly affected by hypersalinity, but were able to acclimatize efficiently and to improve their performances (higher survival, total biomass, and photosynthesis) when salinity increased slowly. Young P. officinalis were also able to take advantage of a freshwater episode on the longer term, certainly through leaf desalination associated with enhanced photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Higher soil salinity and more intense dry seasons in the context of climate change could affect the stand-level regeneration potential of P. officinalis seedlings. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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UMR ECOFOG-DYNECAR, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-PitreGuadeloupe (F.W.I.), France |
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Export Date: 9 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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595 |
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Abedini, R.; Clair, B.; Pourtahmasi, K.; Laurans, F.; Arnould, O. |
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Cell wall thickening in developing tension wood of artificially bent poplar trees |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA Journal |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
1 |
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44-57 |
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developing xylem; Gelatinous layer; maturation stress; secondary wall layer; tree biomechanics |
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Trees can control their shape and resist gravity thanks to their ability to produce wood under tensile stress. This stress is known to be produced during the maturation of wood fibres but the mechanism of its generation remains unclear. This study focuses on the formation of the secondary wall in tension wood produced in artificially tilted poplar saplings. Thickness of secondary wall layer (SL) and gelatinous layer (GL) were measured from cambium to mature wood in several trees sampled at different times after tilting. Measurements on wood fibres produced before tilting show the progressive increase of secondary wall thickness during the growing season. After the tilting date, SL thickness decreased markedly from normal wood to tension wood while the total thickness increased compared to normal wood, with the development of a thick GL. However, even after GL formation, SL thickness continues to increase during the growing season. GL thickening was observed to be faster than SL thickening. The development of the unlignified GL is proposed to be a low cost, efficient strategy for a fast generation of tensile stress in broadleaved trees. © 2015 International Association of Wood Anatomists. |
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INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie ForestièresOrléans, France |
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Export Date: 17 April 2015 |
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596 |
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Petitjean, C.; Hénault, C.; Perrin, A.-S.; Pontet, C.; Metay, A.; Bernoux, M.; Jehanno, T.; Viard, A.; Roggy, J.-C. |
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Soil N2O emissions in French Guiana after the conversion of tropical forest to agriculture with the chop-and-mulch method |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment |
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208 |
Issue |
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64-74 |
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Chop-and-mulch method; Fire-free deforestation; French Guiana; Land use change; Soil N<inf>2</inf>O emissions |
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In French Guiana, the population growth will result in an increase in demand for agricultural products and thus, will lead to an increase in the amount of tropical forests converted into cropland or pasture. Impacts of different agricultural systems on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes have not been studied in French Guiana. In this context, the fire-free chop-and-mulch method was used to convert a tropical forest site to agriculture. This study focused on soil nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) emissions and we compared four land uses: (1) the undisturbed tropical forest, (2) recently converted grassland and recently converted croplands (fertilized soybean/maize rotation) with either (3) disk tillage or (4) no tillage.N<inf>2</inf>O measurements were obtained through the chamber technique and conducted over a 1-year period (measurements began 19 months after the forest was cleared). N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes were related to soil parameters measured at each sampling date: nitrate and ammonium contents, gravimetric water content (GWC) and temperature. Through the entire period, the mean (± standard error) and median N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes were 3.8 ± 0.5 and 2.7 gNha-1day-1, respectively for undisturbed tropical forest and 2.4 ± 0.9 and 0.8gNha-1day-1, respectively for grassland (mowed Brachiaria ruziziensis). For croplands, no significant difference was found for N<inf>2</inf>O emissions between both agricultural practices. The mean (± standard error) and median N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes were 8.5 ± 1.2 and 4.0 gNha-1day-1, respectively for disk tillage plots and 8.5 ± 1.3 and 3.6gNha-1day-1, respectively for no tillage plots. Nitrogen inputs (due to the application of fertilizer or due to the mineralization of crop residues) led to higher N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes, resulting in significantly higher mean N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from croplands compared to the forest, when only considering land use effect on N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes in a statistical model. The soil nitrate content, GWC and temperature had a significant positive effect on N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes. Taking into account these soil parameters in another statistical model, N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from croplands were not higher than the natural N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from tropical forest soils. Our results suggest that, if more forest will have to be converted in the course of the expected population growth in French Guiana, it could have low impact on the soil N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes (similar to natural fluxes from forest) with the improving of farming techniques (for example modification of the splitting of N-fertilizer) in the cropping plots. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, Campus agronomiqueKourou, Guyane Française, France |
