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Author Lecante, A.; Robert, F.; Lebrini, M.; Roos, C. pdf  openurl
  Title Inhibitive Effect of Siparuna Guianensis Extracts on the Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Acidic Media Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication International Journal of Electrochemical Science Abbreviated Journal Int.J.Electrochem.Sci.  
  Volume 6 Issue 11 Pages (down) 5249-5264  
  Keywords Alkaloids extract; corrosion inhibition; C38 steel; EIS; raman spectroscopy  
  Abstract The present study examines the effect of alkaloids extract from Siparuna guianensis leaves and stems on corrosion of C38 steel in 0.1 M HCl using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization technique and Raman spectroscopy. The protection efficiency is better with stems alkaloids extract. The inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The influence of stems alkaloids extract concentration on corrosion of low carbon steel in 0.1 M HCl was studied. The inhibition efficiency obtained from impedance and polarization measurements was in a good agreement and was found to increase with increasing concentration of alkaloids extract up to 50 mg/L for stems extract. The adsorption of the extract on the low carbon steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption.  
  Address Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Amazonien, UAG-UMR ECOFOG, Campus Trou Biran, Cayenne 97337, French Guiana  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 374  
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Author Schmitt, Sylvain ; Tysklind, Niklas ; Hérault, Bruno ; Heuertz, Myriam doi  openurl
  Title Topography drives microgeographic adaptations of closely related species in two tropical tree species complexes Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 30 Issue 20 Pages (down) 5080-5093  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Closely related tree species that grow in sympatry are abundant in rainforests. However, little is known of the ecoevolutionary processes that govern their niches and local coexistence. We assessed genetic species delimitation in closely related sympatric species belonging to two Neotropical tree species complexes and investigated their genomic adaptation to a fine-scale topographic gradient with associated edaphic and hydrologic features. Combining LiDAR-derived topography, tree inventories, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gene capture experiments, we explored genome-wide population genetic structure, covariation of environmental variables, and genotype-environment association to assess microgeographic adaptations to topography within the species complexes Symphonia (Clusiaceae), and Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) with three species per complex and 385 and 257 individuals genotyped, respectively. Within species complexes, closely related tree species had different realized optima for topographic niches defined through the topographic wetness index or the relative elevation, and species displayed genetic signatures of adaptations to these niches. Symphonia species were genetically differentiated along water and nutrient distribution particularly in genes responding to water deprivation, whereas Eschweilera species were genetically differentiated according to soil chemistry. Our results suggest that varied topography represents a powerful driver of processes modulating tropical forest biodiversity with differential adaptations that stabilize local coexistence of closely related tree species.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Wiley Place of Publication Editor  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 1045  
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Author Foucaud, J.; Orivel, J.; Fournier, D.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Loiseau, A.; Le Breton, J.; Cerdan, P.; Estoup, A. openurl 
  Title Reproductive system, social organization, human disturbance and ecological dominance in native populations of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal Mol. Ecol.  
  Volume 18 Issue 24 Pages (down) 5059-5073  
  Keywords biological invasion; clonality; human disturbance; parthenogenesis; social organization; Wasmannia auropunctata  
  Abstract The invasive ant species Wasmannia auropunctata displays both ecologically dominant and non-dominant populations within its native range. Three factors could theoretically explain the ecological dominance of some native populations of W. auropunctata: (i) its clonal reproductive system, through demographic and/or adaptive advantages; (ii) its unicolonial social organization, through lower intraspecific and efficient interspecific competition; (iii) the human disturbance of its native range, through the modification of biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. We used microsatellite markers and behavioural tests to uncover the reproductive modes and social organization of dominant and non-dominant native populations in natural and human-modified habitats. Microsatellite and mtDNA data indicated that dominant and non-dominant native populations (supercolonies as determined by aggression tests) of W. auropunctata did not belong to different evolutionary units. We found that the reproductive system and the social organization are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain W. auropunctata ecological dominance. Dominance rather seems to be set off by unknown ecological factors altered by human activities, as all dominant populations were recorded in human-modified habitats. The clonal reproductive system found in some populations of W. auropunctata may however indirectly contribute to its ecological dominance by allowing the species to expand its environmental niche, through the fixation over time of specific combinations of divergent male and female genotypes. Unicoloniality may rather promote the range expansion of already dominant populations than actually trigger ecological dominance. The W. auropunctata model illustrates the strong impact of human disturbance on species' ecological features and the adaptive potential of clonal reproductive systems.  
