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Author |
Roggy, J.C.; Moiroud, A.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M. |
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Title |
Estimating N transfers between N-2-fixing actinorhizal species and the non-N-2-fixing Prunus avium under partially controlled conditions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Biology and Fertility of Soils |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Fertil. Soils |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
312-319 |
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Keywords |
actinorhizal trees; mixed culture; litter; N transfer by roots; N-15 |
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Abstract |
Two methods of N transfer between plants-by litter decomposition and root-to-root exchange-were examined in mixed plantations of N-fixing and non-fixing trees. Nitrogen transfers from decaying litters were measured by placing N-15-labelled litters from four actinorhizal tree species around shoots of containerized Prunus avium. Nitrogen transfers by root-to-root exchanges were measured after foliar NO3-N-15 fertilization of Alnus subcordata and Elaeagnus angustifolia growing in containers in association with P. avium. During the first 2 years of litter decomposition, from 5-20% of the N, depending on the litter identity, was released and taken up by P. avium. N availability in the different litters was strongly correlated with the amount of water-soluble N, which was highest in leaves of E. angustifolia. In the association between fixing and non-fixing plants, 7.5% of the A. subcordata N and 25% of E. angustifolia N was transferred to P. avium by root exchange. These results showed that the magnitude of N transfers by root exchange depended on the associated N-2-fixing species. Among the species investigated, E. angustifolia displayed the highest capacity for exudating N from roots as well as for releasing N from litters. These qualities make this tree a promising species for enhancing wood yields in mixed stands. |
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Address |
INRA, ENGREF, CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech,Lab Ecol Forets Trop Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER-VERLAG |
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ISSN |
0178-2762 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221197000002 |
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no |
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Call Number  |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
236 |
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Author |
Latouche-Halle, C.; Ramboer, A.; Bandou, E.; Caron, H.; Kremer, A. |
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Title |
Long-distance pollen flow and tolerance to selfing in a neotropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1055-1064 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; microsatellites; outcrossing rate; pollen flow; reproductive success; tropical tree |
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Abstract |
Outcrossing rates, pollen dispersal and male mating success were assessed in Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, a neotropical tree endemic to the Guiana shield. All adult trees within a continuous area of 40 ha (n = 157) were mapped, and were genotyped with six microsatellite loci. In addition, progenies were genotyped from 22 mature trees. At the population level, the species was mostly outcrossing (t(m) = 0.89) but there was marked variation among individuals. One tree exhibited mixed mating, confirming earlier results obtained with isozymes that D. guianensis can tolerate selfing. A Bayesian extension of the fractional paternity method was used for paternity analysis, and was compared with the neighbourhood method used widely for forest trees. Both methods indicated that pollen dispersal was only weakly related to distance between trees within the study area, and that the majority (62%) of pollen came from outside the study stand. Using maximum likelihood, male potential population size was estimated to be 1119, corresponding to a neighbourhood size of 560 hectares. Male mating success was, however, related to the diameter of the stem and to flowering intensity assessed visually. The mating behaviour of D. guianensis is a combination of long-distance pollen flow and occasional selfing. The species can still reproduce when it is extremely rare, either by selfing or by dispersing pollen at long distances. These results, together with the observation that male mating success was correlated with the size of the trees, could be implemented in management procedures aiming at regenerating the species. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: caron@pierroton.mra.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221016300007 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
237 |
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Author |
Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R. |
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Title |
An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
335-354 |
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Keywords |
model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation |
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Abstract |
A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk |
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Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISSN |
0304-3800 |
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Notes |
ISI:000220392200002 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
238 |
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Author |
de Grandcourt, A.; Epron, D.; Montpied, P.; Louisanna, E.; Bereau, M.; Garbaye, J.; Guehl, J.M. |
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Title |
Contrasting responses to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus availability in seedlings of two tropical rainforest tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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Volume |
161 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
865-875 |
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Keywords |
phosphorus; growth; efficiency; Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas; tropical rainforest; seedlings; Dicorynia guianensis; Eperua falcata |
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Abstract |
This work aimed at understanding the role of mycorrhizal status in phosphorus efficiency of tree seedlings in the tropical rainforest of French Guyana. Mycorrhizal colonization, growth, phosphorus content, net photosynthesis and root respiration were determined on three occasions during a 9-month growth period for seedlings of two co-occurring species (Dicorynia guianensis and Eperua falcata) grown at three soil phosphorus concentrations, with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Seedlings of both species were unable to absorb phosphorus in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited coils that are specific of Paris-type mycorrhizae. Both species benefited from the mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of phosphorus acquisition but the growth of E. falcata seedlings was unresponsive to this mycorrhizal improvement of phosphorus status, probably because of the combination of high seed mass and P reserves, with low growth rate. The two species belong to two different functional groups regarding phosphorus acquisition, D. guianensis being an obligate mycotrophic species. |
