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Baraloto, C.; Forget, P.M. |
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Title |
Seed size, seedling morphology, and response to deep shade and damage in neotropical rain forest trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
901-911 |
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Keywords |
cotyledons; French Guiana; functional morphology; herbivory; life history; phylogeny; regeneration strategy; shade tolerance |
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To investigate the existence of coordinated sets of seedling traits adapted to contrasting establishment conditions, we examined evolutionary convergence in seedling traits for 299 French Guianan woody plant species and the stress response in a shadehouse of species representing seed size gradients within five major cotyledon morphology types. The French Guianan woody plant community has larger seeds than other tropical forest communities and the largest proportion of hypogeal cotyledon type (59.2%) reported for tropical forests. Yet the community includes many species with intermediate size seeds that produce seedlings with different cotyledonal morphologies. A split-plot factorial design with two light levels (0.8% and 16.1% PAR) and four damage treatments (control, seed damage, leaf damage, stem damage) was used in the shadehouse experiment. Although larger-seeded species had higher survival and slower growth, these patterns were better explained by cotyledon type than by seed mass. Even larger-seeded species with foliar cotyledons grew faster than species with reserve-type cotyledons, and survival after stem grazing was five times higher in seedlings with hypogeal cotyledons than with epigeal cotyledons. Thus, to predict seedling performance using seed size, seedling morphology must also be considered. |
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Inst Natl Rech Agronom, UMR, Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, France, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000249830600001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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159 |
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Baraloto, C.; Forget, P.M.; Goldberg, D.E. |
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Title |
Seed mass, seedling size and neotropical tree seedling establishment |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
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Volume |
93 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1156-1166 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; life-history trade-offs; microhabitat; path analysis; regeneration strategy; relative growth rate; seedling survival; shade tolerance |
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1 We examined among- and within-species effects of seed mass for seedling establishment from seed to 5 years of age in a field experiment at Paracou, French Guiana. 2 Six seeds of each of eight species were weighed and planted into each of 120 plots (1 m(2)) throughout closed-canopy forest along 12 100-m transects in 1998. 3 We described the microhabitat of each planting site using principal components derived from measurements of light availability, soil moisture, carbon and nitrogen content, and soil phosphorus availability. Although both survival and relative growth rate (RGR) increased with increasing light availability, no other microhabitat variable significantly affected seedling performance. Nor did the magnitude of microhabitat effects on survival or RGR differ among species. 4 Larger-seeded species were more likely to survive from germination to 1 year as well as from 1 to 5 years of age. RGR for seedling height during the first year post-germination was not related to seed mass, but smaller-seeded species did grow slightly faster thereafter. Path analyses revealed that correlations between seed mass and performance were explained in part because larger seeds produced larger initial seedlings, which tended to survive better but grow more slowly. 5 We also analysed within-species effects of seed mass for the larger-seeded Eperua grandiflora and Vouacapoua americana (both Caesalpiniaceae). Larger seeds produced larger seedlings in both species, but larger seeds survived better only for Eperua. Larger seedlings grew more slowly in both species, but did not offset the early (Eperua) and later (Vouacapoua) positive direct effects of seed mass on RGR that may represent contrasting strategies for reserve deployment. 6 Our results demonstrate that seed size influences performance within and among species in part because of indirect effects of initial seedling size. However, we suggest that traits tightly correlated with seed mass at the species level, such as specific leaf area, leaf longevity and photosynthetic capacity, may also contribute to interspecific performance differences. |
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Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Ecol & Gest Biodivers, UMR 5176, CNRS, Brunoy, France, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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0022-0477 |
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ISI:000233287500012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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250 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E. |
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Title |
Microhabitat associations and seedling bank dynamics in a neotropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
141 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
701-712 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; life history traits; light availability; regeneration niche; soil nutrients |
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We conducted a rigorous test of tropical tree seedling microhabitat differentiation by examining microhabitat associations, survival and growth of established seedlings of ten tropical tree species representing a four-factor gradient in seed size. Eight microhabitat variables describing soil and light conditions were measured directly adjacent to each of 588 seedlings within twelve 10 x 100 m belt transects at Paracou, French Guiana, and at 264 reference points along the transects. From these measurements, we defined three principal components describing soil richness, soil softness and canopy openness. Six of ten species ( in 9 of 30 total cases) were distributed non-randomly with respect to microhabitat along at least one principal component. However, few species demonstrated clear microhabitat specialization. All shifts in distribution relative to reference points were in the same direction ( richer, softer soil). Furthermore, of 135 pairwise comparisons among the species, only 7 were significantly different. More than three-fourths of all seedlings (75.3%) survived over the 2-year monitoring period, but survival rates varied widely among species. In no case was the probability of survival influenced by any microhabitat parameter. Relative height growth rates for the seedlings over 2 years varied from – 0.031 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Dicorynia guianensis, Caesalpiniaceae) to 0.088 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Virola michelii, Myristicaceae). In only 4 of 30 cases was height growth significantly associated with one of the three principal components. Because the conditions in this study were designed to maximize the chance of finding microhabitat differentiation among a group of species differing greatly in life history traits, the lack of microhabitat specialization it uncovered suggests that microhabitat partitioning among tropical tree species at the established seedling stage is unlikely to contribute greatly to coexistence among these species. |