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Export Date: 18 May 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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601 |
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Anouhe, J.-B.S.; Adima, A.A.; Niamké, F.B.; Stien, D.; Amian, B.K.; Blandinieres, P.-A.; Virieux, D.; Pirat, J.-L.; Kati-Coulibaly, S.; Amusant, N. |
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Dicorynamine and harmalan-N-oxide, two new β-carboline alkaloids from Dicorynia guianensis Amsh heartwood |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Phytochemistry Letters |
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Phytochemistry Letters |
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12 |
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158-163 |
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ABTS antioxidant; Biogenesis; Dicorynia guianensis; Nitrone; Spiroindolone |
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Abstract The chemical investigations of Dicorynia guianensis heartwood led to the isolation of four new indole alkaloids for the first time in this plant. Compound (1) identified as spiroindolone 2′,3′,4′,9′-tetrahydrospiro [indoline-3,1′pyrido[3,4-b]-indol]-2-one, and compound (3) described as nitrone 1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole 2-oxide and were isolated for the first time as natural products. ABTS antioxidant activity guided their isolation. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Phytochemical Society of Europe. |
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CIRAD, Département Environnements et Sociétés, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de GuyaneKourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 24 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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598 |
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Touchard, A.; Koh, J.M.S.; Aili, S.R.; Dejean, A.; Nicholson, G.M.; Orivel, J.; Escoubas, P. |
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The complexity and structural diversity of ant venom peptidomes is revealed by mass spectrometry profiling |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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29 |
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5 |
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385-396 |
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Rationale Compared with other animal venoms, ant venoms remain little explored. Ants have evolved complex venoms to rapidly immobilize arthropod prey and to protect their colonies from predators and pathogens. Many ants have retained peptide-rich venoms that are similar to those of other arthropod groups. Methods With the goal of conducting a broad and comprehensive survey of ant venom peptide diversity, we investigated the peptide composition of venoms from 82 stinging ant species from nine subfamilies using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). We also conducted an in-depth investigation of eight venoms using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) separation coupled with offline MALDI-TOFMS. Results Our results reveal that the peptide compositions of ant venom peptidomes from both poneroid and formicoid ant clades comprise hundreds of small peptides (<4 kDa), while large peptides (>4 kDa) are also present in the venom of formicoids. Chemical reduction revealed the presence of disulfide-linked peptides in most ant subfamilies, including peptides structured by one, two or three disulfide bonds as well as dimeric peptides reticulated by three disulfide bonds. Conclusions The biochemical complexity of ant venoms, associated with an enormous ecological and taxonomic diversity, suggests that stinging ant venoms constitute a promising source of bioactive molecules that could be exploited in the search for novel drug and biopesticide leads. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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VenomeTech, 473 Route des DolinesValbonne, France |
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Export Date: 24 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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599 |
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Le Guen, R.; Corbara, B.; Rossi, V.; Azémar, F.; Dejean, A. |
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Reciprocal protection from natural enemies in an ant-wasp association |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
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338 |
Issue |
4 |
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255-259 |
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Aggressiveness; Arboreal ants; Azteca; Polybia; Protection mutualism; Social wasps |
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Abstract We show that in French Guiana the large carton nests of Azteca chartifex, a territorially-dominant arboreal dolichoderine ant, are protected from bird attacks when this ant lives in association with Polybia rejecta, an epiponine social wasp. Because A. chartifex colonies are well known for their ability to divert army ant raids from the base of their host tree so that they protect their associated wasps from these raids, there is a reciprocal benefit for these two partners, permitting us to call this association a mutualism. We also show that P. rejecta nests are significantly less often attacked by birds than are those of two compared epiponine social wasp species. Furthermore, experimentation using a standardized protocol demonstrated the significantly higher aggressiveness of P. rejecta compared to seven other wasp species. We conclude that the efficacious protection of its associated ant nests is likely due to the extreme aggressiveness of P. rejecta. © 2015 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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CNRS, Écologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Campus agronomique, BP 316Kourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 24 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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600 |
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