  Address [Foucaud, Julien; Fournier, Denis; Loiseau, Anne; Estoup, Arnaud] Montpellier SupAgro, Cirad, IRD, INRA,UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France, Email: julien.foucaud@legs.cnrs-gif.fr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0962-1083 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000272452700009 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 191  
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Author Legeay, J.; Husson, C.; Boudier, B.; Louisanna, E.; Baraloto, C.; Schimann, H.; Marcais, B.; Buée, M. doi  openurl
  Title Surprising low diversity of the plant pathogen Phytophthora in Amazonian forests Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Environmental Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Environ. Microbiol.  
  Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages (down) 5019-5032  
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  Abstract The genus Phytophthora represents a group of plant pathogens with broad global distribution. The majority of them cause the collar and root-rot of diverse plant species. Little is known about Phytophthora communities in forest ecosystems, especially in the Neotropical forests where natural enemies could maintain the huge plant diversity via negative density dependence. We characterized the diversity of soil-borne Phytophthora communities in the North French Guiana rainforest and investigated how they are structured by host identity and environmental factors. In this little-explored habitat, 250 soil cores were sampled from 10 plots hosting 10 different plant families across three forest environments (Terra Firme, Seasonally Flooded and White Sand). Phytophthora diversity was studied using a baiting approach and metabarcoding (High-Throughput Sequencing) on environmental DNA extracted from both soil samples and baiting-leaves. These three approaches revealed very similar communities, characterized by an unexpected low diversity of Phytophthora species, with the dominance of two cryptic species close to Phytophthora heveae. As expected, the Phytophthora community composition of the French Guiana rainforest was significantly impacted by the host plant family and environment. However, these plant pathogen communities are very small and are dominated by generalist species, questioning their potential roles as drivers of plant diversity in these Amazonian forests. © 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  
  Address International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 14622912 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 940  
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Author Caron, H.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Léger, P.; Chaumeil, P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Frigério, J.-M.; Scotti, I.; Franc, A.; Petit, R.J. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse tropical tree community Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Ecology and Evolution  
  Volume 9 Issue 8 Pages (down) 4897-4905  
  Keywords chloroplast DNA; DNA barcoding; genetic diversity; hybridization; incomplete lineage sorting; introgression; species diversity; tropical trees  
  Abstract We investigate chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse community of tropical rainforest trees in French Guiana, focusing on patterns of intraspecific and interspecific variation. We test whether a species genetic diversity is higher when it has congeners in the community with which it can exchange genes and if shared haplotypes are more frequent in genetically diverse species, as expected in the presence of introgression. We sampled a total of 1,681 individual trees from 472 species corresponding to 198 genera and sequenced them at a noncoding chloroplast DNA fragment. Polymorphism was more frequent in species that have congeneric species in the study site than in those without congeners (30% vs. 12%). Moreover, more chloroplast haplotypes were shared with congeners in polymorphic species than in monomorphic ones (44% vs. 28%). Despite large heterogeneities caused by genus-specific behaviors in patterns of hybridization, these results suggest that the higher polymorphism in the presence of congeners is caused by local introgression rather than by incomplete lineage sorting. Our findings suggest that introgression has the potential to drive intraspecific genetic diversity in species-rich tropical forests.  
  Address INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, URFM, Avignon, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher John Wiley and Sons Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 20457758 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 870  
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Author Fournier, M.; Dlouhá, J.; Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T. url  openurl
  Title Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: Beyond wood density and strength Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Experimental Botany Abbreviated Journal J. Exp. Bot.  