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INRA Kourou, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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0029-8549 |
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ISI:000224999800015 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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233 |
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Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2461-2472 |
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Keywords |
canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
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Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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ISI:000231373600021 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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252 |
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Baraloto, C.; Hardy, O.J.; Paine, C.E.T.; Dexter, K.G.; Cruaud, C.; Dunning, L.T.; Gonzalez, M.-A.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Savolainen, V.; Chave, J. |
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Using functional traits and phylogenetic trees to examine the assembly of tropical tree communities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
690-701 |
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Keywords |
Competition; Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Environmental filtering; French Guiana; Functional traits; Limiting similarity; Niche; Phylogenetic signal; Tropical forests |
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Niche theory proposes that species differences underlie both coexistence within communities and the differentiation in species composition among communities via limiting similarity and environmental filtering. However, it has been difficult to extend niche theory to species-rich communities because of the empirical challenge of quantifying niches for many species. This has motivated the development of functional and phylogeny-based approaches in community ecology, which represent two different means of approximating niche attributes. Here, we assess the utility of plant functional traits and phylogenetic relationships in predicting community assembly processes using the largest trait and phylogenetic data base to date for any set of species-rich communities. We measured 17 functional traits for all 4672 individuals of 668 tree species co-occurring in nine tropical rain forest plots in French Guiana. Trait variation was summarized into two ordination axes that reflect species niche overlap. We also generated a dated molecular phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequencing of two plastid loci (rbcL and matK) comprising 97% of the individuals and 91% of the species in the plots. We found that, on average, co-occurring species had greater functional and, to a lesser extent, phylogenetic similarity than expected by chance. We also found that functional traits and their ordination loadings showed significant, albeit weak, phylogenetic signal, suggesting that phylogenetic distance provides pertinent information on niche overlap in tropical tree communities. Synthesis. We provide the most comprehensive examination to date of the relative importance of environmental filtering and limiting similarity in structuring tropical tree communities. Our results confirm that environmental filtering is the overriding influence on community assembly in these species-rich systems. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, United Kingdom |
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00220477 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 24 April 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jecoa; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01966.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Chave, J.; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, 31062 Toulouse, France; email: chave@cict.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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393 |
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Baraloto, C.; Herault, B.; Paine, C.E.T.; Massot, H.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Molino, J.-F.; Nicolini, E.A.; Sabatier, D. |
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Title |
Contrasting taxonomic and functional responses of a tropical tree community to selective logging |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Ecol. |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
861-870 |
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Keywords |
Canopy gap dynamics; Disturbance; French Guiana; Functional diversity; Functional evenness; Functional traits; Light partitioning; Species richness; Tropical rain forest |
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1.Considerable debate surrounds the extent to which tropical forests can be managed for resource extraction while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem properties, which depend on functional composition. Here we evaluate the compatibility of these aims by examining the effects of logging on taxonomic and functional diversity and composition in a tropical forest. 2.Twenty years after selective logging, we inventoried 4140 stems regenerating in logging gaps and adjacent undisturbed areas, and we integrated a database of 13 functional traits describing leaf and wood economics of tropical trees. 3.We found no differences in taxonomic and functional richness among habitats, but logging gaps had significantly higher taxonomic and functional evenness. 4.Logging also effected striking, long-term changes in both species and functional composition. In particular, the xylem density of recruits in logging gaps was 6% less than in unlogged forests, leaves were 11% less tough and had 6-13% greater mineral nutrient concentrations. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that managers of tropical forests should limit overall surface area converted to logging gaps by creating fewer, larger gaps during selective logging, to reduce impacts on the taxonomic and functional composition of the regenerating stand. Our results suggest that managers of tropical forests should limit overall surface area converted to logging gaps by creating fewer, larger gaps during selective logging, to reduce impacts on the taxonomic and functional composition of the regenerating stand. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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CIRAD-ES, Research Unit 'Biens et Services des Ecosystémes Forestiers tropicaux', Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Caixa Postal, 48, Belem, Para – CEP 66095-100, Brazil |