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Address |
Univ Franche Comte, Lab Biol & Ecophysiol, F-25211 Montbeliard, France, Email: daniel.epron@scbiol.uhp-nancy.fr |
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Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
0028-646X |
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Notes |
ISI:000188646500022 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
239 |
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Author |
Dutech, C.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Title |
Gene flow, historical population dynamics and genetic diversity within French Guianan populations of a rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Heredity |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
69-77 |
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Keywords |
bottleneck; climatic change; extinction-recolonization; microsatellite; neotropical rainforest; pollen and seed dispersal |
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Abstract |
Both gene flow and historical events influence the genetic diversity of natural populations. One way to understand their respective impact is to analyze population genetic structure at large spatial scales. We studied the distribution of genetic diversity of 17 populations of Vouacapoua americana (Caesalpiniaceae) in French Guiana, using nine micro satellite loci. Low genetic diversity was observed within populations, with a mean allelic richness and gene diversity of 4.1 and 0.506, respectively, which could be due to low effective population size and/or past bottlenecks. Using the regression between F-st/(1-F-st), estimated between pairs of populations, and the logarithm of the geographical distance, the spatial genetic structure can partly be explained by isolation-by-distance and limited gene flow among populations. This result is in agreement with the species' biology, including seed and pollen dispersal by rodents and insects, respectively. In contrast, no clear genetic signal of historical events was found when examining genetic differentiation among populations in relation to biogeographical hypotheses or by testing for bottlenecks within populations. Our conclusion is that nuclear spatial genetic structure of V. americana, at the geographic scale of French Guiana, is better explained by gene flow rather than by historical events. |
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Address |
Cirad Foret Silvolab, Lab Genet & Ecol Mol, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: cdutech@bordeaux.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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ISSN |
0018-067X |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000188431700003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
240 |
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Author |
Dutech, C.; Maggia, L.; Tardy, C.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Title |
Tracking a genetic signal of extinction-recolonization events in a neotropical tree species: Vouacapoua americana aublet in french guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2753-2764 |
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Keywords |
allelic richness; caesalpinioideae; chloroplast DNA; climatic changes; cytonuclear disequilibrium; legummosae; microsatellite loci; tropical rainforest |
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Abstract |
Drier periods from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene have been hypothesized to have caused the disappearance of various rainforest species over large geographical areas in South America and restricted the extant populations to mesic sites. Subsequent improvement in climatic conditions has been associated with recolonization. Changes in population size associated with these extinction-recolonization events should have affected genetic diversity within species. However, these historical hypotheses and their genetic consequences have rarely been tested in South America. Here, we examine the diversity of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes in a Neotropical rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in French Guiana. The chloroplast diversity was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (six pairs of primers) in 29 populations distributed over most of French Guiana, and a subset of 17 populations was also analyzed at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. To determine whether this species has experienced extinction-recolonization, we sampled populations in areas supposedly not or only slightly affected by climatic changes, where the populations would not have experienced frequent extinction, and in areas that appear to have been recently recolonized. In the putatively recolonized areas, we found patches of several thousands of hectares homogeneous for chloroplast variation that can be interpreted as the effect of recolonization processes from several geographical origins. In addition, we observed that, for both chloroplast and nuclear genomes, the populations in newly recolonized areas exhibited a significantly smaller allelic richness than others. Controlling for geographic distance, we also detected a significant correlation between chloroplast and nuclear population differentiation. This result indicates a cytonuclear disequilibrium that can be interpreted as a historical signal of a genetic divergence between fragmented populations. In conclusion, the spatial genetic structure of contemporary V. americana populations shows evidence that this species has experienced large extinction-recolonization events, which were possibly caused by past climatic change. |
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Address |
CIRAD Foret, Silvolab, Ecol Mol, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: laruent.maggia@cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
SOC STUDY EVOLUTION |
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ISSN |
0014-3820 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000188061800007 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
241 |
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Author |
Koponen, P.; Nygren, P.; Domenach, A.M.; Le Roux, C.; Saur, E.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Nodulation and dinitrogen fixation of legume trees in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
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Pages |
655-666 |
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Keywords |
acetylene reduction assay; Bradyrhizobium; flooding; microtopography; N-15 natural abundance method; 16S rDNA sequencing |
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Abstract |