  Volume 64 Issue 15 Pages (down) 4793-4815  
  Keywords Biomechanics; Ecological strategy; Gravitropism; Shape; Size; Trees; Wood  
  Abstract Functional ecology has long considered the support function as important, but its biomechanical complexity is only just being elucidated. We show here that it can be described on the basis of four biomechanical traits, two safety traits against winds and self-buckling, and two motricity traits involved in sustaining an upright position, tropic motion velocity (MV) and posture control (PC). All these traits are integrated at the tree scale, combining tree size and shape together with wood properties. The assumption of trait constancy has been used to derive allometric scaling laws, but it was more recently found that observing their variations among environments and functional groups, or during ontogeny, provides more insights into adaptive syndromes of tree shape and wood properties. However, oversimpli-fed expressions have often been used, possibly concealing key adaptive drivers. An extreme case of oversimplification is the use of wood basic density as a proxy for safety. Actually, as wood density is involved in stiffiness, loads, and construction costs, the impact of its variations on safety is non-trivial. Moreover, other wood features, especially the microfibril angle (MFA), are also involved. Furthermore, wood is not only stiff and strong, but it also acts as a motor for MV and PC. The relevant wood trait for this is maturation strain asymmetry. Maturation strains vary with cell-wall characteristics such as MFA, rather than with wood density. Finally, the need for further studies about the ecological relevance of branching patterns, motricity traits, and growth responses to mechanical loads is discussed. © The Author 2013.  
  Address CNRS, Université de Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, 34095 Montpellier, France  
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  ISSN 00220957 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996):1; Export Date: 2 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jeboa; doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert279; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fournier, M.; AgroParisTech, UMR 1092 LERFOB, 54000 Nancy, France; email: meriem.fournier@agroparistech.fr; References: Achim, A., Ruel, J.C., Gardiner, B.A., Lafamme, G., Meunier, S., Modelling the vulnerability of balsam fr forests to wind damage (2005) Forest Ecology and Management, 204, pp. 35-50; Almeras, T., Costes, E., Salles, J.C., Identification of biomechanical factors involved in stem shape variability between apricot-tree varieties (2004) Annals of Botany, 93, pp. 1-14; Almeras, T., Derycke, M., Jaouen, G., Beauchene, J., Fournier, M., Functional diversity in gravitropic reaction among tropical seedlings in relation to ecological and developmental traits (2009) Journal of Experimental Botany, 60, pp. 4397-4410; Almeras, T., Fournier, M., Biomechanical design and longterm stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction (2009) Journal of Theoretical Biology, 256, pp. 370-381; Almeras, T., Gril, J., Costes, E., Bending of apricot tree branches under the weight of axillary growth: Test of a mechanical model with experimental data (2002) Trees – Structure and Function, 16, pp. 5-15; Almeras, T., Thibaut, A., Gril, J., Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees (2005) Trees – Structure and Function, 19, pp. 457-467; Anten, N.P.R., Schieving, F., The role of wood mass density and mechanical constraints in the economy of tree architecture (2010) American Naturalist, 175, pp. 250-260; Archer, R.R., Wilson, B.F., Mechanics of the compression wood response II. 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Author Ntienoue, J.K.; Reguer, A.; Robert, F.; Nait-Rabah, O.; Roos, C. pdf  url
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  Title Electrochemical behaviour of a super austenitic stainless steel in amazonian aqueous environment Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication International Journal of Electrochemical Science Abbreviated Journal Int.J.Electrochem.Sci.  
  Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages (down) 4761-4775  
  Keywords Cyclic voltammetry; Eis; Esem; Passive films; Stainless steel  
  Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of 254 SMO super austenitic stainless steel in natural seawater collected from river mouth of French Guiana was investigated. A comparative study of samples immersed during 22 days in this environment was made including influences of scraped biofilm introduced in experiments and of stirring. Electrochemical measurements – open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear polarisation (LP) – are used to characterize the metal/medium interface included biofilms adhesion. The EDX analysis (EDAX system) shows that the chemical composition of adhered biofilm consists mostly of iron, oxygen, silicon and aluminium and seem preferentially bind on metal defects. © 2013 by ESG.  