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00218901 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Japea; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02164.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Baraloto, C.; INRA, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', 97387 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana; email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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410 |
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Baraloto, C.; Marcon, E.; Morneau, F.; Pavoine, S.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Integrating functional diversity into tropical forest plantation designs to study ecosystem processes |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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67 |
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3 |
Pages |
303 |
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complementarity; ecosystem function; functional groups; leaf economics spectrum; nitrogen fixation; quadratic entropy |
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The elucidation of relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem processes has been limited by the definition of metrics of biodiversity and their integration into experimental design. Functional trait screening can strengthen the performance of these designs. We suggest the use of Rao's quadratic entropy to measure both functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity of species mixtures proposed for an experimental design, and demonstrate how they can provide complementary information. We also present an index assessing the statistical performance of these independent variables in different experimental designs. Measurement of independent variables as continuous vs. discrete variables reduces statistical performance, but improves the model by quantifying species differences masked by group assignments. To illustrate these advances, we present an example from a tropical forest tree community in which we screened 38 species for nine functional traits. The proposed TropiDEP design is based on the relative orthogonality of two multivariate trait axes defined using principal component analysis. We propose that independent variables describing functional diversity might be grouped to calculate independent variables describing suites of different traits with potentially different effects on particular ecosystem processes. In other systems these axes may differ from those reported here, yet the methods of analysis integrating functional and phylogenetic diversity into experimental design could be universal. |
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[Baraloto, Christopher; Roggy, Jean-Christophe] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000276507800004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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62 |
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Baraloto, C.; Molto, Q.; Rabaud, S.; Herault, B.; Valencia, R.; Blanc, L.; Fine, P.V.A.; Thompson, J. |
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Title |
Rapid simultaneous estimation of aboveground biomass and tree diversity across neotropical forests: A comparison of field inventory methods |
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2013 |
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Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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45 |
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3 |
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288-298 |
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Biodiversity assessment; carbon stocks; Monitoring; Permanent plot; Survey; Tropical rain forest |
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A standardized rapid inventory method providing information on both tree species diversity and aboveground carbon stocks in tropical forests will be an important tool for evaluating efforts to conserve biodiversity and to estimate the carbon emissions that result from deforestation and degradation (REDD). Herein, we contrast five common plot methods differing in shape, size, and effort requirements to estimate tree diversity and aboveground tree biomass (AGB). We simulated the methods across six Neotropical forest sites that represent a broad gradient in forest structure, tree species richness, and floristic composition, and we assessed the relative performance of methods by evaluating the bias and precision of their estimates of AGB and tree diversity. For a given sample of forest area, a 'several small' (< 1 ha) sampling strategy led to a smaller coefficient of variation (CV) in the estimate of AGB than a 'few large' one. The effort (person-days) required to achieve an accurate AGB estimate (< 10% CV), however, was greater for the smallest plots (0.1 ha) than for a compromise approach using 0.5 ha modified Gentry plots, which proved to be the most efficient method to estimate AGB across all forest types. Gentry plots were also the most efficient at providing accurate estimates of tree diversity (< 10% CV of Hill number). We recommend the use of the 0.5 ha modified Gentry plot method in future rapid inventories, and we discuss a set of criteria that should inform any choice of inventory method. © 2012 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2012 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. |
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Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom |
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00063606 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 May 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Btroa; :doi 10.1111/btp.12006; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Baraloto, C.; INRA, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', 97387, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana; email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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485 |