Nodulated legume trees comprised 43% of the stand basal area in the low, most frequently flooded microsites, and 23% in higher, drier microsites in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana. Dinitrogen fixation in Pterocarpus officinalis, Hydrochorea corymbosa and Inga pilosula was confirmed by acetylene reduction assay (ARA), presence of leghaemoglobin in nodules and the N-15 natural abundance method. The results for Zygia cataractae were inconclusive but suggested N-2 fixation in drier microsites. Nodulated Inga disticha had a N-15-to-N-14 ratio similar to non-N-2-fixing trees, but ARA indicated nitrogenase activity and leghaemoglobin was present in nodules. All bacterial strains were identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. according to the partial 16S rDNA sequences, and they were infective in vitro in the model species Macroptilium atropurpuretan. About 35-50% of N in the leaves of P. officinalis, H. corymbosa and I. pilosula was fixed from the atmosphere. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated to contribute at least 8-13% and 1728% to whole-canopy N in high and low microsites, respectively. Symbiotic N, fixation appears to provide both a competitive advantage to legume trees under N-limited, flooded conditions and an important N input to neotropical freshwater swamp forests. |
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Address |
Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland |
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Publisher |
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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ISSN |
0266-4674 |
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Notes |
ISI:000186710800005 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
242 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Jaouen, G.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
Mapping radial, tangential and longitudinal shrinkages and relation to tension wood in discs of the tropical tree Symphonia globulifera |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
665-671 |
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Keywords |
drying shrinkage; tension wood; Symphonia globulifera L. f. |
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Abstract |
A method for measuring shrinkage resulting from drying in the three anisotropic directions is developed and tested. Measurements are performed on sawn discs, a technique which simplifies preparation and enables large numbers of measurements. Shrinkage values can be represented as a map of the disc surface. The results indicate that comparisons between shrinkage distribution and tension wood distribution on the discs show a clear relationship and can be measured with relatively high accuracy in reference to the shrinkage map. In the long term, this method could be useful in the timber industry as a means for choosing the direction in which logs are cut depending on their type of wood composition. |
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Address |
CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana |
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Publisher |
WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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ISSN |
0018-3830 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000186257800016 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
243 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Fournier, M.; Prevost, M.F.; Beauchene, J.; Bardet, S. |
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Title |
Biomechanics of buttressed trees: Bending strains and stresses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1349-1356 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; buttress; Eleaocarpaceae; French Guiana; Sloanea spp.; tropical trees; wood |
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Abstract |
The different hypotheses about buttress function and formation mainly involve mechanical theory. Forces were applied to two trees of Sloanea spp.. a tropical genus that develops typical thin buttresses. and the three-dimensional strains were measured at different parts of the trunk base. Risks of failure were greater on the buttress sides, where shear and tangential stresses are greater, not on the ridges. in spite of high longitudinal (parallel to the grain) stresses. A simple beam model, computed from the second moment of area of digitized cross sections, is consistent with longitudinal strain variations but cannot predict accurately variations with height. Patterns of longitudinal strain variation along ridges are very different in the two individuals, owing to a pronounced lateral curvature in one specimen. The constant stress hypothesis is discussed based on these results. Without chronological data during the development of the tree. it cannot be proved that buttress formation is activated by stress or strain. |
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Address |
CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France |
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Publisher |
BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0002-9122 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000185459000010 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
244 |
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Author |
Nicolini, E.; Caraglio, Y.; Pelissier, R.; Leroy, C.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Epicormic branches: a growth indicator for the tropical forest tree, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
97-105 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; architecture; epicormic branch; primary growth; secondary growth; tropical forest; French Guiana; height : diameter ratio |
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Abstract |
Architectural analyses of temperate tree species using a chronological approach suggest that the expression of epicormic branches is closely related to low growth rates in the axes that make up the branching system. Therefore, sole consideration of epicormic criteria may be sufficient to identify trees with low secondary growth levels or with both low primary and secondary growth levels. In a tropical tree such as Dicorynia guianensis (basralocus), where chronological studies are difficult, this relationship could be very useful as an easily accessible indicator of growth potentials. A simple method of architectural tree description was used to characterize the global structure of more than 1650 basralocus trees and to evaluate their growth level. Measurements of simple growth characters [height, basal diameter, internode length of submittal part (top of the main axis of the tree)] and the observation of four structural binary descriptors on the main stem (presence of sequential branches and young epicormic branches, state of the submittal part, global orientation), indicated that epicormic branch formation is clearly related to a decrease in length of the successive growth units of the main stem. Analysis of height vs. diameter ratios among different tree subgroups, with and without epicormic branching, suggested that trees with epicormic branches generally have a low level of secondary growth compared with primary growth. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. |
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Cirad, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 05, France |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0305-7364 |
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ISI:000183980200010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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245 |
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