  Address Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Amazonien, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UAG-UMR ECOFOG, Campus Trou Biran, Cayenne 97337, French Guiana  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 14523981 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Export Date: 24 April 2013; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Roos, C.; Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Amazonien, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UAG-UMR ECOFOG, Campus Trou Biran, Cayenne 97337, French Guiana; email: christophe.roos@guyane.univ-ag.fr Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 483  
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Author Binelli, G.; Montaigne, W.; Sabatier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. doi  openurl
  Title Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Ecology and Evolution  
  Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages (down) 4726-4738  
  Keywords allopatric divergence; Amazon; Guiana Shield; interspecific gene flow; Myristicaceae; secondary contact; Virola  
  Abstract Phylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the “true” picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology—although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  
  Address INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher John Wiley and Sons Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 20457758 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 963  
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Author Hudson, L.N.; Newbold, T.; Contu, S.; Hill, S.L.L.; Lysenko, I.; De Palma, A.; Phillips, H.R.P.; Senior, R.A.; Bennett, D.J.; Booth, H.; Choimes, A.; Correia, D.L.P.; Day, J.; Echeverría-Londoño, S.; Garon, M.; Harrison, M.L.K.; Ingram, D.J.; Jung, M.; Kemp, V.; Kirkpatrick, L.; Martin, C.D.; Pan, Y.; White, H.J.; Aben, J.; Abrahamczyk, S.; Adum, G.B.; Aguilar-Barquero, V.; Aizen, M.A.; Ancrenaz, M.; Arbeláez-Cortés, E.; Armbrecht, I.; Azhar, B.; Azpiroz, A.B.; Baeten, L.; Báldi, A.; Banks, J.E.; Barlow, J.; Batáry, P.; Bates, A.J.; Bayne, E.M.; Beja, P.; Berg, A.; Berry, N.J.; Bicknell, J.E.; Bihn, J.H.; Böhning-Gaese, K.; Boekhout, T.; Boutin, C.; Bouyer, J.; Brearley, F.Q.; Brito, I.; Brunet, J.; Buczkowski, G.; Buscardo, E.; Cabra-García, J.; Calviño-Cancela, M.; Cameron, S.A.; Cancello, E.M.; Carrijo, T.F.; Carvalho, A.L.; Castro, H.; Castro-Luna, A.A.; Cerda, R.; Cerezo, A.; Chauvat, M.; Clarke, F.M.; Cleary, D.F.R.; Connop, S.P.; D'Aniello, B.; da Silva, P.G.; Darvill, B.; Dauber, J.; Dejean, A.; Diekötter, T.; Dominguez-Haydar, Y.; Dormann, C.F.; Dumont, B.; Dures, S.G.; Dynesius, M.; Edenius, L.; Elek, Z.; Entling, M.H.; Farwig, N.; Fayle, T.M.; Felicioli, A.; Felton, A.M.; Ficetola, G.F.; Filgueiras, B.K.C.; Fonte, S.J.; Fraser, L.H.; Fukuda, D.; Furlani, D.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Garden, J.G.; Gheler-Costa, C.; Giordani, P.; Giordano, S.; Gottschalk, M.S.; Goulson, D.; Gove, A.D.; Grogan, J.; Hanley, M.E.; Hanson, T.; Hashim, N.R.; Hawes, J.E.; Hébert, C.; Helden, A.J.; Henden, J.-A.; Hernández, L.; Herzog, F.; Higuera-Diaz, D.; Hilje, B.; Horgan, F.G.; Horváth, R.; Hylander, K.; Isaacs-Cubides, P.; Ishitani, M.; Jacobs, C.T.; Jaramillo, V.J.; Jauker, B.; Jonsell, M.; Jung, T.S.; Kapoor, V.; Kati, V.; Katovai, E.; Kessler, M.; Knop, E.; Kolb, A.; Korösi, Á.; Lachat, T.; Lantschner, V.; Le Féon, V.; Lebuhn, G.; Légaré, J.-P.; Letcher, S.G.; Littlewood, N.A.; López-Quintero, C.A.; Louhaichi, M.; Lövei, G.L.; Lucas-Borja, M.E.; Luja, V.H.; Maeto, K.; Magura, T.; Mallari, N.A.; Marin-Spiotta, E.; Marshall, E.J.P.; Martínez, E.; Mayfield, M.M.; Mikusinski, G.; Milder, J.C.; Miller, J.R.; Morales, C.L.; Muchane, M.N.; Muchane, M.; Naidoo, R.; Nakamura, A.; Naoe, S.; Nates-Parra, G.; Navarrete Gutierrez, D.A.; Neuschulz, E.L.; Noreika, N.; Norfolk, O.; Noriega, J.A.; Nöske, N.M.; O'Dea, N.; Oduro, W.; Ofori-Boateng, C.; Oke, C.O.; Osgathorpe, L.M.; Paritsis, J.; Parra-H, A.; Pelegrin, N.; Peres, C.A.; Persson, A.S.; Petanidou, T.; Phalan, B.; Philips, T.K.; Poveda, K.; Power, E.F.; Presley, S.J.; Proença, V.; Quaranta, M.; Quintero, C.; Redpath-Downing, N.A.; Reid, J.L.; Reis, Y.T.; Ribeiro, D.B.