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Baraloto, C.; Morneau, F.; Bonal, D.; Blanc, L.; Ferry, B. |
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Title |
Seasonal water stress tolerance and habitat associations within four neotropical tree genera |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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88 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
478-489 |
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drought tolerance; French Guiana; photosynthetic capacity; phylogenetically independent contrast; relative growth rate; seasonally flooded forest; specific leaf area; torus translation method; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
We investigated the relationship between habitat association and physiological performance in four congeneric species pairs exhibiting contrasting distributions between seasonally flooded and terra firme habitats in lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana, including Virola and Iryanthera ( Myristicaceae), Symphonia ( Clusiaceae), and Eperua (Caesalpiniaceae). We analyzed 10-year data sets of mapped and measured saplings ( stems >= 150 cm in height and < 10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) and trees ( stems >= 10 cm dbh) across 37.5 ha of permanent plots covering a 300-ha zone, within which seasonally flooded areas ( where the water table never descends below 1 m) have been mapped. Additionally, we tested the response of growth, survival, and leaf functional traits of these species to drought and flood stress in a controlled experiment. We tested for habitat preference using a modi. cation of the torus translation method. Strong contrasting associations of the species pairs of Iryanthera, Virola, and Symphonia were observed at the sapling stage, and these associations strengthened for the tree stage. Neither species of Eperua was significantly associated with flooded habitats at the sapling stage, but E. falcata was significantly and positively associated with flooded forests at the tree stage, and trees of E. grandiflora were found almost exclusively in nonflooded habitats. Differential performance provided limited explanatory support for the observed habitat associations, with only congeners of Iryanthera exhibiting divergent sapling survival and tree growth. Seedlings of species associated with flooded forest tended to have higher photosynthetic capacity than their congeners at field capacity. In addition, they tended to have the largest reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth rate in response to experimental drought stress and the least reductions in response to experimental inundation. The corroboration of habitat association with differences in functional traits and, to a lesser extent, measures of performance provides an explanation for the regional coexistence of these species pairs. We suggest that specialization to seasonally flooded habitats may explain patterns of adaptive radiation in many tropical tree genera and thereby provide a substantial contribution to regional tree diversity. |
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INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, Email: baraloto@botany.ufl.edu |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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ISI:000245668400021 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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165 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Paine, C.E.T.; Patino, S.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B.; Chave, J. |
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Functional trait variation and sampling strategies in species-rich plant communities |
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2010 |
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Functional Ecology |
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Funct. Ecol. |
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24 |
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1 |
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208-216 |
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French Guiana; functional diversity; plant traits; specific leaf area; wood density; sampling design; tropical forest |
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P> Despite considerable interest in the application of plant functional traits to questions of community assembly and ecosystem structure and function, there is no consensus on the appropriateness of sampling designs to obtain plot-level estimates in diverse plant communities. We measured 10 plant functional traits describing leaf and stem morphology and ecophysiology for all trees in nine 1-ha plots in terra firme lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana (N = 4709). We calculated, by simulation, the mean and variance in trait values for each plot and each trait expected under seven sampling methods and a range of sampling intensities. Simulated sampling methods included a variety of spatial designs, as well as the application of existing data base values to all individuals of a given species. For each trait in each plot, we defined a performance index for each sampling design as the proportion of resampling events that resulted in observed means within 5% of the true plot mean, and observed variance within 20% of the true plot variance. The relative performance of sampling designs was consistent for estimations of means and variances. Data base use had consistently poor performance for most traits across all plots, whereas sampling one individual per species per plot resulted in relatively high performance. We found few differences among different spatial sampling strategies; however, for a given strategy, increased intensity of sampling resulted in markedly improved accuracy in estimates of trait mean and variance. We also calculated the financial cost of each sampling design based on data from our 'every individual per plot' strategy and estimated the sampling and botanical effort required. The relative performance of designs was strongly positively correlated with relative financial cost, suggesting that sampling investment returns are relatively constant. Our results suggest that trait sampling for many objectives in species-rich plant communities may require the considerable effort of sampling at least one individual of each species in each plot, and that investment in complete sampling, though great, may be worthwhile for at least some traits. |
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[Baraloto, Christopher; Patino, Sandra; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000273455500024 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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72 |
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