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Robles, C.A.; Römbke, J.; Romero-Duque, L.P.; Rosselli, L.; Rossiter, S.J.; Roulston, T.H.; Rousseau, L.; Sadler, J.P.; Sáfián, S.; Saldaña-Vázquez, R.A.; Samnegård, U.; Schüepp, C.; Schweiger, O.; Sedlock, J.L.; Shahabuddin, G.; Sheil, D.; Silva, F.A.B.; Slade, E.M.; Smith-Pardo, A.H.; Sodhi, N.S.; Somarriba, E.J.; Sosa, R.A.; Stout, J.C.; Struebig, M.J.; Sung, Y.-H.; Threlfall, C.G.; Tonietto, R.; Tóthmérész, B.; Tscharntke, T.; Turner, E.C.; Tylianakis, J.M.; Vanbergen, A.J.; Vassilev, K.; Verboven, H.A.F.; Vergara, C.H.; Vergara, P.M.; Verhulst, J.; Walker, T.R.; Wang, Y.; Watling, J.I.; Wells, K.; Williams, C.D.; Willig, M.R.; Woinarski, J.C.Z.; Wolf, J.H.D.; Woodcock, B.A.; Yu, D.W.; Zaitsev, A.S.; Collen, B.; Ewers, R.M.; Mace, G.M.; Purves, D.W.; Scharlemann, J.P.W.; Purvis, A. url  openurl
  Title The PREDICTS database: A global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Ecology and Evolution  
  Volume 4 Issue 24 Pages (down) 4701-4735  
  Keywords Data sharing; Global change; Habitat destruction; Land use  
  Abstract Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015. The collation of biodiversity datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents is necessary to understand historical declines and to project – and hopefully avert – future declines. We describe a newly collated database of more than 1.6 million biodiversity measurements from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world.  
  Address Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower StreetLondon, United Kingdom  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Export Date: 6 January 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 577  
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Author Csilléry, K.; Lalague, H.; Vendramin, G.G.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Fady, B.; Oddou-Muratorio, S. url  openurl
  Title Detecting short spatial scale local adaptation and epistatic selection in climate-related candidate genes in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) populations Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal Molecular Ecology  
  Volume 23 Issue 19 Pages (down) 4696-4708  
  Keywords abiotic stress; budburst phenology; FST outlier; gene network; haplotype; Ohta's test; variance components of linkage disequilibrium  
  Abstract Detecting signatures of selection in tree populations threatened by climate change is currently a major research priority. Here, we investigated the signature of local adaptation over a short spatial scale using 96 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) individuals originating from two pairs of populations on the northern and southern slopes of Mont Ventoux (south-eastern France). We performed both single and multilocus analysis of selection based on 53 climate-related candidate genes containing 546 SNPs. FST outlier methods at the SNP level revealed a weak signal of selection, with three marginally significant outliers in the northern populations. At the gene level, considering haplotypes as alleles, two additional marginally significant outliers were detected, one on each slope. To account for the uncertainty of haplotype inference, we averaged the Bayes factors over many possible phase reconstructions. Epistatic selection offers a realistic multilocus model of selection in natural populations. Here, we used a test suggested by Ohta based on the decomposition of the variance of linkage disequilibrium. Overall populations, 0.23% of the SNP pairs (haplotypes) showed evidence of epistatic selection, with nearly 80% of them being within genes. One of the between gene epistatic selection signals arose between an FST outlier and a nonsynonymous mutation in a drought response gene. Additionally, we identified haplotypes containing selectively advantageous allele combinations which were unique to high or low elevations and northern or southern populations. Several haplotypes contained nonsynonymous mutations situated in genes with known functional importance for adaptation to climatic factors.  
  Address CIFOR-INIA, Forest Research Centre, Carretera de La Coruña km 7.5Madrid 28040, Spain  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Export Date: 13 January 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 579  
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